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The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy

The Gesta Normannorum Ducum [The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy] is a landmark medieval chronicle tracing the rise and fall of the Norman dynasty from its early roots through the pivotal events surrounding the Norman Conquest of England. Originally penned in Latin by the monk William of Jumièges shortly before 1060 and later expanded at the behest of William the Conqueror, the work chronicles the deeds, politics, battles, and leadership of the Norman dukes, especially William’s own claim to the English throne. The narrative combines earlier historical sources with firsthand information and oral testimony to present an authoritative account of Normandy’s transformation from a Viking settlement into one of medieval Europe’s most powerful realms. William’s history emphasizes the legitimacy, military prowess, and governance of the Norman line, framing their expansion, including the conquest of England, as both divinely sanctioned and noble in purpose. Later chroniclers such as Orderic Vitalis and Robert of Torigni continued the history, extending the coverage into the 12th century, providing broader context on ducal rule and its impact. Today this classic work remains a foundational source for understanding Norman identity, medieval statesmanship, and the historical forces that reshaped England and Western Europe between 800AD and 1100AD.

Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback format.

St Peter's Church, Edensor, Chatsworth, Derbyshire Dales, North-Central England, British Isles [Map]

St Peter's Church, Edensor is in Edensor, Chatsworth, Derbyshire, Churches in Derbyshire.

See: Cavendish Plot, St Peter's Church, Edensor [Map].

Before 1500. Carvings in the South Porch of St Peter's Church, Edensor [Map] including the armorial of the Leche family who owned Chatsworth before the Cavendish family and whose crest is a snake held in a fist, which may have been the origin of the Cavendish snake crest.

After 1570. St Peter's Church, Edensor [Map]. Memorial to John Beton, servant to Mary Queen of Scots (age 27) who died at Chatsworth, Derbyshire [Map].

On 3rd March 1626 William Cavendish 1st Earl Devonshire (age 73) died. His son William (age 36) succeeded 2nd Earl Devonshire, 2nd Baron Cavendish Hardwick. Christian Bruce Countess Devonshire by marriage Countess Devonshire. On 12th October 1616 Henry Cavendish died. Both were buried at St Peter's Church, Edensor [Map].

The monument was behind the altar in the original church but moved to a separate chapel in the new church.

Monument formed two bodies under a low four-poster with black Ionic columns and black covering slab. The monument has been attributed to Maximilian Colt (age 51).

After 1822. Memorial to the Barker family including: husband and wife Alexander Barker of Edensor (age 77) and Elizabeth Bossley of Bakewell, and their sons Caleb Barker and George Alexander Barker all of whom were buried at St Peter's Church, Edensor [Map].

Before 15th January 1855 Laura Paxton (age 16) died. She was buried on 15th January 1855 at St Peter's Church, Edensor [Map].

On 8th June 1865 Joseph Paxton (age 61) died at Rockhills House, Sydenham. He was buried at St Peter's Church, Edensor [Map].

After 8th June 1865. St Peter's Church, Edensor [Map]. Memorial and grave of Joseph Paxton (deceased).

Joseph Paxton: Around 1785 Edensor, Chatsworth, Derbyshire William Cavendish 6th Duke Devonshire, working with Joseph Paxton relocated Edensor, Chatsworth, Derbyshire, possibly so that it could no longer be seen from Chatsworth House, Derbyshire [Map]. One the east of the original village one house was left in situ being occupied by an elderly retainer Anthony Holmes. It was walled around to protect it against deer and cattle. Six houses were left in-situ although they were modified to include ornamental chimneys. The new village was provided with allotments, a small prison and a mortuary. On 3rd August 1803 he was born at Milton Bryant, Bedfordshire. In 1827 he and Sarah Bown were married. On 8th June 1865 he died at Rockhills House, Sydenham. He was buried at St Peter's Church, Edensor [Map].

1866. St Peter's Church, Edensor [Map] was begun in 1866 and consecrated in 1870. The architect was George Gilbert Scott (age 54). Some of the stonework from the old church was re-used including the whole of the south porch.

William of Worcester's Chronicle of England

William of Worcester, born around 1415, and died around 1482 was secretary to John Fastolf, the renowned soldier of the Hundred Years War, during which time he collected documents, letters, and wrote a record of events. Following their return to England in 1440 William was witness to major events. Twice in his chronicle he uses the first person: 1. when writing about the murder of Thomas, 7th Baron Scales, in 1460, he writes '… and I saw him lying naked in the cemetery near the porch of the church of St. Mary Overie in Southwark …' and 2. describing King Edward IV's entry into London in 1461 he writes '… proclaimed that all the people themselves were to recognize and acknowledge Edward as king. I was present and heard this, and immediately went down with them into the city'. William’s Chronicle is rich in detail. It is the source of much information about the Wars of the Roses, including the term 'Diabolical Marriage' to describe the marriage of Queen Elizabeth Woodville’s brother John’s marriage to Katherine, Dowager Duchess of Norfolk, he aged twenty, she sixty-five or more, and the story about a paper crown being placed in mockery on the severed head of Richard, 3rd Duke of York.

Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback format.

1879. St Peter's Church, Edensor [Map]. West Window Memorial to John Gregory Cottingham Steward of Chatsworth for William Cavendish 7th Duke Devonshire (age 70).

On 11th May 1882. St Peter's Church, Edensor [Map]. Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom (age 62) sent a wreath of everlasting flowers for the funeral of Frederick Charles Cavendish (deceased) whose memorial is in the Cavendish chapel.

After 16th April 1898. St Peter's Church, Edensor [Map]. Memorials to Peverill Hall and the Reverend Joseph Hall.

After 28th March 1908. St Peter's Church, Edensor [Map]. Reredos in memory of Spencer Cavendish 8th Duke Devonshire (deceased).

4th April 1908. St Peter's Church, Edensor [Map]. Pictures from The Sphere of the funeral of Spencer Cavendish 8th Duke Devonshire (deceased).

"The Bishop of Derby officiated ... The little boy is the new Marquis of Hartington (age 12). His father (age 39) is seen supporting the Dowager Duchess (age 75).

St Peter's Church, Edensor [Map]. Memorial to Andrew Pepys Cockerell, 2nd Lieutenant 2nd Battalion The Kings Royal Rifle Corps, who was killed in action aged nineteen on 14th August 1916 at Mametz Wood.

After 1917. Commonwealth War Graves at St Peter's Church, Edensor [Map].

After 1919. St Peter's Church, Edensor [Map]. Description of the Memorial Flags of the Chatsworth Rifles, the 16th Battalion of the Sherwood Foresters.

After 1919. St Peter's Church, Edensor [Map]. War Memorial including John Spencer Cavendish.

Jean de Waurin's Chronicle of England Volume 6 Books 3-6: The Wars of the Roses

Jean de Waurin was a French Chronicler, from the Artois region, who was born around 1400, and died around 1474. Waurin’s Chronicle of England, Volume 6, covering the period 1450 to 1471, from which we have selected and translated Chapters relating to the Wars of the Roses, provides a vivid, original, contemporary description of key events some of which he witnessed first-hand, some of which he was told by the key people involved with whom Waurin had a personal relationship.

Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback format.

After 1919. St Peter's Church, Edensor [Map]. War Memorial to the Chatsworth Rifles, the 16th Battalion of the Sherwood Foresters.

After 1945. St Peter's Church, Edensor [Map]. Memorial to those who fell in the Second World War including William Cavendish, heir to the Duke of Devonshire.

2000. The steps to the St Peter's Church, Edensor [Map] were re-built and repaired to mark the 50th Anniversary of the Dukedom of Andrew Cavendish 11th Duke Devonshire (age 79).

After 2013. The Vicars of St Peter's Church, Edensor [Map].

Cavendish Plot, St Peter's Church, Edensor, Chatsworth, Derbyshire Dales, North-Central England, British Isles [Map]

On 18th January 1858 William Cavendish 6th Duke Devonshire (age 67) died at Hardwick Hall, Derbyshire [Map]. He was buried in the Cavendish Plot, St Peter's Church, Edensor [Map]. His first cousin once removed William (age 49) succeeded 7th Duke Devonshire, 10th Earl Devonshire, 10th Baron Cavendish Hardwick. Baron Clifford abeyant.

On 9th November 1865 Henry George Cavendish (age 29) died. On 18th May 1891 Edward Cavendish (age 27) died. They were buried in the Cavendish Plot, St Peter's Church, Edensor [Map].

Henry George Cavendish: On 24th May 1836 he was born to George Henry Cavendish and Louisa Lascelles.

Edward Cavendish: On 28th January 1838 he was born to William Cavendish 7th Duke Devonshire and Blanche Georgiana Howard at Marylebone. Coefficient of inbreeding 1.65%. On 3rd August 1865 Edward Cavendish and Emma Elizabeth Lascelles were married. He the son of William Cavendish 7th Duke Devonshire and Blanche Georgiana Howard. They were first cousins.

On 23rd September 1880 George Henry Cavendish (age 70) died at Ashford Hall, Ashford in the Water [Map]. He was buried in the Cavendish Plot, St Peter's Church, Edensor [Map].

On 6th May 1882 Frederick Charles Cavendish (age 45) was assassinated at Phoenix Park, Dublin during the Phoenix Park Killings. He was buried in the Cavendish Plot, St Peter's Church, Edensor [Map].

