The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy

The Gesta Normannorum Ducum [The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy] is a landmark medieval chronicle tracing the rise and fall of the Norman dynasty from its early roots through the pivotal events surrounding the Norman Conquest of England. Originally penned in Latin by the monk William of Jumièges shortly before 1060 and later expanded at the behest of William the Conqueror, the work chronicles the deeds, politics, battles, and leadership of the Norman dukes, especially William’s own claim to the English throne. The narrative combines earlier historical sources with firsthand information and oral testimony to present an authoritative account of Normandy’s transformation from a Viking settlement into one of medieval Europe’s most powerful realms. William’s history emphasizes the legitimacy, military prowess, and governance of the Norman line, framing their expansion, including the conquest of England, as both divinely sanctioned and noble in purpose. Later chroniclers such as Orderic Vitalis and Robert of Torigni continued the history, extending the coverage into the 12th century, providing broader context on ducal rule and its impact. Today this classic work remains a foundational source for understanding Norman identity, medieval statesmanship, and the historical forces that reshaped England and Western Europe between 800AD and 1100AD.

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Death of Henry VII

Death of Henry VII is in 1500-1509 Death of Prince Arthur and Henry VII.

On 21st April 1509 King Henry VII of England and Ireland [aged 52] died of tuberculosis at Richmond Palace [Map]. His son Henry VIII [aged 17] succeeded VIII King of England. Duke York and Earl Chester merged with the Crown.

After 21st April 1509 Thomas Wriothesley [aged 21], who wasn't present, made a drawing of the death of Henry VII [deceased]. The drawing shows those present and in some cases provides their arms by which they can be identified. From top left clockwise:

Bishop Richard Foxe [aged 61].

Two tonsured clerics.

George Hastings 1st Earl Huntingdon [aged 22].

Richard Weston of Sutton Place [aged 44].

Richard Clement of Ightham Mote [aged 27].

Matthew Baker.

John Sharpe of Coggleshall in Essex.

Physician holding urine bottle.

William Tyler.

Hugh Denys.

William Fitzwilliam 1st Earl of Southampton [aged 19] closing the King's eyes. There is doubt as to whether the person shown is William Fitzwilliam 1st Earl of Southampton given his age of around nineteen at the King's death. He appears to be holding a Staff of Office although sources state he wasn't appointed Gentleman Usher, in which role he would have a Staff of Office, until Henry VIII's Coronation in Jun 1509.

The Arms below him are Quarterly 1 Lozengy argent & gules (FitzWilliam); 2 Arms of John Neville 1st Marquess Montagu 3 Quartered 1 possibly Plantagenet with white border ie Holland 2&3 Tibetot, 4 Unknown, overall a star for difference indicating third son. William Fitzwilliam 1st Earl of Southampton was his father's third son, and his mother was Lucy Neville [aged 41] daughter of John Neville 1st Marquess Montagu. It appears correct that the person represented is William Fitzwilliam 1st Earl of Southampton. William Fitzwilliam 1st Earl of Southampton was the childhood companion of Henry VIII [aged 17].

Physician holding urine bottle.

Richard Weston of Sutton Place: he and Anne Sandys were married. In 1465 he was born. In 1541 he died.

Matthew Baker: From 1486 he was appointed Governor of Jersey. In May 1513 he died in Bermondsey Abbey [Map].

On 11th May 1509 King Henry VII of England and Ireland [deceased] was buried in the King Henry VII Chapel, Westminster Abbey [Map]. Henry Willoughby [aged 58] and Anthony Wingfield [aged 22] attended. The ladies given mantelets and kerchiefs were as follows:

Household of Mary Tudor:

Mary Tudor Queen Consort France [aged 13].

Catherine York Countess Devon [aged 29].

Elizabeth Stafford Countess Sussex [aged 30]. Possibly Margaret Whetehill.

Anne Percy [aged 65] or Anne Percy Countess Arundel [aged 23].

Elizabeth Hussey Countess Kent.

Eleanor Pole [aged 47].

Mary Brandon.

Elizabeth Empson.

Mary Scrope [aged 33].

Jane Popincourt.

Alice Vaux.

Household of the Princess of Wales Catherine of Aragon:

Catherine of Aragon [aged 23].

Agnes or Inez Vanegas.

Maria de Salinas Baroness Willoughby [aged 19].

Household of Margaret Beaufort the King's Mother:

Margaret Beaufort Countess Richmond [aged 65].

Joan Vaux "Mother Guildford" [aged 46].

Mary Hussey Baroness Willoughby of Eresby [aged 25].

Wriothesley's Chronicle [1508-1562]. 21st April 1509. This yeare, in Aprill, died King Henry the Vllth [aged 52] at Richmond [Map] and his Sonne King Henry the VIII [aged 17] was proclaymed Kinge on St Georges dayeg 1508 [1509], in the same moneth.

