The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy
The Gesta Normannorum Ducum [The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy] is a landmark medieval chronicle tracing the rise and fall of the Norman dynasty from its early roots through the pivotal events surrounding the Norman Conquest of England. Originally penned in Latin by the monk William of Jumièges shortly before 1060 and later expanded at the behest of William the Conqueror, the work chronicles the deeds, politics, battles, and leadership of the Norman dukes, especially William’s own claim to the English throne. The narrative combines earlier historical sources with firsthand information and oral testimony to present an authoritative account of Normandy’s transformation from a Viking settlement into one of medieval Europe’s most powerful realms. William’s history emphasizes the legitimacy, military prowess, and governance of the Norman line, framing their expansion, including the conquest of England, as both divinely sanctioned and noble in purpose. Later chroniclers such as Orderic Vitalis and Robert of Torigni continued the history, extending the coverage into the 12th century, providing broader context on ducal rule and its impact. Today this classic work remains a foundational source for understanding Norman identity, medieval statesmanship, and the historical forces that reshaped England and Western Europe between 800AD and 1100AD.
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Paternal Family Tree: Campbell
Maternal Family Tree: Anne Pakenham 1485-1544
On 13th May 1650 [his father] Archibald Campbell 9th Earl Argyll [aged 21] and [his mother] Mary Stewart Countess Argyll [aged 22] were married at Canongate Kirk, Canongate. She the daughter of [his grandfather] James Stewart 4th Earl of Moray [aged 39] and [his grandmother] Margaret Home Countess Moray. He the son of Archibald Campbell 1st Marquess Argyll [aged 43] and Margaret Douglas Marchioness Argyll [aged 40]. They were half second cousin once removed. She a great x 5 granddaughter of King Henry VII of England and Ireland.
On 25th July 1658 Archibald Campbell 1st Duke Argyll was born to Archibald Campbell 9th Earl Argyll [aged 29] and Mary Stewart Countess Argyll [aged 30].
In October 1663 [his father] Archibald Campbell 9th Earl Argyll [aged 34] succeeded 9th Earl Argyll. [his mother] Mary Stewart Countess Argyll [aged 35] by marriage Countess Argyll.
In May 1668 [his mother] Mary Stewart Countess Argyll [aged 40] died.
On 12th March 1678 Archibald Campbell 1st Duke Argyll [aged 19] and Elizabeth Tollemache Duchess Argyll [aged 18] were married. She the daughter of Lionel Tollemache 3rd Baronet and Elizabeth Murray Duchess Lauderdale [aged 51]. He the son of Archibald Campbell 9th Earl Argyll [aged 49] and Mary Stewart Countess Argyll. They were sixth cousins.
On 30th September 1680 [his brother-in-law] Lionel Tollemache 3rd Earl Dysart [aged 31] and Grace Wilbraham Countess Dysart [aged 19] were married. She by marriage Countess Dysart. He the son of Lionel Tollemache 3rd Baronet and [his mother-in-law] Elizabeth Murray Duchess Lauderdale [aged 54].
On 10th October 1680 [his son] John Campbell 2nd Duke Argyll was born to Archibald Campbell 1st Duke Argyll [aged 22] and [his wife] Elizabeth Tollemache Duchess Argyll [aged 21] at Ham House, Richmond, Surrey. He married (1) 1701 Mary Duncombe Duchess of Argyll (2) 6th June 1717 Jane Warburton Duchess of Argyll and had issue.
In June 1682 [his son] Archibald Campbell 3rd Duke Argyll was born to Archibald Campbell 1st Duke Argyll [aged 23] and [his wife] Elizabeth Tollemache Duchess Argyll [aged 22].
On 30th June 1685 [his father] Archibald Campbell 9th Earl Argyll [aged 56] was beheaded on the Maiden (an early gullotine) in Edinburgh for his part in Argyll's Rising. His son Archibald [aged 26] succeeded 10th Earl Argyll. [his wife] Elizabeth Tollemache Duchess Argyll [aged 25] by marriage Countess Argyll.
Before 1686 [his daughter] Anne Campbell Countess Bute was born to Archibald Campbell 1st Duke Argyll [aged 27] and [his wife] Elizabeth Tollemache Duchess Argyll [aged 26]. She married February 1711 James Stuart 2nd Earl Bute, son of James Stuart 1st Earl Bute, and had issue.
On 2nd June 1690 [his son] Margaret Campbell was born to Archibald Campbell 1st Duke Argyll [aged 31] and [his wife] Elizabeth Tollemache Duchess Argyll [aged 30].
