Paternal Family Tree: Habsburg
Maternal Family Tree: Elisabeth of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel Holy Roman Empress 1691-1750
On 1st August 1708 [her father] Charles Habsburg Spain VI Holy Roman Emperor [aged 22] and [her mother] Elisabeth of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel Holy Roman Empress [aged 16] were married. He the son of [her grandfather] Leopold Habsburg Spain I Holy Roman Emperor and [her grandmother] Eleonore Magdalene of Neuburg [aged 53].
On 13th May 1717 Maria Theresa Habsburg Spain Holy Roman Empress was born to Charles Habsburg Spain VI Holy Roman Emperor [aged 31] and Elisabeth of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel Holy Roman Empress [aged 25].
1730. Rosalba Carrera [aged 56]. Portrait of Maria Theresa Habsburg Spain Holy Roman Empress [aged 12].
On 14th February 1736 Francis I Holy Roman Emperor [aged 27] and Maria Theresa Habsburg Spain Holy Roman Empress [aged 18] were married. She the daughter of Charles Habsburg Spain VI Holy Roman Emperor [aged 50] and Elisabeth of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel Holy Roman Empress [aged 44]. He the son of Leopold Duke of Lorraine and Élisabeth Charlotte Bourbon Duchess Lorraine [aged 59]. They were third cousins. He a great x 3 grandson of King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland.
On 5th March 1737 Charles Emmanuel III King Sardinia [aged 35] and [her sister-in-law] Elisabeth Therese Lorraine Queen Consort Sardinia [aged 25] were married. She by marriage Queen Consort Sardinia. She the daughter of Leopold Duke of Lorraine and [her mother-in-law] Élisabeth Charlotte Bourbon Duchess Lorraine [aged 60]. He the son of Victor Amadeus King Sardinia and Anne Marie Bourbon Queen Consort Sardinia. They were half first cousins. He a great grandson of King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland. She a great x 3 granddaughter of King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland.
On 20th October 1740 [her father] Charles Habsburg Spain VI Holy Roman Emperor [aged 55] died.
On 3rd July 1741 [her sister-in-law] Elisabeth Therese Lorraine Queen Consort Sardinia [aged 29] died.
On 13th May 1742 [her daughter] Maria Christina Duchess of Teschen was born to [her husband] Francis I Holy Roman Emperor [aged 33] and Maria Theresa Habsburg Spain Holy Roman Empress [aged 25]. She a great x 4 granddaughter of King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland. She married 1766 her second cousin Albert Casimir Duke of Teschen, son of Augustus III King Poland and Maria Josepha of Austria.
On 13th September 1745 [her husband] Francis I Holy Roman Emperor [aged 36] succeeded I Holy Roman Emperor. Maria Theresa Habsburg Spain Holy Roman Empress [aged 28] by marriage Holy Roman Empress.
The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy
The Gesta Normannorum Ducum [The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy] is a landmark medieval chronicle tracing the rise and fall of the Norman dynasty from its early roots through the pivotal events surrounding the Norman Conquest of England. Originally penned in Latin by the monk William of Jumièges shortly before 1060 and later expanded at the behest of William the Conqueror, the work chronicles the deeds, politics, battles, and leadership of the Norman dukes, especially William’s own claim to the English throne. The narrative combines earlier historical sources with firsthand information and oral testimony to present an authoritative account of Normandy’s transformation from a Viking settlement into one of medieval Europe’s most powerful realms. William’s history emphasizes the legitimacy, military prowess, and governance of the Norman line, framing their expansion, including the conquest of England, as both divinely sanctioned and noble in purpose. Later chroniclers such as Orderic Vitalis and Robert of Torigni continued the history, extending the coverage into the 12th century, providing broader context on ducal rule and its impact. Today this classic work remains a foundational source for understanding Norman identity, medieval statesmanship, and the historical forces that reshaped England and Western Europe between 800AD and 1100AD.
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On 26th February 1746 [her daughter] Maria Amalia Duchess of Parma was born to [her husband] Francis I Holy Roman Emperor [aged 37] and Maria Theresa Habsburg Spain Holy Roman Empress [aged 28]. She a great x 4 granddaughter of King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland. She married 19th July 1769 her half second cousin twice removed Ferdinand Duke of Parma, son of Infante Philip of Spain and Louise Elisabeth of France.
On 5th May 1747 [her son] Leopold II Holy Roman Emperor was born to [her husband] Francis I Holy Roman Emperor [aged 38] and Maria Theresa Habsburg Spain Holy Roman Empress [aged 29]. He a great x 4 grandson of King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland. He married 5th August 1765 his second cousin once removed Infanta Maria Luisa of Spain and had issue.
