Italian Duke is in Italian Lords Temporal.
Before 1430 Francesco Balzo II Duke Andria [aged 19] and Sancia Clermont Duchess Andria were married. She by marriage Duchess Andria.
Before 1482 Francesco Balzo II Duke Andria [aged 71] succeeded Duke Andria.
Francesco Baux 1st Duke Andria was appointed 1st Duke Andria.
Roger Hauteville IV Duke Apulia was appointed IV Duke Apulia.
In 1332 John Duke of Durazzo [aged 38] succeeded Duke Durazzo.
On 5th April 1336 John Duke of Durazzo [aged 42] died. His son Charles [aged 13] succeeded Duke Durazzo.
On 21st April 1343 Charles Duke Durazzo [aged 20] and Maria Duchess of Durazzo [aged 13] were married. She by marriage Duchess Durazzo. He the son of John Duke of Durazzo and Agnes Perigord. They were third cousin once removed. He a great x 4 grandson of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England. She a great x 3 granddaughter of King Henry III of England.
On 15th June 1505 Ercole Este I Duke Ferrara [aged 73] died. His son Alfonso [aged 28] succeeded I Duke Ferrara.
On 31st October 1534 Alfonso Este I Duke Ferrara, Modena and Reggio [aged 58] died. His son Ercole [aged 26] succeeded II Duke Ferrara. Renée of France Duchess of Ferrara [aged 24] by marriage Duchess Ferrara.
Abbot John Whethamstede’s Chronicle of the Abbey of St Albans
Abbot John Whethamstede's Register aka Chronicle of his second term at the Abbey of St Albans, 1451-1461, is a remarkable text that describes his first-hand experience of the beginning of the Wars of the Roses including the First and Second Battles of St Albans, 1455 and 1461, respectively, their cause, and their consequences, not least on the Abbey itself. His text also includes Loveday, Blore Heath, Northampton, the Act of Accord, Wakefield, and Towton, and ends with the Coronation of King Edward IV. In addition to the events of the Wars of the Roses, Abbot John, or his scribes who wrote the Chronicle, include details in the life of the Abbey such as charters, letters, land exchanges, visits by legates, and disputes, which provide a rich insight into the day-to-day life of the Abbey, and the challenges faced by its Abbot.
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On 3rd October 1559 Ercole Este II Duke Ferrara [aged 51] died. His son Alfonso [aged 25] succeeded II Duke Ferrara.
Ercole Este I Duke Ferrara was created I Duke Ferrara.
Alfonso Este II Duke Ferrara and Barbara Habsburg Spain Duchess Ferrara were married. She by marriage Duchess Ferrara. She the daughter of Ferdinand I Holy Roman Emperor and Anne Jagiellon. He the son of Ercole Este II Duke Ferrara and Renée of France Duchess of Ferrara. They were third cousins. She a great x 5 granddaughter of King Edward III of England.
On 11th May 1395 Gian Galeazzo Visconti 1st Duke Milan [aged 43] was created 1st Duke Milan by Wenceslaus IV of Behemia King Romans [aged 34] for 100,000 florins. Caterina Visconti Duke Milan [aged 34] by marriage Duchess Milan.
On 25th March 1450 Francesco Sforza I Duke Milan [aged 48] succeeded I Duke Milan.
On 8th March 1466 Francesco Sforza I Duke Milan [aged 64] died. His son Galeazzo [aged 22] succeeded 5th Duke Milan.
On 26th December 1476 Galeazzo Maria Sforza 5th Duke Milan [aged 32] was murdered at the Basilica di Santo Stefano Maggiore, Milan [Map]. Supported by about thirty friends, the three men waited in the church for the duke to arrive for mass. When Galeazzo Sforza arrived, Lampugnani knelt before him; after some words were exchanged, Lampugnani rose suddenly and stabbed Sforza in the groin and breast. Olgiati and Visconti soon joined in, as did a servant of Lampugnani's. Sforza was dead within a matter of seconds. All the assassins quickly escaped in the ensuing mayhem save for Lampugnani, who became entangled in some of the church's cloth and was killed by a guard. His body soon fell into the hands of a mob, which dragged the corpse through the streets, slashing and beating at it; finally, they hung the body upside-down outside Lampugnani's house. The beheaded corpse was cut down the next day and, in an act of symbolism, the "sinning" right hand was removed, burnt and put on display. His son Gian [aged 7] succeeded 6th Duke Milan.