Note g. We should here read St George's Eve, 22nd April, 1509, from which day Henry Vlll reckoned his regnal years. Stow, however, says that Henry was not proclaimed till the 24th.

Collectanea by John Leland [1502-1552]. The Manner of bringinge of Kynge Henrie the VII's [deceased] Corps frome Richmonde, where he departed to God the 21st Day of Aprili, the XXIIIJth Yeare of his Raigne, unto St. Powles Churche in London: And also of his Conveyance frome thence to the Abbie of Westminster; where he, a Prince most Royall, was solempnly enterred, which was the Tenth Day of May [10th May 1509], the First Yeare of the Raigne of Kynge Henry the Eight, 1485.

[From a Manuscript in the Harleian Library, N° 3504.]

Collectanea by John Leland [1502-1552]. [10th May 1509] First there came rydinge throughe the Cittie of London the Swerdebearer of London, and the Vice-Chamberleyne of the same, with Twoe of the Masters of the Brugehowse, to sett the Crafts in theire Order and Arraye. Then came Rydinge the Kyngs Messengers, twoe and twoe, with theire Boxes on theire Brests. Then the Kyngs Trumpeters; and after them the Kyngs still Minstrells. Then the Florentines, the Venetians, the Portingalls, the Spaniards, the Frenchmen, the Esterlings, the Gentlemen Ushers, the Kyngs Chapleyns havinge no Dignitye. The Squyers for the Boddie. The Aldermen of London. The Shreves, havinge in theire Hands Twoe Whyte Roddes. Then came there rydinge Twoe Herauds of Armes, in Twoe Cote Armurs; and after them came rydinge a noble Knyght, Mourner, uppon a goodlie Courser, trapped with Black Velvet, bearinge the Kyngs Stonderd, whose Name is Sir Edward Darrell [aged 43]; after whome came Knights. Then came the Chapleyns of Dignitie, as Deanes and suche other. Then the Kyng's Counsell, and Knights of the Garter beinge no Lords. Then the Chiefe Justice of the Common Place, and the Chiefe Baron of the Kyngs Exchequer: Then the Chiefe Justice of the Kings Bench, and the Master of the Rolles. Then came the Crowched Fryers on Foote, and all the Foure Orders of Fryers followinge, singinge. Then the Chanons of all the Places in London, in like wisse singinge. Then the Kyngs Chappell, in theire Surpleses and Grey Ameses, singinge. Then came rydinge all the Temporall Lords and Barrons, on the Left Hand; and all Abbotts and Bishopps, on the Right Hand. Then rode Sir Davie Owen [aged 50], bearinge an Helmet of Steele, crowned with a rich Crowne of Golde. Then rode Sir Edward Howard [aged 33], the Second Sonne of the Erle of Surrey [aged 66], Treasorer of England, armed complete, with the Kyngs Harnes, his Face discovered, bearinge in his Hand the Kings Battel Axe, the Heade downewarde, restnge on his Foote. Then followed him a Knyght called Sir Thomas Fyes, bearinge a riche Armour, embrodered with the Armes of England. Then came the Maior of London ymediately before the Charett, bearinge his Mace in his Hand. Then came the Charett wherein the Kyngs Corps lay. Upon the which lay a Picture resemblinge his Person crowned and richly apparreled in his Parliament Roobe, bearinge in his Right Hand a Scepter, and in his Left Hand a Ball of Golde, over whome there was hanginge a riche Cloth of Golde pitched upon Fowre Staves, which were sett at the Fowre Corners of the saide Charett, wich Charett was drawen with Seaven great Coursers, trapped in Black Velvett, with the Armes of England on everie Courser set on bothe Sydes, and on every Side of everie Courer, a Knight goinge on Foote, bearing a Banner in his Hand; and at everie Corner of the saide Charett a Baron goinge on Foote, bearing a Banner, in like Manner; wich IIIJor Banners were the Kyngs Avowries; whereof the First was of the Trinitie, the Second of our Ladie, the Third of St. George, the fourth of.... And in the said Charett there were sittinge Twoe Gentlemen. Usshers of the Kyngs Chamber, One at the Heade of the Kynge and the other at the Feete, mourninge. Then followed the said Charett the Duke of Buckingham [aged 31], the Earle of Arondell [aged 59], the Earle of Northumberland [aged 31], the Earle of Shrewsberie [aged 41], the Earle of Surrey, the Earle of Essex, and other, to the Nomber of Nyne, beinge Knyghts of the Garter, in a Range one after another, as they were in Degree. Then followed them IX of the Kyngs Henchemen, ridinge on goodlie Coursers, trapped in Black Velvett, of the wich the three foremost did beare three Capps of Maintenances, wich three Popes had sent the Kynge duringe the Tyme of his Raigne. The next three Henchmen did beare three riche Swordes the Points downward, the seaventh bare a Target of the Armes of England, otherwise called a Sheild crowned, the eight bare an Helmet with a Lyon of Golde upon it. The IXth bare a Speare covered with Black Velvett. Then followed the Master of the Horses called Sir Thomas Brandon, leadinge in his Hande a goodlie Courser trapped with Black Velvett, richely embrodered with the Armes of England; whome followed the Lord Darcy [aged 42], beinge Captayn of the Garde. After whome came the Garde, and many other Gentlemen. Then the worshipfull Men of the Crafts of London, which were appointed by theire Fellowship to set in the said Corps. Then Lords Servaunts followed, beinge a great Nomber.

