The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy
The Gesta Normannorum Ducum [The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy] is a landmark medieval chronicle tracing the rise and fall of the Norman dynasty from its early roots through the pivotal events surrounding the Norman Conquest of England. Originally penned in Latin by the monk William of Jumièges shortly before 1060 and later expanded at the behest of William the Conqueror, the work chronicles the deeds, politics, battles, and leadership of the Norman dukes, especially William’s own claim to the English throne. The narrative combines earlier historical sources with firsthand information and oral testimony to present an authoritative account of Normandy’s transformation from a Viking settlement into one of medieval Europe’s most powerful realms. William’s history emphasizes the legitimacy, military prowess, and governance of the Norman line, framing their expansion, including the conquest of England, as both divinely sanctioned and noble in purpose. Later chroniclers such as Orderic Vitalis and Robert of Torigni continued the history, extending the coverage into the 12th century, providing broader context on ducal rule and its impact. Today this classic work remains a foundational source for understanding Norman identity, medieval statesmanship, and the historical forces that reshaped England and Western Europe between 800AD and 1100AD.
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Paternal Family Tree: Poitiers
In 935 [her father] William "Towhead" III Duke Aquitaine [age 20] and [her mother] Gerloc aka Adela Normandy Duchess Aquitaine [age 23] were married. She by marriage Duchess Aquitaine. She the daughter of [her grandfather] Rollo Duke Normandy and [her grandmother] Poppa Unknown Duchess Normandy. He the son of Ebles "Manzer aka Bastard" III Duke Aquitaine [age 65].
Around 945 Adelaide Poitiers Queen Consort France was born to [her father] William "Towhead" III Duke Aquitaine [age 30] and [her mother] Gerloc aka Adela Normandy Duchess Aquitaine [age 33].
On 14th October 962 [her mother] Gerloc aka Adela Normandy Duchess Aquitaine [age 50] died.
On 3rd April 963 [her father] William "Towhead" III Duke Aquitaine [age 48] died. His son [her brother] William [age 26] succeeded IV Duke Aquitaine.
In or before 968 Hugh I King of the Franks [age 26] and Adelaide Poitiers Queen Consort France [age 22] were married. She the daughter of William "Towhead" III Duke Aquitaine and Gerloc aka Adela Normandy Duchess Aquitaine. He the son of Hugh "Great" Capet Count Paris and Hedwig Saxon Ottonian.
Around 968 [her daughter] Gisela Capet Countess Ponthieu was born to [her husband] Hugh I King of the Franks [age 27] and Adelaide Poitiers Queen Consort France [age 23]. She married (1) 994 Hugh Montdidier I Count Ponthieu and had issue (2) 994 Hugh I Count Ponthieu and had issue.
After 968 [her sister-in-law] Emma of Paris Duchess of Normandy [deceased] died.
In or before 969 [her brother] William "Proud Arm" IV Duke Aquitaine [age 31] and [her sister-in-law] Emma Blois Duchess Aquitaine were married. She by marriage Duchess Aquitaine. She the daughter of Theobald "Trickster" Blois I Count Blois [age 55] and Luitgarde Vermandois Duchess Normandy [age 53]. He the son of [her father] William "Towhead" III Duke Aquitaine and [her mother] Gerloc aka Adela Normandy Duchess Aquitaine.
Around 970 [her daughter] Hedwig Capet Countess Mons was born to [her husband] Hugh I King of the Franks [age 29] and Adelaide Poitiers Queen Consort France [age 25]. She married (1) Rainier Hainaut (2) before 995 Reginar Reginar IV Count Mons, son of Reginar Reginar III Count Hainaut, and had issue.
Chronicle of Walter of Guisborough
A canon regular of the Augustinian Guisborough Priory, Yorkshire, formerly known as The Chronicle of Walter of Hemingburgh, describes the period from 1066 to 1346. Before 1274 the Chronicle is based on other works. Thereafter, the Chronicle is original, and a remarkable source for the events of the time. This book provides a translation of the Chronicle from that date. The Latin source for our translation is the 1849 work edited by Hans Claude Hamilton. Hamilton, in his preface, says: 'In the present work we behold perhaps one of the finest samples of our early chronicles, both as regards the value of the events recorded, and the correctness with which they are detailed; Nor will the pleasing style of composition be lightly passed over by those capable of seeing reflected from it the tokens of a vigorous and cultivated mind, and a favourable specimen of the learning and taste of the age in which it was framed.'