Chronicle of a Bourgeois of Valenciennes
Récits d’un bourgeois de Valenciennes aka The Chronicle of a Bourgeois of Valenciennes is a vivid 14th-century vernacular chronicle written by an anonymous urban chronicler from Valenciennes in the County of Hainaut. It survives in a manuscript that describes local and regional history from about 1253 to 1366, blending chronology, narrative episodes, and eyewitness-style accounts of political, military, and social events in medieval France, Flanders, and the Low Countries. The work begins with a chronological framework of events affecting Valenciennes and its region under rulers such as King Philip VI of France and the shifting allegiances of local nobility. It includes accounts of conflicts, sieges, diplomatic manoeuvres, and the impact of broader struggles like the Hundred Years’ War on urban life in Hainaut. Written from the perspective of a burgher (bourgeois) rather than a monastery or royal court, the chronicle offers a rare lay viewpoint on high politics and warfare, reflecting how merchants, townspeople, and civic institutions experienced the turbulence of the 13th and 14th centuries. Its narrative style combines straightforward reporting of events with moral and civic observations, making it a valuable source for readers interested in medieval urban society, regional politics, and the lived experience of war and governance in pre-modern Europe.
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John Evelyn's Diary. 20th December 1690. Dr. Hough [aged 39], President of Magdalen College, Oxford, who was displaced with several of the Fellows for not taking the oath imposed by King James, now made a Bishop. Most of this month cold and frost. One Johnson [aged 42], a Knight, was executed at Tyburn [Map] for being an accomplice with Campbell [aged 30], brother to Lord Argyle [aged 32], in stealing a young heiress [aged 13].1
Note 1. This execution occurred on the 23rd December 1690.
On 5th June 1698 [his mother-in-law] Elizabeth Murray Duchess Lauderdale [aged 71] died at Ham House, Richmond, Surrey. She was buried at Church of St Peter Petersham, Surrey. Her son [his brother-in-law] Lionel [aged 49] succeeded 3rd Earl Dysart.
In 1701 Archibald Campbell 1st Duke Argyll [aged 42] was created 1st Duke Argyll. [his wife] Elizabeth Tollemache Duchess Argyll [aged 41] by marriage Duchess Argyll.
In 1701 John Campbell 2nd Duke Argyll [aged 20] and Mary Duncombe Duchess of Argyll [aged 16] were married. She left him soon after the marriage. He the son of Archibald Campbell 1st Duke Argyll [aged 42] and Elizabeth Tollemache Duchess Argyll [aged 41].
On 25th September 1703 Archibald Campbell 1st Duke Argyll [aged 45] died. His son John [aged 22] succeeded 2nd Duke Argyll. Mary Duncombe Duchess of Argyll [aged 18] by marriage Duchess Argyll.
On 9th May 1735 [his former wife] Elizabeth Tollemache Duchess Argyll [aged 75] died.
Kings Wessex: Great x 19 Grand Son of King Edmund "Ironside" I of England
Kings Gwynedd: Great x 15 Grand Son of Owain "Great" King Gwynedd
Kings Seisyllwg: Great x 21 Grand Son of Hywel "Dda aka Good" King Seisyllwg King Deheubarth
Kings Powys: Great x 16 Grand Son of Maredudd ap Bleddyn King Powys
Kings Godwinson: Great x 20 Grand Son of King Harold II of England
Kings England: Great x 6 Grand Son of King Henry VII of England and Ireland
Kings Scotland: Great x 18 Grand Son of King Duncan I of Scotland
Kings Franks: Great x 26 Grand Son of Charles "Charlemagne aka Great" King of the Franks King Lombardy Holy Roman Emperor
Kings France: Great x 9 Grand Son of Charles "Beloved Mad" VI King France
Kings Duke Aquitaine: Great x 24 Grand Son of Ranulf I Duke Aquitaine
Great x 4 Grandfather: Colin Campbell 3rd Earl Argyll 9 x Great Grand Son of King John of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: Archibald Campbell 4th Earl Argyll 5 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Jean or Janet Gordon Countess Argyll 4 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 2 Grandfather: Colin Campbell 6th Earl Argyll 6 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: William Graham 3rd Earl Menteith 
8 x Great Grand Son of King John of England
Great x 3 Grandmother: Margaret Graham Countess Argyll 9 x Great Grand Daughter of King John of England
Great x 1 Grandfather: Archibald Campbell 7th Earl Argyll 7 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Robert Keith Master of Marischal
Great x 3 Grandfather: William Keith 4th Earl Marischal 5 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Elizabeth Douglas 4 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 2 Grandmother: Agnes Keith Countess Moray and Mar 6 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: William Keith of Inverugie
Great x 3 Grandmother: Margaret Keith Countess Marischal 11 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Janet Gray Lady Wemyss 10 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
GrandFather: Archibald Campbell 1st Marquess Argyll 8 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Thomas Douglas
Great x 3 Grandfather: Robert Douglas
Great x 4 Grandmother: Elizabeth Boyd
Great x 2 Grandfather: William Douglas 6th Earl Morton 11 x Great Grand Son of King John of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: John Erskine 17th Earl of Mar 9 x Great Grand Son of King John of England
Great x 3 Grandmother: Margaret Erskine 10 x Great Grand Daughter of King John of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Margaret Campbell Countess Mar 9 x Great Grand Daughter of King John of England
Great x 1 Grandmother: Agnes Douglas Countess Argyll 12 x Great Grand Daughter of King John of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: George Leslie 4th Earl Rothes 
Great x 2 Grandmother: Agnes Leslie Countess Morton
Father: Archibald Campbell 9th Earl Argyll 9 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Robert Douglas
Great x 3 Grandfather: William Douglas 6th Earl Morton 11 x Great Grand Son of King John of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Margaret Erskine 10 x Great Grand Daughter of King John of England
