The History of William Marshal, Earl of Chepstow and Pembroke, Regent of England. Book 1 of 2, Lines 1-10152.

The History of William Marshal was commissioned by his son shortly after William’s death in 1219 to celebrate the Marshal’s remarkable life; it is an authentic, contemporary voice. The manuscript was discovered in 1861 by French historian Paul Meyer. Meyer published the manuscript in its original Anglo-French in 1891 in two books. This book is a line by line translation of the first of Meyer’s books; lines 1-10152. Book 1 of the History begins in 1139 and ends in 1194. It describes the events of the Anarchy, the role of William’s father John, John’s marriages, William’s childhood, his role as a hostage at the siege of Newbury, his injury and imprisonment in Poitou where he met Eleanor of Aquitaine and his life as a knight errant. It continues with the accusation against him of an improper relationship with Margaret, wife of Henry the Young King, his exile, and return, the death of Henry the Young King, the rebellion of Richard, the future King Richard I, war with France, the death of King Henry II, and the capture of King Richard, and the rebellion of John, the future King John. It ends with the release of King Richard and the death of John Marshal.

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Sable

Sable is in Field.

Wodehouse Arms. Sable a chevron or between three cinquefoils. Source.

Lewis Arms. Sable a chevron or three fleur de lys or. Source.

Loftus Arms. Sable, a chevron engrailed ermine, between three trefoils slipped argent. Source.

Bonville Arms. Sable, six mullets argent pierced gules. Source.

Mosley Arms. Sable a chevron between three pickaxes argent. Source.

Browne Arms. Sable a bend sable cotised three lions rampant argent. Source.

Newton Arms. Sable, a skull and crossbones argent. Source

Oldham Arms. Sable, a chevron or between three owls argent on a chief of the second three roses gules. Possibly an example of canting arms where owl represents owl-dam. Source.

Paget Arms. Sable, on a cross engrailed between four eagles displayed argent, five lions passant guardant of the field. Source.

William of Worcester's Chronicle of England

William of Worcester, born around 1415, and died around 1482 was secretary to John Fastolf, the renowned soldier of the Hundred Years War, during which time he collected documents, letters, and wrote a record of events. Following their return to England in 1440 William was witness to major events. Twice in his chronicle he uses the first person: 1. when writing about the murder of Thomas, 7th Baron Scales, in 1460, he writes '… and I saw him lying naked in the cemetery near the porch of the church of St. Mary Overie in Southwark …' and 2. describing King Edward IV's entry into London in 1461 he writes '… proclaimed that all the people themselves were to recognize and acknowledge Edward as king. I was present and heard this, and immediately went down with them into the city'. William’s Chronicle is rich in detail. It is the source of much information about the Wars of the Roses, including the term 'Diabolical Marriage' to describe the marriage of Queen Elizabeth Woodville’s brother John’s marriage to Katherine, Dowager Duchess of Norfolk, he aged twenty, she sixty-five or more, and the story about a paper crown being placed in mockery on the severed head of Richard, 3rd Duke of York.

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Conway Arms. Sable, on a bend cotised argent a rose gules between two annulets of the first. Source.

Palmer Carlton Arms. Sable a chevron or three crecents argent. Source.

Dymoke Arms. Sable, two lions passant in pale argent ducally crowned or. Source.

Parker Arms. Sable, a stag's head cabossed between two flaunches argent. Source.

Paulet Arms. Sable three swords pilewise points in base proper pomels and hilts or. Source.

Griffin Arms. Sable, a griffin segreant argent beak and forelegs or. Source.

Peyton Arms. Sable, a cross engrailed or a mullet in the first quarter argent.

Hood Arms. Sable, on a fess argent between three leopards passant guardant or spotted of the field as many escallops gules. Source.

Ridgeway Arms. Sable, a pair of wings conjoined and elevated argent. Source.