Collectanea by John Leland [1502-1552]. [10th May 1509] And on the Morrowe the said Duke and Earles, with the other Lords, beinge in the Churche before Six of the Clock, there were Three Solempne Masses, songe in theire dewe Order. Of the which Masses the Abbott of Westminster sange the First of our Ladie, which was done before Seaven of the Clock, and incontinente the Bisshop of Winchester sange the Second of the Trinitie, th Abbott of St. Albones beinge his Deacon, and th Abbott of Readinge beinge his Subdeacon: Which done th Archeb. of Canterbury, beinge accompained with the Nomber of XVIII Bisshops and Abbotts, revested and mytred, came unto the Alter, to singe the solempn Masse of Requiem. To whome was Deacon the Bisshop of Lincoln, and Subdeacon the Bisshop of Norwiche. And when the said Bisshops and Abbotts had brought him to the Altar, they went into the Queire, and there stayred unto the Offieringe Tyme, except the Deacon and Subdeacon, which gave theire Attendance. And at the Offieringe Tyme the said Bisshop anci Abbotts came agnine to the Alter, and gave their dewe Attendance upon the Archeb. of Canterbury, comminge frome the Alter unto the Second Step of the said Alter, where he received the Offeringe in this manner followinge.

Collectanea by John Leland [1502-1552]. [11th May 1509] Thus and in this Manner was the said Corps of Kynge Henry the VIIth brought throughe the Cittie of London, with Torches innumerable, unto the West Dore of St. Powles [Map], where the Bisschop of London, revested and mytred, received the said Corps; which, after they had encensed it, was taken out of the Charett, the said Picture lyinge upon it, and borne by XII Persons of the Garde, because of the great Waight thereof. The Duke of Buckingham [aged 31] with the said Earles goinge by, and puttinge theire Hands unto it. Over the which Corpes was borne a goodlie riche Canopie of Cloth of Golde by Fower Barrons, frome the Tyme that it was taken out of the Charet unto the Tyme that the said Corps was brought before the Highe Alter, where was sett a goodlie curious Light of Nine Branches; under the which Light this Corps was sett, there havinge a solempne Dirige; in the which my Lord of London was Executor Officii, and Attendant upon him the Abbott of St. Albones and the Abbott of Readinge, revested and mytred. This done, the Lords departed frome Powles, and went unto the Bishops Palice; the said Corps beinge watched with divers Knights and Herauds appointed thereunto. And on the Morrowe when the Lords were come unto the Herse againe, there were songe Three solempne Masses; of the which Three Masses the Deane of Powles sange the Firft of our Ladie, the Bisschop of Lincoln [aged 49] sange the Second of the Trinitie, and the Bisschop of London sange the Third of Requiem. After the which Masses done the Bisschop of Rochester [aged 39] made a notable Sermon; which done everie Man departed unto theire Dynner. And at theire Returne made, which was before One of the Clock, the said Corps was solempnly borne throughe the Churche of St. Powle to the West Dore, with the foresaid Canape borne over it, goinge before it the whole Queire or Powles and allso the Kyngs Chappell, whome followed the Bisshop of London, being revested and mytred, and the said Duke and Earles followinge; where the said Corps was againe laide into the Charet, and appointed in like Manner as is aforesaid. Which done everie Man in like Order as is afore exprested, accompained the said Corps, which was frome thence conveyed throughe Fleete Streete unto Charinge Crosse, where the Abbott of Westminfter, th' Abbott of St. Albones, th Abbott of Readinge, and th' Abbott of Winchombe, all IIJor Abbotts, revested and mytred, with the whole Convent of th' Abbey of Westminster, in Albes and Coops, received the said Corps, and there encensed it. Which done they with Procession solempnly conveyed it unto the West Doore of the said Abbey of Westminfter: Where the Archebishop of Canterbery [aged 59] and the Archeb. of Yorke [aged 45], revested and mytred, solempnly received the Corps, and in like Manner incensed it; which after was conveyed out of the said Charet into the Abbey, in like Manner as it was conveyed into Powles. Where was sett the moft costly and curious Light possibly to be made by Mans Hand, which was of XIII principal Stonderds, rihly decked with Banners, and all other Things convenient to the same. Here he had his Dirige solempnly, th' Archbissiopp of Canterbury beinge Execut. Officii, upon whom was attendinge the Nomber of XVIII Bisshiops and Abbotts, revested and mytred, duringe the Tyme of the said Dirige. At the which Dirige the Bissiopp of Norwiche redd the First Lesson, the Bisschop of Lincoln the Second Lesson, the Archebishiop of Canterbury the Third Lesson. And after the said Dirige done, the saide Duke and Earles with the other Lords departed unto the Kings Palice; except certen Knights, which were appointed to watch the Corps, in like as they did at Powles.