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On 27th March 972 [her son] Robert "Pious" II King of the Franks was born to [her husband] Hugh I King of the Franks [age 31] and Adelaide Poitiers Queen Consort France [age 27] at Orléans. He married (1) 988 Rozala of Italy (2) 999 his second cousin Bertha Welf Queen Consort France, daughter of Conrad I King Burgundy and Mathilde Carolingian Queen Consort Burgundy (3) 1003 Constance Arles Queen Consort France, daughter of William "Liberator" Arles 1st Count Provence 1st Count Arles and Adelaide Blanche Ingelger Queen Consort West Francia, and had issue.
On 21st May 987 Louis "Do Nothing" V King West Francia [age 20] died without issue ending the Carolingian Dynasty. [her husband] Hugh I King of the Franks [age 46] was elected King West Francia beginning the Capetian Dynasty.
On 3rd July 987 [her husband] Hugh I King of the Franks [age 46] was crowned I King France: Capet. Adelaide Poitiers Queen Consort France [age 42] by marriage Queen France: Capet.
In 988 Robert "Pious" II King of the Franks [age 15] and Rozala of Italy [age 38] were married. They separated around the time of coronation. The difference in their ages was 22 years; she, unusually, being older than him. He the son of Hugh I King of the Franks [age 47] and Adelaide Poitiers Queen Consort France [age 43].
Around 994 [her son-in-law] Hugh I Count Ponthieu and Gisela Capet Countess Ponthieu [age 26] were married. She by marriage Countess Ponthieu. She the daughter of Hugh I King of the Franks [age 53] and Adelaide Poitiers Queen Consort France [age 49].
In 994 [her son-in-law] Hugh Montdidier I Count Ponthieu and Gisela Capet Countess Ponthieu [age 26] were married. She the daughter of Hugh I King of the Franks [age 53] and Adelaide Poitiers Queen Consort France [age 49].
On 3rd February 994 [her brother] William "Proud Arm" IV Duke Aquitaine [age 57] died. His son [her nephew] William [age 25] succeeded V Duke Aquitaine.
Before 995 [her son-in-law] Reginar Reginar IV Count Mons [age 44] and Hedwig Capet Countess Mons [age 24] were married. She by marriage Countess Mons. The difference in their ages was 20 years. She the daughter of Hugh I King of the Franks [age 53] and Adelaide Poitiers Queen Consort France [age 49]. He the son of Reginar Reginar III Count Hainaut.
On 24th October 996 [her husband] Hugh I King of the Franks [age 55] died. His son Robert [age 24] succeeded II King France: Capet.
In 999 Robert "Pious" II King of the Franks [age 26] and Bertha Welf Queen Consort France [age 35] were married. She by marriage Queen Consort of France. They separated sometime before 1003 as a consequence of their consanguinity. She the daughter of Conrad I King Burgundy and Mathilde Carolingian Queen Consort Burgundy. He the son of Hugh I King of the Franks and Adelaide Poitiers Queen Consort France [age 54]. They were second cousins.
Anne Boleyn. Her Life as told by Lancelot de Carle's 1536 Letter.
In 1536, two weeks after the execution of Anne Boleyn, her brother George and four others, Lancelot du Carle, wrote an extraordinary letter that described Anne's life, and her trial and execution, to which he was a witness. This book presents a new translation of that letter, with additional material from other contemporary sources such as Letters, Hall's and Wriothesley's Chronicles, the pamphlets of Wynkyn the Worde, the Memorial of George Constantyne, the Portuguese Letter and the Baga de Secrets, all of which are provided in Appendices.
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In 1002 [her daughter] Gisela Capet Countess Ponthieu [age 34] died.
In 1003 Robert "Pious" II King of the Franks [age 30] and Constance Arles Queen Consort France [age 17] were married. She by marriage Queen Consort of France. She the daughter of William "Liberator" Arles 1st Count Provence 1st Count Arles and Adelaide Blanche Ingelger Queen Consort West Francia [age 63]. He the son of Hugh I King of the Franks and Adelaide Poitiers Queen Consort France [age 58].
In 1004 Adelaide Poitiers Queen Consort France [age 59] died.