On 21st December 1891 William Cavendish 7th Duke Devonshire (age 83) died. He was buried at the Cavendish Plot, St Peter's Church, Edensor [Map]. His son Spencer (age 58) succeeded 8th Duke Devonshire, 11th Earl Devonshire, 3rd Earl Burlington, 11th Baron Cavendish Hardwick.

Jean de Waurin's Chronicle of England Volume 6 Books 3-6: The Wars of the Roses

Jean de Waurin was a French Chronicler, from the Artois region, who was born around 1400, and died around 1474. Waurin’s Chronicle of England, Volume 6, covering the period 1450 to 1471, from which we have selected and translated Chapters relating to the Wars of the Roses, provides a vivid, original, contemporary description of key events some of which he witnessed first-hand, some of which he was told by the key people involved with whom Waurin had a personal relationship.

Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback format.

On 24th March 1908 Spencer Cavendish 8th Duke Devonshire (age 74) died of pneumonia at Hotel Metropol. His nephew Victor (age 39) succeeded 9th Duke Devonshire, 12th Earl Devonshire, 4th Earl Burlington, 12th Baron Cavendish Hardwick. On 28th March 1908 he was buried in the Cavendish Plot, St Peter's Church, Edensor [Map].

On 22nd April 1925 Lucy Caroline Lyttelton (age 83) died at her home The Glebe, Penshurt. She was buried at the Cavendish Plot, St Peter's Church, Edensor [Map]. Memorial at the Church of St Deiniol, Hawarden, Flintshire.

Lucy Caroline Lyttelton: On 5th September 1841 she was born to George William Lyttelton 4th Baron Lyttelton and Mary Glynne Lady Lyttelton at Hagley Hall, Worcestershire. In 1863 she was appointed Maid of Honour to Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom. On 7th June 1864 Frederick Charles Cavendish and she were married. No issue. He the son of William Cavendish 7th Duke Devonshire and Blanche Georgiana Howard. They were third cousins.

After 22nd April 1925. Cavendish Plot, St Peter's Church, Edensor [Map]. Monument to Lucy Caroline Lyttelton (deceased).

On 6th May 1938 Victor Christian William Cavendish 9th Duke Devonshire (age 69) died at Chatsworth House, Derbyshire [Map]. He was buried at Cavendish Plot, St Peter's Church, Edensor [Map]. His son Edward (age 43) succeeded 10th Duke Devonshire, 13th Earl Devonshire, 5th Earl Burlington, 13th Baron Cavendish Hardwick. Mary Alice Gascoyne-Cecil Duchess Devonshire (age 42) by marriage Duchess Devonshire. On 2nd April 1960 Evelyn Emily Mary Petty-Fitzmaurice Duchess Devonshire (age 67) died. Both the Duke and Duchess were buried in the Cavendish Plot, St Peter's Church, Edensor [Map].

Evelyn Emily Mary Petty-Fitzmaurice Duchess Devonshire: On 27th August 1870 she was born to Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice 5th Marquess Lansdowne. On 30th July 1892 Victor Christian William Cavendish 9th Duke Devonshire and she were married. She by marriage Duchess Devonshire. She the daughter of Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice 5th Marquess Lansdowne. They were fifth cousins.

After 13th May 1948 Kathleen "Kick" Kennedy (deceased) was buried at Cavendish Plot, St Peter's Church, Edensor [Map]. Joseph Patrick Kennedy (age 59), her father, was the only Kennedy family member to attend.

On Saturday 29th June 1963, around four in the afternoon, her grave was visited by her elder brother President John Fitzgerald Kennedy (age 46), some five months before his assassination. He was travelling from to London for a meeting with the British Prime Minister when he made a detour landing at and then travelling by helicopter to St Peter's Church, Edensor [Map]. He laid a wreath which he had brought from Ireland. Present at the wreath laying was his sisters Eunice Mary Kennedy (age 41) and Jean Ann Kennedy (age 35), and the Duke and Duchess (age 67) of Devonshire.

On 26th November 1950 Edward William Spencer Cavendish 10th Duke Devonshire (age 55) died. His son Andrew (age 30) succeeded 11th Duke Devonshire, 14th Earl Devonshire, 6th Earl Burlington, 14th Baron Cavendish Hardwick. Deborah Vivien Mitford Duchess Devonshire (age 30) by marriage Duchess Devonshire. On 24th December 1988 Mary Alice Gascoyne-Cecil Duchess Devonshire (age 55) died. Both the Duke and Duchess were buried in the Cavendish Plot, St Peter's Church, Edensor [Map].

After 3rd May 2004. Cavendish Plot, St Peter's Church, Edensor [Map]. Andrew Cavendish 11th Duke Devonshire (deceased) and Deborah Vivien Mitford Duchess Devonshire (age 84).