Collectanea by John Leland [1502-1552]. [11th May 1509] First there came Twoe Herauds in their Cotearmours unto the Duke of Buckingham [aged 31], beinge Chiefe Mourner, kneelinge at the West End of the Herse, goinge before him, frome the Herse unto the Place where the Archeb. stoode to take the Offeringe; where he, representinge the Kyngs Person, offered a Testiament of Golde: Which done the said Herauds conveyed him againe to the Place he came frome. Then the said Herauds came in like Manner unto the Earle of Arondell [aged 59] and unto the Earle of Northumberland [aged 31], and conveyed them unto a Knight which stoode before the Herse, holdinge the Kyngs Cotearmoure. Of whom the said Herauds received the said Cotearmour, and delivered it to the said Twoe Earles; which solempnly bearinge the said Cotearmour betwene them offered it up unto the said Archeb. with great Reverence; the which he received and delivered unto a Bisshop, which delivered it over unto an Heraude standinge even by them on the South Side of the Church; which done the said Herauds conveyed the Twoe Earles againe unto theire Places. Then the said Herauds came in likewise unto the Earle of Shrewssberie [aged 41] and unto the Earle of Surrey [aged 66], and conveyed them unto a Knight which stoode before the said Herse, holdinge the Kyngs Sheild crowned; of whome the said Herauds received the said Shielde, and delivered it unto the said Earles; which solempnly bearinge it betwene them offered it in lyke Manner unto the ArcheBisshop; the which he received and delivered it to a Bisshop, by whome it was delivered unto an Heraude, there standinge on the South Syde beneath the other Herauds which helde the Cotearmour: And then the said Herauds conveyed the said Earles againe unto their Places. After this they went unto the Earle of Essex and to the Earle of Kent [aged 28], and conveyed them unto a Knight holdinge a goodlie riche Sworde before the Herse, which the said Herauds received of the said Knyght and delivered unto the said Earles: And soe they holdinge the said Sworde betwene them, offered it up unto the ArcheBisshop in like Manner; which was also delivered unto an other Heraude standinge in Order beneath the other Twoe Herauds which helde the Cotearmour and the Shielde. Which, done the said Herauds convey'd the said Twoe Earles into theire owne Places. And then the said Twoe Herauds came unto the Earle of Derbie [aged 24] and unto the Earle of Arran [aged 34], otherwise called the Scottishe Lorde, which in like Manner conveyed them unto a Knight holdinge the Kings Helmett crowned, to whome was made like deliverie; which they offered in like Manner, and was delivered to another Heraude, and they conveyed unto theire owne Places againe. After this there came ryding the Second Son of th Earle of Surrey, called Sir Edward Howarde [aged 33], armed in complete Harnes (his Helmet except) upon a goodlie Courser, trapped in Black Velvet, with the Armes of England embrothered upon the same, which rode unto the Railes of the said Herse, where he did alight; whome the said Herauds incontinent received; whose Horse was ymediatly delivered unto a Servant of the Abbotts of Westminfter. And the said Knight going betwene the Earle of Essex and the Earle of Kent was presented unto the Archebisshop: Which done, the said Knight was conveyed by Twoe Monkes of the said Abbey into the Revestrie, where he was unarmed, and the said Two Earles again conveyed into theire owne Places. And afrer the said Knight came in a Black Gowne, and offered amonge the other Knights. This done the said Two Herauds came againe unto the Duke of Buck. goinge before him to the Archebishop, where he offered againe for himselfe. After whome the other Earles offered in theire Order. Then came the Bisshops and Abbotts, and offered in theire Order; the Bisshops goinge unto the Alter, and there makinge theire Offeringe, and the Abbotts goinge unto the Archeb. kissinge his Hande, and takinge his Blessinge. After whome came the Lords and Barrons, makinge their Offeringe everie Man in Degree. And in the meane while Twoe Herauds came againe unto the said Duke of Buck. and to the Earles, and conveyed them into the Revestrie, where they did receive certen Palles, which everie of them did bringe solempnly betwene theire Hands, and comminge in Order one before another, as they were in Degree, unto the said Herse, they kissed theire said Palles, and delivered them unto the said Heraudes, which lalde them uppon the Kyngs Corps, in this Manner: The Palle which was first offered by the Duke of Buck. was laid on length on the said Corps, and the Residewe were laid acrosse, as thick as they might lie. Which Palles were offered in the Manner aforesaid, in Token of their Homage which they of Dutie ought to doe unto the Kinge. And after the saide Lords and Barrons had made theire Offeringe, then foliowed the Chapleins of Dignitie and the Grey Amezes of the Kinges Chappell, whome foliowed Knights and Gentlemen, everie Man in his Degree. After the which Offeringe and the said Masse ended, a Knight called Edmond Carewe [aged 43] came unto the Second Stepp of the Highe Alter, bearinge in his Hand the Kings great Banner, which he offered up unto the Archebisshop, and Sir Edward Darrece [aged 43] his Standerd. Which done, the Bisshop of London inade a noble Sermon. And after the said Sermon ended, incontinente the Archebisshopps, Bisshopps, and Abbotts went unto the Herse. At whose Coomminge the Palles and the iiij Banners of the Kings Avowries were carried away by Twoe Monks. Which done, the Picture was taken from the Herse, and borne unto Sr. Edwards Shrine, the Kyngs Chappell, singinge this Anthem, Circum dederunt me genitus mortis [The sorrows of death have compassed me, Psalm 17, 5-6]. And then the said Corps was incensed, and all the Royal Ornaments taken fome the said Corps, soe that everie Man might see the said Corps cofferd in a Coffin of Bordes, which was covered over with Black Velvett, havinge a Crosse of Whyte Satten from the one End of the said Coffyn unto the other; within the which Coffiyn the verie Corps of the Kynge lay enclosed in Lead. Upon the which Lead was written, in great Lettres chafed, Hic jacet Rex Henricns Septimus [Here lies King Henry VII]. And soe the said Corps was laid into the Vaught with great reverence by the noble Queen Elizabeth his Wyfe; whome incontinent all the Archebishops, Bisshops, and Abbotts settinge theire Crosses upon the said Corps assoiled, in most solempn Manner sayinge this Collett (Absolvimus). Which done the said Archebishop did cast Earth uppon the said Corps. And then my Lord Treasorer and my Loyd Steward did breake theire Staves, and did cast them into the Vaught; and the other Hed Officers did cast theire Staves in, all whole. Which done the Vaught was closed, and a goodlie riche Pall of Clothe of Golde laide upon the saide Herse. And incontinent all the Herauds did of theire Cotearmour, and did hange them uppon the Rayles of the Herse; cryinge lamentably in French, The noble King Henry the Seaventh is deade. And as soone as they had so done, everie Heraud putt on his Cotearmour againe, and cryed with a loude Voyce, Vive le noble Roy Henry le VIIIth; which is to say in Englishe Tonge, God send the noble Kynge Henry the Eight longe Lyfe. Amen.

