Abbot John Whethamstede’s Chronicle of the Abbey of St Albans
Abbot John Whethamstede's Register aka Chronicle of his second term at the Abbey of St Albans, 1451-1461, is a remarkable text that describes his first-hand experience of the beginning of the Wars of the Roses including the First and Second Battles of St Albans, 1455 and 1461, respectively, their cause, and their consequences, not least on the Abbey itself. His text also includes Loveday, Blore Heath, Northampton, the Act of Accord, Wakefield, and Towton, and ends with the Coronation of King Edward IV. In addition to the events of the Wars of the Roses, Abbot John, or his scribes who wrote the Chronicle, include details in the life of the Abbey such as charters, letters, land exchanges, visits by legates, and disputes, which provide a rich insight into the day-to-day life of the Abbey, and the challenges faced by its Abbot.
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Paternal Family Tree: Hanover
Maternal Family Tree: Caroline Hohenzollern Queen Consort England 1683-1737
On 22nd August 1705 [his father] King George II of Great Britain and Ireland [aged 21] and [his mother] Caroline Hohenzollern Queen Consort England [aged 22] were married. He the son of [his grandfather] King George I [aged 45] and [his grandmother] Sophia Dorothea of Celle [aged 38].
On 31st January 1707 or 1st February 1707 Frederick Louis Hanover Prince of Wales was born to King George II of Great Britain and Ireland [aged 23] and Caroline Hohenzollern Queen Consort England [aged 23].
In 1717 Frederick Louis Hanover Prince of Wales [aged 9] was appointed 529th Knight of the Garter by [his grandfather] King George I [aged 56].
The London Gazette 6494. Whitehall, July 15 [1726].
His Majesty has been pleased to create his Highness Prince Frederick [aged 19], a Baron, Viscount, Earl, Marquess, and Duke of the Kingdom of Great Britain, by the Names Stiles and Titles of Baron of Snaudon in the County of Caernarvon, Viscount of Lanceston in the County of Cornwall, Earl of Eltham in the County of Kent, Marquess of the Isle of Wight [Note. An error for Isle of Ely], and Duke of Edinburgh.
His Majesty has been pleased to create his Highness [his brother] Prince William [aged 5], a Baron, Viscount, Earl, Marquess, and Duke of the Kingdom of Great Britain, by the Names Stiles and Titles of Baron of the lsle of Alderney, Viscount of Trematon in the Councy of Cornwall, Earl of Kinnington in the County of Surrey, Marquess of Berkhamstead in the County of Hertford, and Duke of Cumberland.
On 11th June 1727 [his grandfather] King George I [aged 67] died. His son [his father] George [aged 43] succeeded II King Great Britain and Ireland. [his mother] Caroline Hohenzollern Queen Consort England [aged 44] by marriage Queen Consort England.
On 22nd October 1727 [his father] King George II of Great Britain and Ireland [aged 43] was crowned II King Great Britain and Ireland at Westminster Abbey [Map].
In 1728 James Lumley [aged 22] was appointed Groom of the Bedchamber to Frederick Louis Hanover Prince of Wales [aged 20].
In 1731 John Evelyn 2nd Baronet [aged 24] was appointed Equerry to Frederick Louis Hanover Prince of Wales [aged 23].
On 8th December 1731 Francis Howard 1st Earl of Effingham [aged 48] was created 1st Earl of Effingham by [his father] King George II of Great Britain and Ireland [aged 48].
On 4th June 1732 [his illegitimate son] Cornwall Fitzfrederick Vane was born illegitimately to Frederick Louis Hanover Prince of Wales [aged 25] and Anne Vane in St James' Street. He a grandson of King George II of Great Britain and Ireland.
Chronicle of Geoffrey le Baker of Swinbroke
Baker was a secular clerk from Swinbroke, now Swinbrook, an Oxfordshire village two miles east of Burford. His Chronicle describes the events of the period 1303-1356: Gaveston, Bannockburn, Boroughbridge, the murder of King Edward II, the Scottish Wars, Sluys, Crécy, the Black Death, Winchelsea and Poitiers. To quote Herbert Bruce 'it possesses a vigorous and characteristic style, and its value for particular events between 1303 and 1356 has been recognised by its editor and by subsequent writers'. The book provides remarkable detail about the events it describes. Baker's text has been augmented with hundreds of notes, including extracts from other contemporary chronicles, such as the Annales Londonienses, Annales Paulini, Murimuth, Lanercost, Avesbury, Guisborough and Froissart to enrich the reader's understanding. The translation takes as its source the 'Chronicon Galfridi le Baker de Swynebroke' published in 1889, edited by Edward Maunde Thompson.
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1733. Philippe Mercier [aged 44]. Frederick, Prince of Wales [aged 25], and His Sisters. Left to right [his sister] Princess Anne Hanover [aged 23], Princess Caroline Hanover [aged 19] and Princess Amelia Hanover [aged 21].