In February 1489 Gian Galeazzo Sforza 6th Duke Milan [aged 19] and Isabella Trastámara Duchess Milan [aged 18] were married. She by marriage Duchess Milan. She the daughter of Alfonso II King Naples [aged 40] and Ippolita Maria Sforza. He the son of Galeazzo Maria Sforza 5th Duke Milan and Bona of Savoy [aged 39]. They were first cousins.
On 21st October 1494 Gian Galeazzo Sforza 6th Duke Milan [aged 25] died. His uncle Ludovico [aged 42] succeeded Duke Milan.
Alfonso Hauteville Duke Naples was appointed Duke Naples.
Jean de Waurin's Chronicle of England Volume 6 Books 3-6: The Wars of the Roses
Jean de Waurin was a French Chronicler, from the Artois region, who was born around 1400, and died around 1474. Waurin’s Chronicle of England, Volume 6, covering the period 1450 to 1471, from which we have selected and translated Chapters relating to the Wars of the Roses, provides a vivid, original, contemporary description of key events some of which he witnessed first-hand, some of which he was told by the key people involved with whom Waurin had a personal relationship.
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In 1462 Jacques Armagnac Duke Nemours [aged 29] succeeded Duke Nemours. Louise Valois Anjou Duchess Nemours [aged 17] by marriage Duchess Nemours.
In 1515 Giuliano Medici Duke Nemours [aged 35] was created 1st Duke Nemours by King Francis I of France [aged 20]. Giuliano had married into the Savoy family that had previously held the title.
On 25th November 1533 Philip of Savoy Duke Nemours [aged 43] died. His son Jacques [aged 2] succeeded Duke Nemours.
On 15th June 1585 Jacques of Savoy 2nd Duke of Nemours [aged 53] died. His son Henri [aged 12] succeeded Duke Nemours.
On 10th July 1632 Henri I Duke of Nemours [aged 59] died. His son Louis [aged 17] succeeded Duke Nemours.
On 16th September 1641 Louis I Duke Nemours [aged 26] died unmarried. His brother Charles [aged 17] succeeded Duke Nemours.
On 11th July 1643 Charles Amadeus Duke of Nemours [aged 19] and Élisabeth Bourbon Vendôme [aged 28] were married. She by marriage Duchess Nemours. She the daughter of César Bourbon Vendôme 1st Duke Vendôme [aged 49] and Françoise Lorraine Duchess Vendôme [aged 50]. He the son of Henri I Duke of Nemours. They were second cousin once removed.
Louis Gonzaga Duke Nevers was appointed Duke Nevers.
Charles Gonzaga Duke Nevers Duke Rethel succeeded Duke Nevers, Duke Rethel.
Charles Gonzaga Duke Nevers Duke Rethel succeeded Duke Nevers, Duke Rethel.
Annals of the six Kings of England by Nicholas Trivet
Translation of the Annals of the Six Kings of England by that traces the rise and rule of the Angevin aka Plantagenet dynasty from the mid-12th to early 14th century. Written by the Dominican scholar Nicholas Trivet, the work offers a vivid account of English history from the reign of King Stephen through to the death of King Edward I, blending political narrative with moral reflection. Covering the reigns of six monarchs—from Stephen to Edward I—the chronicle explores royal authority, rebellion, war, and the shifting balance between crown, church, and nobility. Trivet provides detailed insight into defining moments such as baronial conflicts, Anglo-French rivalry, and the consolidation of royal power under Edward I, whose reign he describes with particular immediacy. The Annals combines careful year-by-year reporting with thoughtful interpretation, presenting history not merely as a sequence of events but as a moral and political lesson. Ideal for readers interested in medieval history, kingship, and the origins of the English state, this chronicle remains a valuable and accessible window into the turbulent world of the Plantagenet kings.
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In 834 Lambert Guideschi Duke Spoleto was created Duke Spoleto.
Lambert Guideschi Duke Spoleto and Itta Unknown Duchess Spoleto were married. She by marriage Duchess Spoleto.
Lambert Guideschi Duke Spoleto and Adelaide Carolingian Duchess Spoleto were married. She by marriage Duchess Spoleto.