Kings Duke Aquitaine: Great x 2 Grand Daughter of Ranulf I Duke Aquitaine
Agnes de la Marck Queen Consort Navarre [3]
Robert "Pious" II King of the Franks [1]
Joan Dammartin Queen Consort Castile and Leon [1]
Maria of Brabant Queen Consort France [1]
Margaret of Burgundy Queen Consort France [1]
Joan "Lame" Burgundy Queen Consort France [1]
King Robert II of Scotland [1]
Joanna Bourbon Queen Consort France [1]
Blanche Bourbon Queen Consort Castile [1]
Martha Armagnac Queen Consort Aragon [1]
Yolande of Bar Queen Consort Aragon [3]
King Richard II of England [1]
Philippa Lancaster Queen Consort Denmark [3]
Joan Beaufort Queen Consort Scotland [4]
Jacquetta of Luxemburg Duchess Bedford [1]
Mary of Guelders Queen Consort Scotland [3]
King Edward IV of England [11]
King Richard III of England [11]
Anne Neville Queen Consort England [15]
King Henry VII of England and Ireland [5]
Bianca Maria Sforza Holy Roman Empress [3]
Anne of Brittany Queen Consort France [2]
Philip "Handsome Fair" King Castile [6]
Germaine Foix Queen Consort Aragon [3]
Marguerite Valois Orléans Queen Consort Navarre [7]
Queen Anne Boleyn of England [15]
Queen Jane Seymour [18]
Catherine Parr Queen Consort England [23]
Anne of Cleves Queen Consort England [6]
Mary of Guise Queen Consort Scotland [17]
Antoine King Navarre [14]
Catherine Medici Queen Consort France [3]
Queen Catherine Howard of England [12]
Maximilian Habsburg Spain II Holy Roman Emperor [6]
Jane Grey I Queen England and Ireland [30]
Louise Lorraine Queen Consort France [8]
King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland [2]
Maximilian "The Great" Wittelsbach I Duke Bavaria I Elector Bavaria [19]
Maria Anna Wittelsbach Holy Roman Empress [19]
Marie de Medici Queen Consort France [6]
Electress Louise Juliana of the Palatine Rhine [5]
Ferdinand of Spain II Holy Roman Emperor [16]
George Wharton [187]
Margaret of Austria Queen Consort Spain [16]
Anna of Austria Holy Roman Empress [17]
John George Wettin Elector Saxony [12]
Frederick William "Great Elector" Hohenzollern Elector Brandenburg [12]
Eleonora Gonzaga Queen Consort Bohemia [26]
Maria Leopoldine Habsburg Spain Queen Consort Bohemia [16]
Hedwig Eleonora Queen Consort Sweden [12]
Marie Françoise Élisabeth of Savoy Queen Consort of Portugal [22]
Charlotte Amalie Hesse-Kassel Queen Consort Denmark and Norway [12]
Victor Amadeus King Sardinia [26]
Louise of Mecklenburg Güstrow Queen Consort Denmark and Norway [12]
Maria Anna Neuburg Queen Consort Spain [24]
Joseph I Holy Roman Emperor [24]
Charles Habsburg Spain VI Holy Roman Emperor [24]
Francis I Holy Roman Emperor [9]
Adolph Frederick King Sweden [12]
Elisabeth Therese Lorraine Queen Consort Sardinia [9]
President George Washington [8]
King George III of Great Britain and Ireland [24]
Charlotte Mecklenburg Strelitz Queen Consort England [12]
Caroline Matilda Hanover Queen Consort Denmark and Norway [24]
Marie Sophie Hesse-Kassel Queen Consort Denmark and Norway [36]
Caroline of Brunswick Queen Consort England [24]
Frederick William III King Prussia [12]
Frederica Mecklenburg Strelitz Queen Consort Hanover [24]
Queen Fredrika Dorotea Vilhelmina [24]
King Christian I of Norway and VIII of Denmark [36]
Frederick William IV King Prussia [24]
Frederick VII King of Denmark [60]
Queen Louise Hesse-Kassel of Denmark [72]
King Christian IX of Denmark [36]
Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom [48]
Queen Sophia of Sweden and Norway [60]
Victoria Empress Germany Queen Consort Prussia [132]
King Edward VII of the United Kingdom [132]
Maria Christina of Austria Queen Consort Spain [36]
Brigadier-General Charles Fitz-Clarence [729]
Victoria Mary Teck Queen Consort England [72]
Frederick Charles I King Finland [72]
Constantine I King Greece [36]
Alexandrine Mecklenburg-Schwerin Queen Consort Denmark [96]
Victoria Eugénie Mountbatten Queen Consort Spain [168]
Louise Mountbatten Queen Consort Sweden [204]
Ingrid Bernadotte Queen Consort Denmark [156]
Philip Mountbatten Duke Edinburgh [240]
Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom [2981]
Carl XVI King Sweden [324]
Queen Consort Camilla Shand [1017]
Diana Spencer Princess Wales [8877]
Great x 2 Grandfather: Ranulf I Duke Aquitaine
Great x 1 Grandfather: Ranulf II Duke Aquitaine
GrandFather: Ebles "Manzer aka Bastard" III Duke Aquitaine
Adelaide Poitiers Queen Consort France
GrandFather: Rollo Duke Normandy 
Mother: Gerloc aka Adela Normandy Duchess Aquitaine
GrandMother: Poppa Unknown Duchess Normandy