Letters and Papers Foreign and Domestic Henry VIII 1509. 11th May 1509. 20. Henry VII.'s Funeral.

"Th'entierment of the moost excellent prynce King Henry the vijth."

A book beginning with a long list of lengths and prices of black cloth bought from 56 merchants (named). Then follow the prices of "manteletts" and "kercheffes" allowed to the Princess of Castell, Lady Kateryne, Lady Fytzwater, Lady Anne Percy, the lady of Kent, Lady Gordon, Lady Verney, Lady Marzen, Mrs. Redyng, Mrs. Catysby, Mrs. Denes (or Denyse), Mrs. Weston, Mrs. Jarnyngham, Mrs. Bucknam, Mrs. Popyncourt, Mrs. Kateryn and Mrs. Sapcott, and their gentlewomen; to the Princess of Wales and her two ladies, Dame Agnes Vanegas and Dame Maria de Gavara, four gentlewomen, Katerina Fortes, Maria Saleinas, John de Quero's wife and Kateryn Montaya, and two chamberers, Kateryn de Gavara and Esabell de Vanegas; to the King's "grauntdame," Lady Jane, Lady Wylloughby, Mrs. Clyfford, Mrs. Parker, Mrs. Fowler, Mrs. Stanhop, Mrs. Jane, Mrs. Ratclyff, to the two gentlewomen of these ladies and to Perott Doren and Jane Walter, chamberers of the King's granddame. Next come payments to goldsmiths, tailors, &c., for hearse covering, palls, robes, coffin cloths, gowns "for 9 henxmen and the M." (master) and for many poor men, the carriage of stuff to Richmond, and provision of hangings there. Then come payments amounting to £25, mainly for saddlery for the Princesses of Wales and Castell, headed as made by warrant dated 15 May 1 Henry VIII. and some further payments for hearses at St. Paul's and Westminster and for a cloth of estate for the high altar at Greenwich; followed by "The Boke of Peynters," showing payments for "scochyns," coats of arms, banners, "banerolles," "pencelles," "magesties," "rachementes" and borders, made by Mr. Broun, Rogecrosse, William Whytyng, John Wolff, John Wanlesse, Thomas Grene, Richard Rowanger and others (named). Then come expenses at Richmond, St. Paul's and Westminster showing amount and cost of material, names and wages of workmen &c. (£1,557s. of Poleyn wax was used on the hearse at Pawles and £3,606s. at Westminster), and bills of the purchase of torches (weights given) and expenses in the Stable.

