Memoires of Jacques du Clercq

This is a translation of the 'Memoires of Jacques du Clercq', published in 1823 in two volumes, edited by Frederic, Baron de Reissenberg. In his introduction Reissenberg writes: 'Jacques du Clercq tells us that he was born in 1424, and that he was a licentiate in law and a counsellor to Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy, in the castellany of Douai, Lille, and Orchies. It appears that he established his residence at Arras. In 1446, he married the daughter of Baldwin de la Lacherie, a gentleman who lived in Lille. We read in the fifth book of his Memoirs that his father, also named Jacques du Clercq, had married a lady of the Le Camelin family, from Compiègne. His ancestors, always attached to the counts of Flanders, had constantly served them, whether in their councils or in their armies.' The Memoires cover a period of nineteen years beginning in in 1448, ending in in 1467. It appears that the author had intended to extend the Memoirs beyond that date; no doubt illness or death prevented him from carrying out this plan. As Reissenberg writes the 'merit of this work lies in the simplicity of its narrative, in its tone of good faith, and in a certain air of frankness which naturally wins the reader’s confidence.' Du Clercq ranges from events of national and international importance, including events of the Wars of the Roses in England, to simple, everyday local events such as marriages, robberies, murders, trials and deaths, including that of his own father in Book 5; one of his last entries.

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Biography of King Robert II of Scotland 1316-1390

Paternal Family Tree: Stewart

Maternal Family Tree: Ettiennette Countess Burgundy

Descendants Family Tree: King Robert II of Scotland 1316-1390

1332 Battle of Annan Moor

1371 Death of David II of Scotland

1371 Coronation of King Robert II of Scotland

In 1315 [his father] Walter Stewart 6th High Steward [aged 19] and [his mother] Marjorie Bruce [aged 19] were married. She the daughter of [his grandfather] King Robert the Bruce I of Scotland [aged 40] and [his grandmother] Isabella Mar. They were second cousin once removed. She a great x 2 granddaughter of King John of England.

After 1316 [his father] Walter Stewart 6th High Steward [aged 20] and [his step-mother] Isabel Graham of Abercorn [aged 18] were married.

On 2nd March 1316 King Robert II of Scotland was born to [his father] Walter Stewart 6th High Steward [aged 20] and Marjorie Bruce [aged 20] at Paisley Abbey. His mother Marjorie Bruce died in childbirth. He a great x 3 grandson of King John of England.

On 9th April 1327 [his father] Walter Stewart 6th High Steward [aged 31] died.

Battle of Annan Moor

On 16th December 1332 the Battle of Annan Moor was fought between the supporters of the seven year old [his uncle] King David II of Scotland [aged 8], son of [his grandfather] King Robert the Bruce I of Scotland, and the supporters of King Edward I of Scotland [aged 49], supported by the English. The Bruce army, led by, Archibald Douglas [aged 34], supported by John Randolph 3rd Earl of Moray [aged 26] and King Robert II of Scotland [aged 16] surprised King Edward I of Scotland and his supporters at Annan and threw them out of Scotland.

In 1336 King Robert II of Scotland [aged 19] and Elizabeth Mure Queen Consort Scotland were married. She by marriage Queen Consort Scotland. She had been his mistress for a number of years.

Around 1337 [his son] King Robert III of Scotland was born to King Robert II of Scotland [aged 20] and [his wife] Elizabeth Mure Queen Consort Scotland. He a great x 4 grandson of King John of England. He married 1367 Annabella Drummond Queen Consort Scotland and had issue.

Around 1338 [his son] Walter Stewart was born to King Robert II of Scotland [aged 21] and [his wife] Elizabeth Mure Queen Consort Scotland. He a great x 4 grandson of King John of England. He married his fourth cousin Isabella Fife, daughter of Duncan Fife 4th Earl Fife.

In 1339 King Robert II of Scotland [aged 22] and [his wife] Elizabeth Mure Queen Consort Scotland were married again, their original marriage was regarded as uncanonical, following receipt of a papal dispensation dated 22 Nov 1347.