Princess Caroline Hanover: On 10th June 1713 she was born to King George II of Great Britain and Ireland and Caroline Hohenzollern Queen Consort England. Calendar of Treasury Warrants 1718 Sep. 7th September 1718. Royal warrant dated Hampton Court to the Attorney or Solicitor General for a great seal for a grant of a salary of 2,000l. a year to Jane, Countess Dowager of Portland, whom we have thought fit to appoint to be Governess to our dearly beloved grandchildren, the Lady Ann, the Lady Amelia and the Lady Carolina, daughters of our most dearly beloved son George Augustus, Prince of Wales: during pleasure: as from March 25 last. King's Warrant Book XXIX, p. 284. On 28th December 1757 Princess Caroline Hanover died.
In 1733 John Evelyn 2nd Baronet [aged 26] was appointed Groom of the Bedchamber to Frederick Louis Hanover Prince of Wales [aged 25].
On 23rd February 1736 [his illegitimate son] Cornwall Fitzfrederick Vane [aged 3] died.
On 8th May 1736 Frederick Louis Hanover Prince of Wales [aged 29] and Augusta Saxe Coburg Altenburg [aged 16] were married. She the daughter of Frederick Saxe Coburg Altenburg II Duke Saxe Gotha Altenburg and Magdalena Augusta Anhalt-Zerbst Duchess Saxe Gotha Altenburg. He the son of King George II of Great Britain and Ireland [aged 52] and Caroline Hohenzollern Queen Consort England [aged 53]. They were half fourth cousin once removed.
On 31st July 1737 [his daughter] Princess Augusta Charlotte Hanover was born to Frederick Louis Hanover Prince of Wales [aged 30] and [his wife] Augusta Saxe Coburg Altenburg [aged 17]. She a granddaughter of King George II of Great Britain and Ireland. She married 1764 Charles William Ferdinand Brunswick Bevern and had issue.
On 20th November 1737 [his mother] Caroline Hohenzollern Queen Consort England [aged 54] died.
In 1738 Frederick Louis Hanover Prince of Wales [aged 30] bought Park Place, Berkshire from Archibald Hamilton [aged 64].
On 4th June 1738 [his son] King George III of Great Britain and Ireland was born to Frederick Louis Hanover Prince of Wales [aged 31] and [his wife] Augusta Saxe Coburg Altenburg [aged 18] at Norfolk House, St James' Square. He a grandson of King George II of Great Britain and Ireland. He married 8th September 1761 his third cousin Charlotte Mecklenburg Strelitz Queen Consort England and had issue.
On 25th March 1739 [his son] Prince Edward Hanover 1st Duke of York was born to Frederick Louis Hanover Prince of Wales [aged 32] and [his wife] Augusta Saxe Coburg Altenburg [aged 19]. He a grandson of King George II of Great Britain and Ireland.
On 8th May 1740 [his brother-in-law] Frederick Hesse-Kassel [aged 19] and [his sister] Mary Hanover [aged 17] were married. She the daughter of [his father] King George II [aged 56]. She the daughter of King George II of Great Britain and Ireland and [his mother] Caroline Hohenzollern Queen Consort England. He the son of William Hesse-Kassel [aged 58]. They were fourth cousins.
On 10th January 1741 [his daughter] Elizabeth Hanover was born to Frederick Louis Hanover Prince of Wales [aged 33] and [his wife] Augusta Saxe Coburg Altenburg [aged 21]. She a granddaughter of King George II of Great Britain and Ireland.
On 25th November 1743 [his son] William Henry Hanover 1st Duke Gloucester and Edinburgh was born to Frederick Louis Hanover Prince of Wales [aged 36] and [his wife] Augusta Saxe Coburg Altenburg [aged 23]. He a grandson of King George II of Great Britain and Ireland. He married 1766 Maria Walpole Duchess Gloucester and Edinburgh and had issue.
Chronicle of Walter of Guisborough
A canon regular of the Augustinian Guisborough Priory, Yorkshire, formerly known as The Chronicle of Walter of Hemingburgh, describes the period from 1066 to 1346. Before 1274 the Chronicle is based on other works. Thereafter, the Chronicle is original, and a remarkable source for the events of the time. This book provides a translation of the Chronicle from that date. The Latin source for our translation is the 1849 work edited by Hans Claude Hamilton. Hamilton, in his preface, says: 'In the present work we behold perhaps one of the finest samples of our early chronicles, both as regards the value of the events recorded, and the correctness with which they are detailed; Nor will the pleasing style of composition be lightly passed over by those capable of seeing reflected from it the tokens of a vigorous and cultivated mind, and a favourable specimen of the learning and taste of the age in which it was framed.'