On 4th February 1750 [her daughter] Maria Johanna Gabriela of Austria was born to [her husband] Francis I Holy Roman Emperor [aged 41] and Maria Theresa Habsburg Spain Holy Roman Empress [aged 32]. She a great x 4 granddaughter of King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland.
On 21st December 1750 [her mother] Elisabeth of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel Holy Roman Empress [aged 59] died.
Letters of Horace Walpole. 27th July 1752. I am going to trouble you with a commission, my dear Sir, that will not subject me to any such humiliations. You may have heard that I am always piddling about ornaments and improvements for Strawberry Hill-I am now doing a great deal to the house-stay, I don't want Genoa damask!328 What I shall trouble you to buy is for the garden: there is a small recess, for which I should be glad to have an antique Roman sepulchral altar, of the kind of the pedestal to my eagle; but as it will stand out of doors, I should not desire to have it a fine one: a moderate one, I imagine, might be picked up easily at Rome at a moderate price: if you could order any body to buy such an one, I should be much obliged to you.
We have had an article in our papers that the Empress-queen [aged 35] had desired the King of France [aged 42] to let her have Mesdames de Craon [aged 66] and de la Calmette, ladies of great piety and birth, to form an academy for the young Archduchesses-is there any truth in this? is the Princess to triumph thus at last over Richcourt? I should be glad. What a comical genealogy in education! The mistress and mother of twenty children to Duke Leopold, being the pious tutoress to his grand-daughters! How the old [her mother-in-law] Duchess of Lorrain will shiver in her coffin at the thoughts of it? Who is la Calmette? Adieu! my dear child! You see my spirit of justice: when I have not writ to you for two months, I punish you with a reparation of six pages!-had not I better write one line every fortnight?
Note 328. Lord Cholmondoley [aged 49] borrowed great sums of money of various people, under the pretence of a quantity of Genoa damask being arrived for him, and that his banker was out of town, and he must pay for it immediately. Four persons comparing notes, produced four letters from him in a coffeehouse, in the very same words.
On 13th August 1752 [her daughter] Maria Caroline of Austria Queen Consort of Naples and Sicily was born to [her husband] Francis I Holy Roman Emperor [aged 43] and Maria Theresa Habsburg Spain Holy Roman Empress [aged 35]. She a great x 4 granddaughter of King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland. She married 1768 her second cousin once removed Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies and had issue.
On 1st June 1754 [her son] Archduke Ferdinand Karl of Austria-Este was born to [her husband] Francis I Holy Roman Emperor [aged 45] and Maria Theresa Habsburg Spain Holy Roman Empress [aged 37]. He a great x 4 grandson of King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland.
On 2nd November 1755 [her daughter] Queen Marie Antoinette of France was born to [her husband] Francis I Holy Roman Emperor [aged 46] and Maria Theresa Habsburg Spain Holy Roman Empress [aged 38]. She a great x 4 granddaughter of King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland. She married 16th May 1770 her second cousin once removed Louis XVI King France and had issue.
On 23rd December 1762 [her daughter] Maria Johanna Gabriela of Austria [aged 12] died of smallpox.
On 5th August 1765 Leopold II Holy Roman Emperor [aged 18] and Infanta Maria Luisa of Spain [aged 19] were married. She the daughter of Charles III King Spain [aged 49] and Maria Amalia of Saxony Queen Consort Spain. He the son of Francis I Holy Roman Emperor [aged 56] and Maria Theresa Habsburg Spain Holy Roman Empress [aged 48]. They were second cousin once removed. He a great x 4 grandson of King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland. She a great x 5 granddaughter of King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland.
The True Chronicles of Jean le Bel Volume 1 Chapters 1-60 1307-1342
The True Chronicles of Jean le Bel offer one of the most vivid and immediate accounts of 14th-century Europe, written by a knight who lived through the events he describes, and experienced some of them first hand. Covering the early decades of the Hundred Years’ War, this remarkable chronicle follows the campaigns of Edward III of England, the politics of France and the Low Countries, and the shifting alliances that shaped medieval warfare. Unlike later historians, Jean le Bel writes with a strong sense of eyewitness authenticity, drawing on personal experience and the testimony of fellow soldiers. His narrative captures not only battles and sieges, but also the realities of military life, diplomacy, and the ideals of chivalry that governed noble society. A key source for Jean Froissart, Le Bel’s chronicle stands on its own as a compelling and insightful work, at once historical record and literary achievement. This translation builds on the 1905 edition published in French by Jules Viard, adding extensive translations from other sources Rymer's Fœdera, the Chronicles of Adam Murimuth, William Nangis, Walter of Guisborough, a Bourgeois of Valenciennes, Geoffrey le Baker of Swinbroke and Richard Lescot to enrich the original text and Viard's notes.
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On 18th August 1765 [her husband] Francis I Holy Roman Emperor [aged 56] died.