Around 1340 [his son] Robert Stewart 1st Duke Albany was born to King Robert II of Scotland [aged 23] and [his wife] Elizabeth Mure Queen Consort Scotland at Dundonald Castle, Dundonald. He a great x 4 grandson of King John of England. He married (1) 28th September 1361 his fourth cousin once removed Margaret Graham 3rd Countess Menteith, daughter of John Graham Earl Menteith and Margaret Graham 2nd Countess Menteith and Mar, and had issue (2) 1381 Muriella Keith Duchess Albany and had issue.

Around 1343 [his son] Alexander "The Wolf of Badenoch" Stewart 3rd Earl Buchan was born to King Robert II of Scotland [aged 26] and [his wife] Elizabeth Mure Queen Consort Scotland. He a great x 4 grandson of King John of England. He married (1) 24th February 1382 his second cousin once removed Euphemia 6th Countess of Ross, daughter of William 5th Earl Ross.

Chronicle of Geoffrey le Baker of Swinbroke

Baker was a secular clerk from Swinbroke, now Swinbrook, an Oxfordshire village two miles east of Burford. His Chronicle describes the events of the period 1303-1356: Gaveston, Bannockburn, Boroughbridge, the murder of King Edward II, the Scottish Wars, Sluys, Crécy, the Black Death, Winchelsea and Poitiers. To quote Herbert Bruce 'it possesses a vigorous and characteristic style, and its value for particular events between 1303 and 1356 has been recognised by its editor and by subsequent writers'. The book provides remarkable detail about the events it describes. Baker's text has been augmented with hundreds of notes, including extracts from other contemporary chronicles, such as the Annales Londonienses, Annales Paulini, Murimuth, Lanercost, Avesbury, Guisborough and Froissart to enrich the reader's understanding. The translation takes as its source the 'Chronicon Galfridi le Baker de Swynebroke' published in 1889, edited by Edward Maunde Thompson.

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Around 1348 [his daughter] Marjorie Stewart Countess Moray was born to King Robert II of Scotland [aged 31] and [his wife] Elizabeth Mure Queen Consort Scotland. She a great x 4 granddaughter of King John of England. She married (1) before 1371 her half third cousin John Dunbar 1st Earl of Moray, son of Patrick Dunbar 9th Earl March and Agnes "Black Agnes" Randolph Countess March, and had issue (2) 15th February 1390 Alexander Keith and had issue.

Around 1350 [his daughter] Elizabeth Stewart was born to King Robert II of Scotland [aged 33] and [his wife] Elizabeth Mure Queen Consort Scotland. She a great x 4 granddaughter of King John of England. She married before 7th November 1372 Thomas Hay 7th Baron Erroll and had issue.

In 1350 [his daughter] Princess Johanna aka Jean Stewart was born to King Robert II of Scotland [aged 33] and [his wife] Elizabeth Mure Queen Consort Scotland. She a great x 4 granddaughter of King John of England. She married (1) before 27th December 1375 John Keith (2) 1376 John Lyon Lord of Glamis and had issue.

Before May 1355 [his wife] Elizabeth Mure Queen Consort Scotland died.

Around 1356 King Robert II of Scotland [aged 39] and Euphemia Ross Queen Consort Scotland were married. She by marriage Queen Consort Scotland. She the daughter of Hugh 4th Earl Ross and Margaret Graham Countess Ross.

Around 1356 [his son] David Stewart 3rd Earl Strathearn 1st Earl Caithness was born to King Robert II of Scotland [aged 39] and [his wife] Euphemia Ross Queen Consort Scotland. He a great x 4 grandson of King John of England. He married before March 1386 Eupheme Lindsay Countess Strathearn Caithness and had issue.

In 1360 [his illegitimate son] John Stewart was born illegitimately to King Robert II of Scotland [aged 43] and Moira Leitch. He a great x 4 grandson of King John of England.

Around 1360 [his son] Walter Stewart 1st Earl Atholl 3rd Earl Caithness was born to King Robert II of Scotland [aged 43] and [his wife] Euphemia Ross Queen Consort Scotland. He a great x 4 grandson of King John of England.

On 28th September 1361 Robert Stewart 1st Duke Albany [aged 21] and Margaret Graham 3rd Countess Menteith [aged 27] were married. He by marriage Earl Menteith. See Dispensation. She the daughter of John Graham Earl Menteith and Margaret Graham 2nd Countess Menteith and Mar. He the son of King Robert II of Scotland [aged 45] and Elizabeth Mure Queen Consort Scotland. They were fourth cousin once removed. He a great x 4 grandson of King John of England.