Next (at f. 112b.) in an account of "Almose yeven by dyverse doctours," viz.:—Dr. Ednam: alms by the way from Richmond to London by the hands of Dr. Hobbys and the Under-almoner, £22; alms to King's chaplains, £23; and other payments for alms distributed betweene Paules and Westminster, given to 60 country churches, wages of torchbearers and £10 each to the choirs of Paules and Westminster; total, £102 Dr. Bekensawe: distributed to poor people at the Clynke 28 and 29 April and 9, 10 and 11 May and to impotent people of the city and suburbs nominated by their curates, total £447 9s. 8d. Similar distributions by Dr. Rawlyns, £463 16d., and Dr. Honywood, £520 at Ledon Hall and Seynt Mary Spetyll; by Dr. Lupton, at Westminster, £386 5s. 4d.; and on 5 May, by Dr. Lupton, to 39 prisoners delivered out of Newgate, Ludgate, Counter in the Pultrye, Counter in Bredestrete and the King's Bench, £34 3s.

At f. 114 begins an account of expenditure of provisions at the Bishop of London's palace and at Westminster by the various departments of the Household.

Then, after specifying the mourning clothing allowed to ladies and lords of every degree, at f. 119 comes:—

f. 119. "Livery given as well to archbishops, dukes, bishops, earls, lords, knights, chaplains, squires, gentlemen, yeomen, grooms and pages and other officers as to the King's grauntdame, the princesses of Walis and Castell, the Queen's sister, 'merqueses,' Countesses, Viscountesses, baronesses, knights' wives, gentlewomen, chamberers, with their servants as well men as women, against the interment of" &c. Henry VII., who died 21 April in the 24th year of his reign and was buried at Westminster 11 May following.

[The amount of cloth allowed to themselves and their servants is in each case given, the total length being 18,311¾ yds.]

f. 119b.

Bishops: York, Winchester,* London. Earls: Treasurer,* Essex, Kent, Derbie. Barons: Harry Stafford, John Grey, Richard Grey, Anthony Grey, Delaware, Willoughby, Dacres of the South, Ferrers, Barnes, Dacres of the North, Chamberlain*, Darcy, Sir John Huse, Comptroller of the King's House. Knights: Sir David Owyn, Sir Edward Stanley, Sir Henry Willoughby, Sir Matthew Broun, Sir Richard Lewys, Sir John Huddilston, Sir Rob. Sheffeld, Sir Th. Bryan, Sir William Vampage, Sir Edward Darell, Sir Rob. Southwell, Sir John Bothe, Sir Walter Hungerford. Gentlemen-ushers: Rob. Knolles, Henry Wentworth, Francis Barnard, (blank) Kermynow.

f. 120. Bishops: Chichester, Chester, Rochester. Lords: Howard, Fitzwater, Mr. Secretary*, Lord Clynton. Knights: Sir Th. Tirrell, Sir Hugh Vaghan, Sir Rol. Veilvyle, Sir Adrian Fortescu, Sir Richard Fowler. Sir Rob. Peyton, Sir John Seymore, Sir Th. Fynes, Sir Jhon Devynnysshe. Squyers for the Bodie: Henry Wyott, Master of the King's Jewelhouse, Mr. Arthur, Edward Hungerford, Th. Knevett, Ant. Wyngfeld, John Veer, William Parr, John Geynesford, Th. Tirrell, Edward Nevell, Ch. Brandon, Giles Capell, Hugh Denyse, Wistan Broun, Edward Guylford, John Dyve, John Hampden, John Melton, Richard Weston, Th. Stoner, Richard Chombley. Gentlemen-ushers: John Russell, John Moreton, John Clerk, Edward Ap Rees, Edward Doon, Jasper Fyloll, George Kene, Richard Fyssher, John Mershall, William Kyngeston, Rob. Jones, John Leventhorp, John Roy. Sewers of the Chamber: Francis Buddes, Th. Ap Rees, Th. Ap Morgan, Richard Whitehill, Chr. Villers, Griffith Doon, John Salysbury, Nicholas Hyde, John Clon, Hugh Walden, John Verney, John Hyghfeld, Melchior Astolo, Edward Swenerton, Rob. Ardern, William Lyngen. Serjeants of arms: Rob. Wesshyngton, Edward Griffith, James Conyers, John Roydon, Gilb. Mawdesley, John Hamerton, William Butler, Mores Butler, Lionel Crowford, Hugh Chomley, Th. Russhe, Th. Twyseaday, Rob. Marleton, John Harper. Officers at Arms: Garter King at Arms, Richemont King at Arms, Norrey King at Arms, Wyndesore and Somerset heralds, and Rougecrosse, Blewmantill, Barwyke, Rougedragon, Guynes, Hammes, Caleis, Mount Orgeil and Kyldare pursuivants. Grooms of the Chamber: Piers Barbour, Richard Clement, James Worseley, Rob. Hesulrygge, John Pate, John Bygge, William Dalborn, Peter Malvesey, John Pultney, Rob. Hert, John Floid, William Hylton, David Ap Rees, — Forster, Th. Gardygon, Th. Musgrave, Th. Vowell, — Shevall, Rob. Barbour, George Sutton, John Burton, William Coke, William Wynslowe, Henry Ardern, John Davyd, Petie Roy, Nicholas Taylour, Rob. Troughton, Bart. Overton, Janken Vaghan, Nicholas Baker. Pages of the Chamber: John Copenger, John Catchmay, Th. Carvanell, Henry Kemyas, Massy Velyarde, Peter Champney.

