The Gesta Normannorum Ducum [The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy] is a landmark medieval chronicle tracing the rise and fall of the Norman dynasty from its early roots through the pivotal events surrounding the Norman Conquest of England. Originally penned in Latin by the monk William of Jumièges shortly before 1060 and later expanded at the behest of William the Conqueror, the work chronicles the deeds, politics, battles, and leadership of the Norman dukes, especially William’s own claim to the English throne. The narrative combines earlier historical sources with firsthand information and oral testimony to present an authoritative account of Normandy’s transformation from a Viking settlement into one of medieval Europe’s most powerful realms. William’s history emphasizes the legitimacy, military prowess, and governance of the Norman line, framing their expansion, including the conquest of England, as both divinely sanctioned and noble in purpose. Later chroniclers such as Orderic Vitalis and Robert of Torigni continued the history, extending the coverage into the 12th century, providing broader context on ducal rule and its impact. Today this classic work remains a foundational source for understanding Norman identity, medieval statesmanship, and the historical forces that reshaped England and Western Europe between 800AD and 1100AD.

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Viscount Bolingbroke

Viscount Bolingbroke is in Viscountcies of England Alphabetically, Viscountcies of England Chronologically, Extant Viscountcies of England.

                    Summary
                
                    June 1712. 1st.  Henry St John 1st Viscount Bolingbroke [aged 33] created.
                
                    12th December 1751. 2nd. Nephew Frederick St John 3rd Viscount St John 2nd Viscount Bolingbroke [aged 18] succeeded.
                
                    5th May 1787. 3rd. Son  George Richard St John 4th Viscount St John 3rd Viscount Bolingbroke [aged 26] succeeded.
                
                    11th December 1824. 4th. Son  Henry St John 4th Viscount Bolingbroke 5th Viscount St John [aged 38] succeeded.
                
                    1st October 1851. 5th. Son  Henry St John 5th Viscount Bolingbroke 6th Viscount St John [aged 31] succeeded.
                
                    November 1899. 6th. Son  Vernon Henry St John 6th Viscount Bolingbroke 7th Viscount St John [aged 3] succeeded.
                
                    1st May 1974. 7th. Second Cousin Twice Removed Kenneth Oliver Musgrave St John 7th Viscount Bolingbroke 8th Viscount St John [aged 47] succeeded.
                
                    5th July 2010. 8th. Son  Henry FitzRoy St John 9th Viscount St John 8th Viscount Bolingbroke [aged 53] succeeded.
                
                    21st May 2011. 9th. Brother Nicholas St John 10th Viscount St John 9th Viscount Bolingbroke [aged 36] succeeded.

Before June 1712 Henry St John 1st Viscount Bolingbroke [aged 33] was created 1st Viscount Bolingbroke. Frances Winchcombe Viscountess Bolingbroke [aged 31] by marriage Viscountess Bolingbroke.

On 12th December 1751 Henry St John 1st Viscount Bolingbroke [aged 73] died. He was buried at St Mary the Virgin Church, Bucklebury. His nephew Frederick [aged 18] succeeded 2nd Viscount Bolingbroke.

On 8th September 1757 Frederick St John 3rd Viscount St John 2nd Viscount Bolingbroke [aged 24] and Diana Spencer Viscountess St John and Bolingbroke [aged 23] were married. She by marriage Viscountess St John, Viscountess Bolingbroke. She the daughter of Charles Spencer 3rd Duke of Marlborough [aged 50] and Elizabeth Trevor Duchess of Marlborough [aged 44].

On 5th May 1787 Frederick St John 3rd Viscount St John 2nd Viscount Bolingbroke [aged 54] died. His son George [aged 26] succeeded 4th Viscount St John, 3rd Viscount Bolingbroke, 7th Baronet St John Lydiard Tregoze in Wiltshire.

On 11th December 1824 George Richard St John 4th Viscount St John 3rd Viscount Bolingbroke [aged 63] died at Pisa. His son Henry [aged 38] succeeded 5th Viscount St John, 4th Viscount Bolingbroke, 8th Baronet St John Lydiard Tregoze in Wiltshire. Maria St John-Mildmay Viscountess Bolingbroke and St John [aged 34] by marriage Viscountess St John, Viscountess Bolingbroke.

On 1st October 1851 Henry St John 4th Viscount Bolingbroke 5th Viscount St John [aged 65] died. His son Henry [aged 31] succeeded 6th Viscount St John, 5th Viscount Bolingbroke, 9th Baronet St John Lydiard Tregoze in Wiltshire.

On 5th January 1893 Henry St John 5th Viscount Bolingbroke 6th Viscount St John [aged 72] and Mary Emily Elizabeth Howard Viscountess Bolingbroke and St John were married at the Registry Office in Bath, Somerset [Map]. She by marriage Viscountess St John, Viscountess Bolingbroke. She had been his servant, subsequently housekeeper. The marriage was not revealed until after his death becoming something of a national scandal.

In November 1899 Henry St John 5th Viscount Bolingbroke 6th Viscount St John [aged 79] died. His son Vernon [aged 3] succeeded 7th Viscount St John, 6th Viscount Bolingbroke, 10th Baronet St John Lydiard Tregoze in Wiltshire although he was only recognised as such in 1926.

On 1st May 1974 Vernon Henry St John 6th Viscount Bolingbroke 7th Viscount St John [aged 78] died. His second cousin twice removed Kenneth [aged 47] succeeded 8th Viscount St John, 7th Viscount Bolingbroke, 11th Baronet St John Lydiard Tregoze in Wiltshire.

On 5th July 2010 Kenneth Oliver Musgrave St John 7th Viscount Bolingbroke 8th Viscount St John [aged 83] died. His son Henry [aged 53] succeeded 9th Viscount St John, 8th Viscount Bolingbroke, 12th Baronet St John Lydiard Tregoze in Wiltshire.

On 21st May 2011 Henry FitzRoy St John 9th Viscount St John 8th Viscount Bolingbroke [aged 54] died. His brother Nicholas [aged 36] succeeded 10th Viscount St John, 9th Viscount Bolingbroke, 13th Baronet St John Lydiard Tregoze in Wiltshire.