In 1362 [his daughter] Elizabeth Stewart Countess Crawford was born to King Robert II of Scotland [aged 45] and [his wife] Euphemia Ross Queen Consort Scotland at Dundonald Castle. She a great x 4 granddaughter of King John of England. She married before 1387 her half first cousin once removed David Lindsay 1st Earl Crawford and had issue.

Jean de Waurin's Chronicle of England Volume 6 Books 3-6: The Wars of the Roses

Jean de Waurin was a French Chronicler, from the Artois region, who was born around 1400, and died around 1474. Waurin’s Chronicle of England, Volume 6, covering the period 1450 to 1471, from which we have selected and translated Chapters relating to the Wars of the Roses, provides a vivid, original, contemporary description of key events some of which he witnessed first-hand, some of which he was told by the key people involved with whom Waurin had a personal relationship.

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In 1362 [his son] Walter Stewart [aged 24] died.

Around 1367 King Robert III of Scotland [aged 30] and Annabella Drummond Queen Consort Scotland [aged 17] were married. He the son of King Robert II of Scotland [aged 50] and Elizabeth Mure Queen Consort Scotland.

Around 1368 [his daughter] Princess Egidia Stewart was born to King Robert II of Scotland [aged 51] and [his wife] Euphemia Ross Queen Consort Scotland. She a great x 4 granddaughter of King John of England. She married 1387 her third cousin William "Nithsdale" Douglas, son of Archibald "Grim" Douglas 3rd Earl Douglas, and had issue.

Before 1371 [his son-in-law] John Dunbar 1st Earl of Moray [aged 28] and Marjorie Stewart Countess Moray [aged 22] were married. She the daughter of King Robert II of Scotland [aged 54] and Elizabeth Mure Queen Consort Scotland. He the son of Patrick Dunbar 9th Earl March and Agnes "Black Agnes" Randolph Countess March. They were half third cousins. She a great x 4 granddaughter of King John of England.

Death of David II of Scotland

On 22nd February 1371 [his uncle] King David II of Scotland [aged 46] died without issue at Edinburgh Castle [Map]. He was buried at Holyrood Abbey [Map]. His nephew Robert [aged 54] succeeded II King Scotland. He, David, was the last of the male line of the House of Bruce. Robert, the first of the House of Stewart, being the son of his sister [his mother] Marjorie Bruce who had married [his father] Walter Stewart 6th High Steward.

Coronation of King Robert II of Scotland

On 26th March 1371 King Robert II of Scotland [aged 55] was crowned King Scotland.

His son David Stewart 3rd Earl Strathearn 1st Earl Caithness [aged 15] was created 1st Earl Strathearn on the same day.

Before 7th November 1372 [his son-in-law] Thomas Hay 7th Baron Erroll [aged 30] and Elizabeth Stewart [aged 22] were married. She the daughter of King Robert II of Scotland [aged 56] and Elizabeth Mure Queen Consort Scotland.

Before 27th December 1375 [his son-in-law] John Keith [aged 24] and Princess Johanna aka Jean Stewart [aged 25] were married. She the daughter of King Robert II of Scotland [aged 59] and Elizabeth Mure Queen Consort Scotland.

In 1376 [his son-in-law] John Lyon Lord of Glamis [aged 36] and Princess Johanna aka Jean Stewart [aged 26] were married. She the daughter of King Robert II of Scotland [aged 59] and Elizabeth Mure Queen Consort Scotland.

In 1381 Robert Stewart 1st Duke Albany [aged 41] and Muriella Keith Duchess Albany [aged 23] were married. He the son of King Robert II of Scotland [aged 64] and Elizabeth Mure Queen Consort Scotland.

On 24 or 25th February 1382 Alexander "The Wolf of Badenoch" Stewart 3rd Earl Buchan [aged 39] and Euphemia 6th Countess of Ross were married. He by marriage Earl Ross. She the daughter of William 5th Earl Ross. He the son of King Robert II of Scotland [aged 65] and Elizabeth Mure Queen Consort Scotland. They were second cousin once removed. He a great x 4 grandson of King John of England.

