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The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy

The Gesta Normannorum Ducum [The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy] is a landmark medieval chronicle tracing the rise and fall of the Norman dynasty from its early roots through the pivotal events surrounding the Norman Conquest of England. Originally penned in Latin by the monk William of Jumièges shortly before 1060 and later expanded at the behest of William the Conqueror, the work chronicles the deeds, politics, battles, and leadership of the Norman dukes, especially William’s own claim to the English throne. The narrative combines earlier historical sources with firsthand information and oral testimony to present an authoritative account of Normandy’s transformation from a Viking settlement into one of medieval Europe’s most powerful realms. William’s history emphasizes the legitimacy, military prowess, and governance of the Norman line, framing their expansion, including the conquest of England, as both divinely sanctioned and noble in purpose. Later chroniclers such as Orderic Vitalis and Robert of Torigni continued the history, extending the coverage into the 12th century, providing broader context on ducal rule and its impact. Today this classic work remains a foundational source for understanding Norman identity, medieval statesmanship, and the historical forces that reshaped England and Western Europe between 800AD and 1100AD.

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Biography of Martin van Meytens 1695-1770

Martin van Meytens is in Painters.

On 24th June 1695 Martin van Meytens was born.

Before 23rd December 1762. Martin van Meytens (age 67). Portrait of Maria Johanna Gabriela of Austria (age 12).

Maria Johanna Gabriela of Austria: On 4th February 1750 she was born to Francis I Holy Roman Emperor and Maria Theresa Habsburg Spain Holy Roman Empress. On 23rd December 1762 Maria Johanna Gabriela of Austria died of smallpox.

Around 1765. Martin van Meytens (age 69). Portrait of Maria Amalia Duchess of Parma (age 18).

Maria Amalia Duchess of Parma: On 26th February 1746 she was born to Francis I Holy Roman Emperor and Maria Theresa Habsburg Spain Holy Roman Empress. On 19th July 1769 Ferdinand Duke of Parma and she were married. She the daughter of Francis I Holy Roman Emperor and Maria Theresa Habsburg Spain Holy Roman Empress. They were half second cousin twice removed. He a great x 4 grandson of King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland. She a great x 4 granddaughter of King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland. On 18th June 1804 Maria Amalia Duchess of Parma died.

1767. Martin van Meytens (age 71). Portrait of Queen Marie Antoinette of France (age 11).

On 23rd March 1770 Martin van Meytens (age 74) died.