Great x 2 Grandfather: Robert Douglas Master of Morton 12 x Great Grand Son of King John of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: George Leslie 4th Earl Rothes
Great x 3 Grandmother: Agnes Leslie Countess Morton
Great x 1 Grandfather: William Douglas 7th Earl Morton 8 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: John 7th Lord Glamis Lyon 10 x Great Grand Son of King John of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: John Lyon 8th Lord Glamis 6 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Janet Keith 5 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 2 Grandmother: Jean Lyon Countess Angus and Morton 7 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: William Abernethy 5th Lord Saltoun
Great x 3 Grandmother: Elizabeth Abernethy 10 x Great Grand Daughter of King John of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Elizabeth Hay 
9 x Great Grand Daughter of King John of England
GrandMother: Margaret Douglas Marchioness Argyll 9 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: William Keith 4th Earl Marischal 5 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: William Keith Master of Marischal 6 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Margaret Keith Countess Marischal 11 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 2 Grandfather: George Keith 5th Earl Marischal 7 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: George Hay 7th Earl Erroll 5 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 3 Grandmother: Elizabeth Hay 6 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Margaret Robertson Countess Erroll
Great x 1 Grandmother: Anne Keith Countess Morton 8 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: George Home 4th Lord Home
Great x 3 Grandfather: Alexander Home 5th Lord Home
Great x 2 Grandmother: Margaret Home Countess Marischal
Archibald Campbell 1st Duke Argyll 6 x Great Grand Son of King Henry VII of England and Ireland
Great x 4 Grandfather: James Stewart of Beath 
9 x Great Grand Son of King John of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: James Stewart 1st Lord Doune 9 x Great Grand Son of King John of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Margaret Lindsay 8 x Great Grand Daughter of King John of England
Great x 2 Grandfather: James "The Bonnie Earl" Stewart 2nd Earl of Moray 7 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Archibald Campbell 4th Earl Argyll 5 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 3 Grandmother: Margaret Campbell 6 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Margaret Graham Countess Argyll 9 x Great Grand Daughter of King John of England
Great x 1 Grandfather: James Stewart 3rd Earl of Moray 3 x Great Grand Son of King Henry VII of England and Ireland
Great x 4 Grandfather: King James V of Scotland Grand Son of King Henry VII of England and Ireland
Great x 3 Grandfather: James Stewart 1st Earl of Moray Regent Great Grand Son of King Henry VII of England and Ireland
Great x 4 Grandmother: Margaret Erskine 10 x Great Grand Daughter of King John of England
Great x 2 Grandmother: Elizabeth Stewart 2nd Countess Moray 2 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry VII of England and Ireland
Great x 4 Grandfather: William Keith 4th Earl Marischal 5 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 3 Grandmother: Agnes Keith Countess Moray and Mar 6 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Margaret Keith Countess Marischal 11 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
GrandFather: James Stewart 4th Earl of Moray 4 x Great Grand Son of King Henry VII of England and Ireland
Great x 4 Grandfather: George Gordon 4th Earl Huntley 5 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: George Gordon 5th Earl Huntley 6 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 2 Grandfather: George Gordon 1st Marquess Huntly 7 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: James Hamilton 2nd Earl Arran 5 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 3 Grandmother: Anne Hamilton Countess Huntley 6 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Margaret Douglas Duchess Châtellerault 5 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 1 Grandmother: Anne Gordon Countess Moray 7 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: John Stewart Duke Orkney 
4 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: Esme Stewart 1st Duke Lennox 5 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Anne Queuille Lady Aubigny
Great x 2 Grandmother: Henrietta Stewart Marchioness Huntly 
6 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 3 Grandmother: Catherine Balsac Duchess Lennox
Mother: Mary Stewart Countess Argyll 5 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry VII of England and Ireland
Great x 4 Grandfather: Alexander Home 2nd Lord Home
Great x 3 Grandfather: George Home 4th Lord Home
Great x 2 Grandfather: Alexander Home 5th Lord Home
Great x 1 Grandfather: Alexander Home 1st Earl of Home
GrandMother: Margaret Home Countess Moray 8 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: John Sutton 3rd Baron Dudley 
6 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: Edward Sutton 4th Baron Dudley 5 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Cecily Grey Baroness Dudley 
4 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 2 Grandfather: Edward Dudley 5th Baron Dudley 6 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: John Brydges 1st Baron Chandos
Great x 3 Grandmother: Katherine Brydges Baroness Dudley 6 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Elizabeth Grey Baroness Chandos 5 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 1 Grandmother: Mary Dudley Countess Home 7 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: John Alexander Harrington 
Great x 3 Grandfather: James Harrington
Great x 4 Grandmother: Elizabeth Moton
Great x 2 Grandmother: Theodosia Harrington Baroness Dudley
Great x 4 Grandfather: William Sidney 
Great x 3 Grandmother: Lucy Sidney
Great x 4 Grandmother: Anne Pakenham