Before March 1386 David Stewart 3rd Earl Strathearn 1st Earl Caithness [aged 30] and Eupheme Lindsay Countess Strathearn Caithness [aged 24] were married. She by marriage Countess Caithness. He the son of King Robert II of Scotland [aged 69] and Euphemia Ross Queen Consort Scotland.

Anne Boleyn. Her Life as told by Lancelot de Carle's 1536 Letter.

In 1536, two weeks after the execution of Anne Boleyn, her brother George and four others, Lancelot du Carle, wrote an extraordinary letter that described Anne's life, and her trial and execution, to which he was a witness. This book presents a new translation of that letter, with additional material from other contemporary sources such as Letters, Hall's and Wriothesley's Chronicles, the pamphlets of Wynkyn the Worde, the Memorial of George Constantyne, the Portuguese Letter and the Baga de Secrets, all of which are provided in Appendices.

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Around March 1386 [his son] David Stewart 3rd Earl Strathearn 1st Earl Caithness [aged 30] died. His daughter [his granddaughter] Eupheme succeeded 2nd Countess Strathearn, 2nd Countess Caithness.

Before 1387 [his son-in-law] David Lindsay 1st Earl Crawford [aged 26] and Elizabeth Stewart Countess Crawford [aged 24] were married. She the daughter of King Robert II of Scotland [aged 70] and Euphemia Ross Queen Consort Scotland. They were half first cousin once removed. She a great x 4 granddaughter of King John of England.

In 1387 [his son-in-law] William "Nithsdale" Douglas [aged 23] and Princess Egidia Stewart [aged 19] were married. She the daughter of King Robert II of Scotland [aged 70] and Euphemia Ross Queen Consort Scotland. He the illegitmate son of Archibald "Grim" Douglas 3rd Earl Douglas [aged 57]. They were third cousins. She a great x 4 granddaughter of King John of England.

Around 1388 [his daughter] Princess Egidia Stewart [aged 20] died.

In 1389 [his daughter] Elizabeth Stewart [aged 39] died.

On 15th February 1390 [his son-in-law] Alexander Keith [aged 50] and Marjorie Stewart Countess Moray [aged 42] were married. She the daughter of King Robert II of Scotland [aged 73] and Elizabeth Mure Queen Consort Scotland.

On 19th April 1390 King Robert II of Scotland [aged 74] died at Dundonald Castle, Dundonald. He was buried at Scone Abbey [Map]. His son Robert [aged 53] succeeded III King Scotland. Annabella Drummond Queen Consort Scotland [aged 40] by marriage Queen Consort Scotland. His son David succeeded 3rd Earl Strathearn.

In 1398 [his son-in-law] David Lindsay 1st Earl Crawford [aged 38] was created 1st Earl Crawford by King Robert II of Scotland (his wife's father) who also gave him Crawford Castle, Crawford. [his daughter] Elizabeth Stewart Countess Crawford [aged 36] by marriage Countess Crawford.

John Randolph 3rd Earl of Moray and Euphemia Ross Queen Consort Scotland were married. She by marriage Countess Moray. She the daughter of Hugh 4th Earl Ross and Margaret Graham Countess Ross. He the son of Thomas Randolph 1st Earl of Moray and Isabella Stewart Countess Moray.

[his son] John Stewart was born to King Robert II of Scotland. He a great x 4 grandson of King John of England.

Chronicle of Abbot Ralph of Coggeshall

The Chronicle of Abbot Ralph of Coggeshall (Chronicon Anglicanum) is an indispensable medieval history that brings to life centuries of English and European affairs through the eyes of a learned Cistercian monk. Ralph of Coggeshall, abbot of the Abbey of Coggeshall in Essex in the early 13th century, continued and expanded his community’s chronicle, documenting events from the Norman Conquest of 1066 into the tumultuous reign of King Henry III. Blending eyewitness testimony, careful compilation, and the monastic commitment to record-keeping, this chronicle offers a rare narrative of political intrigue, royal power struggles, and social upheaval in England and beyond. Ralph’s work captures the reigns of pivotal figures such as Richard I and King John, providing invaluable insights into their characters, decisions, and the forces that shaped medieval rule. More than a simple annal, Chronicon Anglicanum conveys the texture of medieval life and governance, making it a rich source for scholars and readers fascinated by English history, monastic authorship, and the shaping of the medieval world.