In 1766 [her son-in-law] Albert Casimir Duke of Teschen [aged 27] and Maria Christina Duchess of Teschen [aged 23] were married. She the daughter of Francis I Holy Roman Emperor and Maria Theresa Habsburg Spain Holy Roman Empress [aged 48]. They were second cousins. He a great x 4 grandson of King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland. She a great x 4 granddaughter of King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland.
In 1768 [her son-in-law] Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies [aged 16] and Maria Caroline of Austria Queen Consort of Naples and Sicily [aged 15] were married. She the daughter of Francis I Holy Roman Emperor and Maria Theresa Habsburg Spain Holy Roman Empress [aged 50]. He the son of Charles III King Spain [aged 51] and Maria Amalia of Saxony Queen Consort Spain. They were second cousin once removed. He a great x 5 grandson of King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland. She a great x 4 granddaughter of King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland.
On 19th July 1769 [her son-in-law] Ferdinand Duke of Parma [aged 18] and Maria Amalia Duchess of Parma [aged 23] were married. She the daughter of Francis I Holy Roman Emperor and Maria Theresa Habsburg Spain Holy Roman Empress [aged 52]. They were half second cousin twice removed. He a great x 4 grandson of King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland. She a great x 4 granddaughter of King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland.
On 16th May 1770 [her son-in-law] Louis XVI King France [aged 15] and Queen Marie Antoinette of France [aged 14] were married. She the daughter of Francis I Holy Roman Emperor and Maria Theresa Habsburg Spain Holy Roman Empress [aged 53]. They were second cousin once removed. He a great x 4 grandson of King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland. She a great x 4 granddaughter of King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland.
On 29th November 1780 Maria Theresa Habsburg Spain Holy Roman Empress [aged 63] died.
Kings Wessex: Great x 20 Grand Daughter of King Edmund "Ironside" I of England
Kings Gwynedd: Great x 18 Grand Daughter of Owain "Great" King Gwynedd
Kings Seisyllwg: Great x 24 Grand Daughter of Hywel "Dda aka Good" King Seisyllwg King Deheubarth
Kings Powys: Great x 19 Grand Daughter of Maredudd ap Bleddyn King Powys
Kings Godwinson: Great x 19 Grand Daughter of King Harold II of England
Kings England: Great x 10 Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Kings Scotland: Great x 18 Grand Daughter of King Malcolm III of Scotland
Kings France: Great x 10 Grand Daughter of King John "The Good" II of France
Kings Duke Aquitaine: Great x 24 Grand Daughter of Ranulf I Duke Aquitaine
Kings Spain: Daughter of Charles Habsburg Spain VI Holy Roman Emperor
Great x 4 Grandfather: Ferdinand I Holy Roman Emperor Great Grandson of John II King Aragon
Great x 3 Grandfather: Charles Habsburg Spain II Archduke Austria 2 x Great Grandson of John II King Aragon
Great x 4 Grandmother: Anne Jagiellon 2 x Great Granddaughter of John II King Aragon
Great x 2 Grandfather: Ferdinand of Spain II Holy Roman Emperor 3 x Great Grandson of John II King Aragon
Great x 4 Grandfather: Albert V Wittelsbach V Duke Bavaria 
5 x Great Grandson of King Edward III of England
Great x 3 Grandmother: Maria Anna Wittelsbach 3 x Great Granddaughter of John II King Aragon
Great x 4 Grandmother: Anna Habsburg Spain Duchess Bavaria 2 x Great Granddaughter of John II King Aragon
Great x 1 Grandfather: Ferdinand III Holy Roman Emperor son of Ferdinand of Spain II Holy Roman Emperor
Great x 4 Grandfather: Albert V Wittelsbach V Duke Bavaria 5 x Great Grandson of King Edward III of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: William Wittelsbach V Duke Bavaria 3 x Great Grandson of John II King Aragon
Great x 4 Grandmother: Anna Habsburg Spain Duchess Bavaria 2 x Great Granddaughter of John II King Aragon
Great x 2 Grandmother: Maria Anna Wittelsbach Holy Roman Empress 4 x Great Granddaughter of John II King Aragon
Great x 4 Grandfather: Francis Lorraine I Duke Lorraine 4 x Great Grandson of King John "The Good" II of France
Great x 3 Grandmother: Renata Lorraine Duchess Bavaria 3 x Great Granddaughter of John II King Aragon
Great x 4 Grandmother: Christina Oldenburg Duchess Lorraine 
2 x Great Granddaughter of John II King Aragon
Grandfather: Leopold Habsburg Spain I Holy Roman Emperor son of Maria Anna of Spain Holy Roman Empress
Great x 4 Grandfather: Charles V Holy Roman Emperor -2 x Great Grandson of Charles V Holy Roman Emperor