f. 122. The King's Grandame. Ladies: Lady Jane, Lady Wylloughby. Gentlewomen: Mrs. Clyfford, Parker, Fowler, Stanhop, Jane and Ratclyffe. Chamberers: Perott Doren, Jane Walter. Counsellors: Mr. Chaunceler, Mr. Chamberleyn, Mr. Steward, Mr. Morgan. Chaplains: Mr. Confessor, Mr. Almoner, Mr. Pexall. Gentlemen: Mr. Parker, George Henyngham, George Frauncesse, Rob. Fernyngham, Rog. Ratclyff, John Lee. Yeomen: Rob. Merbury. William Hylmer, Nicholas Aughton, Richard Aderston, John Merycoke, Rob. Nessewyke, Rob. Hylton, John Madyson, William Love. Grooms: Hugh Carr, Henry Abney, Hugh Worsley, John Hasylby, Rob. Clyff.

122b. The King's Guard: William Kebe, Nicholas Downes, Nicholas Pounser, Humph. Baryngton, Richard Phyllypp and 119 others named.

Mr. John Baptista, Mr. William Lynche, Mr. John Chambre. Squire for the Body: Henry Milborn. Gentleman-ushers: John Sherp, William Tyler. Groom of the Chamber: Th. Wolbaston.

124. Doctor Lacy, Ralph Egerton. Sewers: Henry Pynago, William Norres, Ant. Cotton. Clerk Comptroller: Edward Hatclyff. Yeomen: Rob. Ryssheton, John Nevell, William Royt, John Braban, William Poole, Th. Woderoff, Edward Addeley, George Brocas, Th. Bella, John Gaso, John Dey, William Vaghan, John Prynce. Footman: David Phyllypp. Grooms of the Chamber: William Thomas, William Compton, William Gower, Walter Badham, Chr. Rochestre. Grooms Officers: Alex. Staveley, John Versyn, Rob. Lyttle, John Smythe, Richard Bendon, William Hoxeson, Roger Bedill, James Derham, John Colynson, John Spokesman, William Roodes, Th. Sawcy, John Naples, Th. Wheteley, Th. Peper, John Janyns. Pages officers: John Dowener, William Seynt. Sewer for the Board: John Cornewale. Yeomen: John Grey, William Leygh, Hugh Sterkey, Chr. Roper, Th. Maxson, Th. Dec, John Passy, Rob. Maunger. Minstrels: Hakenett de Lewys, Stephen de Lalaunde. Grooms: Richard Amere, Richard Hert, William Atkynson, John Jely. Pages: Rob. Bowyngton, John Procter, Petie John.

Knight: Sir Henry Merney. Cupbearers: Josselyn Percy, Henry Clyfford. Chaplains: Dr. Rawson, Mr. Geoffrey Wrenne.

Henry Guylford, Th. Lucy, John Moreton.

125. Lords: my Lord Steward, my Lord of Oxford [aged 9], my Lord MountJoye, Mr. Treasurer [aged 19], the Master of the Wardrobe, Sir John Cutte, Undertreasurer*. Knights: Sirs Edward Poynynges, John Reynesford, John Peche, John Carewe, William Saundes, Th. West, Edward Haward and George Maners. Cupbearer: Richard Hastynges. Squires for the Body: Th. Parr, Ant. Fetipace, John Carr, Th. Bolan, Matth. Baker. Gentlemen-ushers: John Whytyng. Chr. Garnysshe.

The King's chaplains: Mr. Hobbys, Mr. Cosyn, Mr. Vaghan, Mr. Lupton, Mr. Lychfeld, Mr. Honywood, Mr. West, brother to the Lord Dalaware, Mr. Wolsey, Mr. Oxenbrygge, Mr. Esterfeld, Mr. Fyssher, Mr. Rawlyns, Mr. Teylour, Mr. Hatton "profyce of Cambryge," Mr Petir of ye Closet.