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[his illegitimate son] Walter Stewart was born illegitimately to King Robert II of Scotland and Mariota Cardeny. He a great x 4 grandson of King John of England.

[his daughter] Maria Stewart was born to King Robert II of Scotland. She a great x 4 granddaughter of King John of England.

[his illegitimate son] James Stewart was born illegitimately to King Robert II of Scotland and Mariota Cardeny. He a great x 4 grandson of King John of England.

[his son] James Stewart was born to King Robert II of Scotland. He a great x 4 grandson of King John of England.

[his illegitimate son] John Stewart Cardeny Stewart was born illegitimately to King Robert II of Scotland and Mariota Cardeny. He a great x 4 grandson of King John of England.

[his son] Alexander Stewart was born to King Robert II of Scotland. He a great x 4 grandson of King John of England.

[his illegitimate son] Alexander Inverlunan Stewart was born illegitimately to King Robert II of Scotland and Mariota Cardeny. He a great x 4 grandson of King John of England.

[his son] Thomas Stewart was born to King Robert II of Scotland. He a great x 4 grandson of King John of England.

[his son] Alexander Canon Glasgow Stewart was born to King Robert II of Scotland. He a great x 4 grandson of King John of England.

[his son] Walter Stewart was born to King Robert II of Scotland. He a great x 4 grandson of King John of England.

William of Worcester's Chronicle of England

William of Worcester, born around 1415, and died around 1482 was secretary to John Fastolf, the renowned soldier of the Hundred Years War, during which time he collected documents, letters, and wrote a record of events. Following their return to England in 1440 William was witness to major events. Twice in his chronicle he uses the first person: 1. when writing about the murder of Thomas, 7th Baron Scales, in 1460, he writes '… and I saw him lying naked in the cemetery near the porch of the church of St. Mary Overie in Southwark …' and 2. describing King Edward IV's entry into London in 1461 he writes '… proclaimed that all the people themselves were to recognize and acknowledge Edward as king. I was present and heard this, and immediately went down with them into the city'. William’s Chronicle is rich in detail. It is the source of much information about the Wars of the Roses, including the term 'Diabolical Marriage' to describe the marriage of Queen Elizabeth Woodville’s brother John’s marriage to Katherine, Dowager Duchess of Norfolk, he aged twenty, she sixty-five or more, and the story about a paper crown being placed in mockery on the severed head of Richard, 3rd Duke of York.

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[his daughter] Katherine Stewart was born to King Robert II of Scotland and Elizabeth Mure Queen Consort Scotland. She a great x 4 granddaughter of King John of England.

[his daughter] Isabella Stewart Countess Douglas was born to King Robert II of Scotland and Elizabeth Mure Queen Consort Scotland. She a great x 4 granddaughter of King John of England. She married (1) David Edmonstone (2) her half third cousin once removed James Douglas 2nd Earl Douglas, son of William Douglas 1st Earl Douglas and Margaret Mar Countess Douglas 11th Countess Mar.

[his daughter] Margaret Stewart was born to King Robert II of Scotland and Elizabeth Mure Queen Consort Scotland. She a great x 4 granddaughter of King John of England.

[his son] John Stewart Lord Burley Stewart was born to King Robert II of Scotland. He a great x 4 grandson of King John of England.

King Robert II of Scotland 1316-1390 appears on the following Descendants Family Trees:

Royal Ancestors of King Robert II of Scotland 1316-1390

Kings Wessex: Great x 8 Grand Son of King Edmund "Ironside" I of England

Kings Gwynedd: Great x 4 Grand Son of Owain "Great" King Gwynedd

Kings Seisyllwg: Great x 10 Grand Son of Hywel "Dda aka Good" King Seisyllwg King Deheubarth

Kings Powys: Great x 5 Grand Son of Maredudd ap Bleddyn King Powys

Kings England: Great x 3 Grand Son of King John of England

Kings Scotland: Great x 7 Grand Son of King Duncan I of Scotland

Kings Franks: Great x 16 Grand Son of Charles "Charlemagne aka Great" King of the Franks King Lombardy Holy Roman Emperor

Kings France: Great x 9 Grand Son of Hugh I King of the Franks

Kings Duke Aquitaine: Great x 13 Grand Son of Ranulf I Duke Aquitaine

Royal Descendants of King Robert II of Scotland 1316-1390
Number after indicates the number of unique routes of descent. Descendants of Kings and Queens not included.