Great x 3 Grandfather: Philip "The Prudent" II King Spain son of Charles V Holy Roman Emperor
Great x 4 Grandmother: Isabel Aviz Queen Consort Spain 
Great Granddaughter of John II King Aragon
Great x 2 Grandfather: Philip III King Spain son of Philip "The Prudent" II King Spain
Great x 4 Grandfather: Maximilian Habsburg Spain II Holy Roman Emperor 2 x Great Grandson of John II King Aragon
Great x 3 Grandmother: Anna of Austria Queen Consort Spain daughter of Maximilian Habsburg Spain II Holy Roman Emperor
Great x 4 Grandmother: Maria of Spain Holy Roman Empress daughter of Charles V Holy Roman Emperor
Great x 1 Grandmother: Maria Anna of Spain Holy Roman Empress daughter of Philip III King Spain
Great x 4 Grandfather: Ferdinand I Holy Roman Emperor Great Grandson of John II King Aragon
Great x 3 Grandfather: Charles Habsburg Spain II Archduke Austria 2 x Great Grandson of John II King Aragon
Great x 4 Grandmother: Anne Jagiellon 2 x Great Granddaughter of John II King Aragon
Great x 2 Grandmother: Margaret of Austria Queen Consort Spain 3 x Great Granddaughter of John II King Aragon
Great x 4 Grandfather: Albert V Wittelsbach V Duke Bavaria 5 x Great Grandson of King Edward III of England
Great x 3 Grandmother: Maria Anna Wittelsbach 3 x Great Granddaughter of John II King Aragon
Great x 4 Grandmother: Anna Habsburg Spain Duchess Bavaria 2 x Great Granddaughter of John II King Aragon
father: Charles Habsburg Spain VI Holy Roman Emperor son of Leopold Habsburg Spain I Holy Roman Emperor
Great x 4 Grandfather: Wolfgang Count Palatine of Zweibrücken 9 x Great Grandson of King Louis VIII of France
Great x 3 Grandfather: Philipp Ludwig Count Palatine of Neuburg 9 x Great Grandson of King Philip III of France
Great x 4 Grandmother: Anna of Hesse aka Cleves 8 x Great Granddaughter of King Philip III of France
Great x 2 Grandfather: Wolfgang Wilhelm Count Palatine of Neuburg 4 x Great Grandson of John II King Aragon
Great x 4 Grandfather: William de la Marck Duke of Jülich Cleves Berg 5 x Great Grandson of King John "The Good" II of France
Great x 3 Grandmother: Anna of Cleves 3 x Great Granddaughter of John II King Aragon
Great x 4 Grandmother: Maria Habsburg Spain Duchess Cleves 2 x Great Granddaughter of John II King Aragon
Great x 1 Grandfather: Philip William Elector Palatine 5 x Great Grandson of John II King Aragon
Grandmother: Eleonore Magdalene of Neuburg 6 x Great Granddaughter of John II King Aragon
Great x 4 Grandfather: Landgrave George I of Hesse Darmstadt 8 x Great Grandson of King Philip III of France
Great x 3 Grandfather: Landgrave Louis V of Hesse-Darmstadt 9 x Great Grandson of King Philip III of France
Great x 2 Grandfather: Landgrave George II of Hesse-Darmstadt 10 x Great Grandson of King Philip III of France
Great x 1 Grandmother: Elizabeth Amalie of Hesse Darmstadt 6 x Great Granddaughter of John II King Aragon
Great x 4 Grandfather: Christian Wettin I Elector Saxony 10 x Great Grandson of King Philip III of France
Great x 3 Grandfather: John George Elector Saxony 10 x Great Grandson of King Philip III of France
Great x 4 Grandmother: Sophie of Brandenburg 9 x Great Granddaughter of King Philip III of France
Great x 2 Grandmother: Sophie Eleonore of Saxony 5 x Great Granddaughter of John II King Aragon
Great x 4 Grandfather: Albert Frederick Hohenzollern Duke Prussia 8 x Great Grandson of King Philip III of France
Great x 3 Grandmother: Magdalene Sibylle of Prussia 4 x Great Granddaughter of John II King Aragon
Great x 4 Grandmother: Marie Eleonore de la Marck 3 x Great Granddaughter of John II King Aragon
Maria Theresa Habsburg Spain Holy Roman Empress daughter of Charles Habsburg Spain VI Holy Roman Emperor
Great x 4 Grandfather: Ernest I Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg 10 x Great Grandson of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: Henry Duke of Brunswick-Dannenberg 11 x Great Grandson of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Sophie of Mecklenburg
Great x 2 Grandfather: Augustus II Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg 12 x Great Grandson of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 1 Grandfather: Anthony Ulrich Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg 13 x Great Grandson of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Grandfather: Louis Rudolph 14 x Great Grandson of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
mother: Elisabeth of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel Holy Roman Empress 15 x Great Granddaughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England