126. Lords: The Earl of Aren, the Earl of Ormond, the Lord Hastynges. Knight: Sir Rob. Brandon. Squires for the Body: John Marney, Symken Dyghby. Bishops with lords: the Bishop of Lincoln, my Lord Matravers, the Bishop of Worcester, the Bishop of Carlisle. Minstrels of the Chamber: Gyles, Buntanes, Babram, "Seykebudes" (sackbuts) and shalmeys: Johannes, Guyllam Borrow, Edward Johannes, Alex. Massu. The King's trumpets: Jakett, Petir, Domynyk, John Cecile, Frank, Christopher, Adryan, John Broun, John Blank. The King's falconers: Francis, Peter, Patrick, Mate, Hugh. Keeper of the King's "librally": Sir William Faques, priest. Clerk of the Counseill: William Bellouse.

127. Duke: Buckingham. Lords: The Bishop of Norwich, Lord Broke, Lord Scrope, Lord Fitzhugh, Lord of Seynt Jones, Lord Grey of Wylton. Knights: Sirs William Rede, Th. Bousher, Th. Trenchard, John Ryseley, George Holford, Everard Fyldyng, Nicholas Griffythe, Giles Brygges, John Longford, Rob. Dymmok. Squires for the Body: Piers Champion, John Fortescu, Edward Chamberleyn, Francis Cheny, John Cheny, Th. Cheny, Richard Norres, Edward Ratclyff, William Morgan, Edward Bealknapp, Adam Penyngton, Richard Welden, Edward Bulstrode, Th. Pekeryng, Edm. Breknell, Edward Wadham, William West, Richard Wentworth, Mr. Mewtas. Gentlemen-ushers: William Fitzwilliam, Roger Chomley, Edward Benstede, Walter Frost, Godderd Oxenbrygge, George Hervy, Frowyk of Barnett, John Norton, William Penyngton, James Metcalff, Henry Brugges, Edward Jernyngham, John Pooll, Richard Saundes. Sewers of the Chamber: Walron Coughan, John Souche, Francis Harecourt, Rob. Blount.

Counsellors and chaplains: Mr. Chr. Ursewyke, Mr. Simon Stalworth, Mr. Nicholas West. Earls: Arundale, Northumberlond. Knights and justices: Sir John Fyneux, Chief Justice of Ingeland, Robert Rede, Chief Justice of the Common Place, William Hody, Chief Baron. Knights: Sir Th. Dygby, Sir John Dyghby, Sir James Hoberd, the Master of the Rolls, Sir Edm. Carewe, Sir William Filoll, Sir Rob. Drewre, Sir John Savage. Esquires: Maurice Barkeley, William Denes, John Villers, Th. Denham, William Gascoign, William Cromer, "Henry Grey my Lord of Kent brother." Gentlemen-ushers: James Barkley, John Cromer, Rob. Turges, John Bairley, Henry Wodall, James Loder, Ralph Bukberd, Francis Haselden. Grooms: Hugh Edwardes, John Vavasour.

128. Knight: Sir Richard Chomley. (Not described): Oliver Turnour, John Whytyngton, porter, the Under-porter, John Freynce, Rob. Hirdelston, John Williams, Richard Birton, Henry Hopkyns, Cadwalader John, Davy Jones, Richard Babsey, John Auteknapp, Rob. Auler, William Maddokkes, John Brokwall, George Todd, gaoler. Officers of the King's Ordynance: William Huxley, Elys Hylton, John Yong. Grooms: Richard Fawconer, Rob. Fyssher, John Wystowe, Humphrey Walker, Blace Billard, Pace Reynold, Henry Cramer, Wymond Godfrey, William Lacryan, Roger Hyngelych, Edward Hygges, Richard Smyth, gardener, Chr. Wodland, smith, Walter Harowe, Miles Reynold.

129. The Bishop of Ely, My Lord of Canterbury. Lord: my Lord Clyfford. Knights: Sirs John Hungerford, Rob. Plompton, Richard York, John Dunham, George Forster, Rob. Poynys, Rob. Curson. Squires for the Body: John Awdeley, Th. Nevell, William Plompton, Edm. Bray, Edward Ferrers, Th. Moreton, Roger Townesend, Richard Hungerford, Gerard Danett, George Guylford, John Gage, Chr. Willoughby, John Stanley. Gentlemen-ushers: Rob. Witell, Richard Irton, William Bulstrode, William Husse, Th. Seyntmarten, John Pauncefort, Nicholas Sterley, Ralph Worseley. Sewer: Th. Maston. Grooms: Mr. John the King's surgeon, Richard Floyd, Henry the King's godson, Jankyn Floyd, William Lambert, Richard Smythe, Stephen the King's tailor, Th. James, William Pertryche, Mr. John the King's sage French doctor, Mr. Martyn the King's fool, "For Phypp hys master" (this a separate entry), Th. Pownde, Crochett the King's armourer.

Knights: Sir John Ferrers, Sir Richard Knyghtley. Chaplains: Mr. Sydename, Mr. Alkoke, Mr. Gundesalus, Mr. John Glynne, Mr. Salysbury, Mr. Ant. Fyssher, Mr. Weldon, Mr. Derley, Mr. Creton.

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