King Robert III of Scotland [1]

King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland [1]

Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom [3]

Queen Consort Camilla Shand [5]

Diana Spencer Princess Wales [137]

Ancestors of King Robert II of Scotland 1316-1390

Great x 4 Grandfather: Walter Fitzalan 1st High Steward

Great x 3 Grandfather: Alan Fitzwalter 2nd High Steward

Great x 2 Grandfather: Walter Stewart 3rd High Steward

Great x 1 Grandfather: Alexander Stewart 4th High Steward

Great x 3 Grandfather: Gille Críst Angus 4th Earl Angus

Great x 2 Grandmother: Bethóc Angus

GrandFather: James Stewart 5th High Steward

Father: Walter Stewart 6th High Steward

King Robert II of Scotland 3 x Great Grand Son of King John of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: William Bruce 3rd Lord Annandale

Great x 3 Grandfather: Robert Bruce 4th Lord Annandale

Great x 4 Grandmother: Christina Unknown Lady Annandale

Great x 2 Grandfather: Robert Bruce 5th Lord Annandale 4 x Great Grand Son of King Henry I "Beauclerc" England

Great x 4 Grandfather: David Dunkeld 8th Earl Huntingdon

Great x 3 Grandmother: Isabel "the Scot" Dunkeld Lady Annandale 3 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry I "Beauclerc" England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Matilda Gernon Countess Huntingdon 2 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry I "Beauclerc" England

Great x 1 Grandfather: Robert Bruce Earl Carrick 4 x Great Grand Son of King Henry I "Beauclerc" England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Richard Clare 3rd Earl Hertford

Great x 3 Grandfather: Gilbert Clare 5th Earl Gloucester 4th Earl Hertford 2 x Great Grand Son of King Henry I "Beauclerc" England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Amice Fitzrobert Countess Hertford Great Grand Daughter of King Henry I "Beauclerc" England

Great x 2 Grandmother: Isabel Clare Lady Annandale 3 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry I "Beauclerc" England

GrandFather: King Robert the Bruce I of Scotland 5 x Great Grand Son of King Henry I "Beauclerc" England

Great x 2 Grandfather: Niall Carrick 2nd Earl Carrick

Great x 1 Grandmother: Marjorie Carrick 3rd Countess Carrick

Great x 4 Grandfather: Alan Fitzwalter 2nd High Steward

Great x 3 Grandfather: Walter Stewart 3rd High Steward

Great x 2 Grandmother: Margaret Stewart Countess Carrick

Great x 4 Grandfather: Gille Críst Angus 4th Earl Angus

Great x 3 Grandmother: Bethóc Angus

Great x 4 Grandmother: Marjorie Dunkeld Countess Angus

Mother: Marjorie Bruce 2 x Great Grand Daughter of King John of England

Great x 2 Grandfather: Donald Mar 6th Earl of Mar

Great x 1 Grandfather: Donald Mar 7th Earl of Mar

GrandMother: Isabella Mar Great Grand Daughter of King John of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Owain "Great" King Gwynedd

Great x 3 Grandfather: Iorwerth "Drwyndwn aka Flat Nosed" Aberffraw

Great x 4 Grandmother: Gwladus Unknown Queen Consort Gwynedd

Great x 2 Grandfather: Llewellyn "The Great" Aberffraw

Great x 3 Grandmother: Marared ferch Madog Mathrafal

Great x 4 Grandmother: Susanna Aberffraw

Great x 1 Grandmother: Elen ferch Llewellyn Aberffraw Countess Huntingdon and Mar Grand Daughter of King John of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England Grand Son of King Henry I "Beauclerc" England

Great x 3 Grandfather: King John of England Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Great x 2 Grandmother: Joan Plantagenet Daughter of King John of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Hamelin Warenne Earl of Surrey

Great x 3 Grandmother: Adela Plantagenet