The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy

The Gesta Normannorum Ducum [The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy] is a landmark medieval chronicle tracing the rise and fall of the Norman dynasty from its early roots through the pivotal events surrounding the Norman Conquest of England. Originally penned in Latin by the monk William of Jumièges shortly before 1060 and later expanded at the behest of William the Conqueror, the work chronicles the deeds, politics, battles, and leadership of the Norman dukes, especially William’s own claim to the English throne. The narrative combines earlier historical sources with firsthand information and oral testimony to present an authoritative account of Normandy’s transformation from a Viking settlement into one of medieval Europe’s most powerful realms. William’s history emphasizes the legitimacy, military prowess, and governance of the Norman line, framing their expansion, including the conquest of England, as both divinely sanctioned and noble in purpose. Later chroniclers such as Orderic Vitalis and Robert of Torigni continued the history, extending the coverage into the 12th century, providing broader context on ducal rule and its impact. Today this classic work remains a foundational source for understanding Norman identity, medieval statesmanship, and the historical forces that reshaped England and Western Europe between 800AD and 1100AD.

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Jermyn Arms. Sable, a crescent between two mullets in pale argent. Source.

Riley Arms. Sable, on a pile or three crosses formy fitchy at the foot sable. Source.

Rous Arms. Sable, a fess dancetté or between three crescents argent. Source.

Ayscough Arms. Sable, a fess or, between three asses passant argent, maned and unguled of the second. Source.

Segrave Arms. Sable, a lion rampant argent, crowned or.

Buller Arms. Sable, on a cross argent quarter pierced of the field four eagles displayed of the first. Source.

NO IMAGE. Sable, a fess cotised between three martlets or. Source.

Compton Arms. Sable a lion passant guardant or between three Esquire's Helmets argent. Source.

Spelman Arms. Sable, ten plates between two flaunches argent.

Foljambe Arms. Sable a bend between six escallops or.

Stourton Arms. Sable, a bend or between six fountains. Source.

Chronicle of Geoffrey le Baker of Swinbroke

Baker was a secular clerk from Swinbroke, now Swinbrook, an Oxfordshire village two miles east of Burford. His Chronicle describes the events of the period 1303-1356: Gaveston, Bannockburn, Boroughbridge, the murder of King Edward II, the Scottish Wars, Sluys, Crécy, the Black Death, Winchelsea and Poitiers. To quote Herbert Bruce 'it possesses a vigorous and characteristic style, and its value for particular events between 1303 and 1356 has been recognised by its editor and by subsequent writers'. The book provides remarkable detail about the events it describes. Baker's text has been augmented with hundreds of notes, including extracts from other contemporary chronicles, such as the Annales Londonienses, Annales Paulini, Murimuth, Lanercost, Avesbury, Guisborough and Froissart to enrich the reader's understanding. The translation takes as its source the 'Chronicon Galfridi le Baker de Swynebroke' published in 1889, edited by Edward Maunde Thompson.

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Hobart Arms. Sable, an estoile of six points or between two flaunches ermine.

Kitson Arms. Sable three fishes hauriant in fess argent a chief or. Source.

Bridgeman Arms. Sable, ten plates, four, three, two, and one, on a chief argent a lion passant ermines. Source

Hovell Arms. Sable, a crescent or.

Lascelles Arms. Sable a cross patoncé within a Bordure or. Source.

Greville Arms. Sable a cross in a border Engrailed or with five roundels sable on the cross. Source.

Vaughan Arms. Sable a chevron between three fleurs-de-lys argent. Source.

Chronicle of a Bourgeois of Valenciennes

Récits d’un bourgeois de Valenciennes aka The Chronicle of a Bourgeois of Valenciennes is a vivid 14th-century vernacular chronicle written by an anonymous urban chronicler from Valenciennes in the County of Hainaut. It survives in a manuscript that describes local and regional history from about 1253 to 1366, blending chronology, narrative episodes, and eyewitness-style accounts of political, military, and social events in medieval France, Flanders, and the Low Countries. The work begins with a chronological framework of events affecting Valenciennes and its region under rulers such as King Philip VI of France and the shifting allegiances of local nobility. It includes accounts of conflicts, sieges, diplomatic manoeuvres, and the impact of broader struggles like the Hundred Years’ War on urban life in Hainaut. Written from the perspective of a burgher (bourgeois) rather than a monastery or royal court, the chronicle offers a rare lay viewpoint on high politics and warfare, reflecting how merchants, townspeople, and civic institutions experienced the turbulence of the 13th and 14th centuries. Its narrative style combines straightforward reporting of events with moral and civic observations, making it a valuable source for readers interested in medieval urban society, regional politics, and the lived experience of war and governance in pre-modern Europe.

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Coventry Arms. Sable a fess between three crescents or. Source.