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On 11th December 1743 [his brother-in-law] Frederick V King of Denmark and Norway [aged 20] and [his sister] Louise Hanover Queen Consort Denmark and Norway [aged 18] were married. She by marriage Queen Consort Denmark and Norway. She the daughter of [his father] King George II of Great Britain and Ireland [aged 60] and [his mother] Caroline Hohenzollern Queen Consort England. He the son of Christian VI King of Denmark and Norway [aged 44]. They were third cousin once removed.
On 11th May 1745 the allied army commanded by [his brother] William Augustus Hanover 1st Duke Cumberland [aged 24] was defeated by a French army at the Battle of Fontenoy.
George Cholmondeley [aged 20], George Keppel 3rd Earl Albermarle [aged 21], Joseph Yorke 1st Baron Dover [aged 20] and John Waldegrave 3rd Earl Waldegrave [aged 27] fought.
Henry Ponsonby [aged 60], James Dillon and Robert Douglas were killed.
George Sackville aka Germain 1st Viscount Sackville [aged 29] led the charge of the Duke of Cumberland's infantry leading his regiment so deep into the French lines that when he was wounded and captured he was taken to the tent of Louis XV.
Louis 6th Duke of Gramont [aged 55] was killed. His son Antoine [aged 23] succeeded 7th Duke Gramont.
On 7th November 1745 [his son] Henry Frederick Hanover 1st Duke Cumberland and Strathearn was born to Frederick Louis Hanover Prince of Wales [aged 38] and [his wife] Augusta Saxe Coburg Altenburg [aged 25] at Leicester House. He a grandson of King George II of Great Britain and Ireland. He married 1771 Anne Luttrell Duchess Cumberland and Strathearn, daughter of Simon Luttrell 1st Earl Carhampton and Judith Maria Lawes Countess Carhampton.
On 16th April 1746 an English army commanded by [his brother] William Augustus Hanover 1st Duke Cumberland [aged 24] and John Mordaunt [aged 37] defeated the Scottish army of Charles Edward "Bonnie Prince Charlie" Stewart [aged 25] at the Battle of Culloden bring to an end the Jacobite Rising of 1745.
Bluett Wallop [aged 19] fought.
Robert Kerr was killed.
William Boyd 4th Earl Kilmarnock [aged 40] was captured.
Alexander Bannerman 3rd Baronet fought and escapted to France where he died a year later.
On 19th March 1749 [his daughter] Louisa Hanover was born to Frederick Louis Hanover Prince of Wales [aged 42] and [his wife] Augusta Saxe Coburg Altenburg [aged 29]. She a granddaughter of King George II of Great Britain and Ireland.
In 1750 Thomas Hudson [aged 49]. Portrait of Frederick Louis Hanover Prince of Wales [aged 42].
On 13th May 1750 [his son] Frederick Hanover was born to Frederick Louis Hanover Prince of Wales [aged 43] and [his wife] Augusta Saxe Coburg Altenburg [aged 30]. He a grandson of King George II of Great Britain and Ireland.
Before 31st March 1751 James Cresset [aged 37] was appointed Treasurer to Frederick Louis Hanover Prince of Wales [aged 44].
On 31st March 1751 Frederick Louis Hanover Prince of Wales [aged 44] died at Leicester House.
On 13th April 1751 Frederick Louis Hanover Prince of Wales [deceased] was buried at Westminster Abbey [Map].
On 11th July 1751 [his daughter] Caroline Matilda Hanover Queen Consort Denmark and Norway was born to Frederick Louis Hanover Prince of Wales and [his former wife] Augusta Saxe Coburg Altenburg [aged 31]. She a granddaughter of King George II of Great Britain and Ireland. She married 8th November 1766 her first cousin Christian VII King of Denmark and Norway, son of Frederick V King of Denmark and Norway and Louise Hanover Queen Consort Denmark and Norway, and had issue.
Letters of Horace Walpole. 13th May 1752. Arlington Street. To Horace Mann 1st Baronet [aged 45].
By this time you know my way, how much my letters grow out of season, as it grows summer. I believe it is six weeks since I wrote to you last; but there is not only the usual deadness of summer to account for my silence; England itself is no longer England. News, madness, parties, whims, and twenty other causes, that used to produce perpetual events are at an end; Florence itself is not more inactive. Politics, "Like arts and sciences are travelled west."
They are cot into Ireland, where there is as much bustle to carry a question in the House of Commons, as ever it was here in any year forty-one. Not that there is any opposition to the King's measures; out of three hundred members, there has never yet been a division of above twenty-eight against the government: they are much the most zealous subjects the king has. The Duke of Dorset [aged 64] has had the art to make them distinguish between loyalty and aversion to the Lord Lieutenant.
I last night received yours of May 5th; but I cannot deliver your expressions to Mr. Conway [aged 31], for he and Lady Ailesbury [aged 31] are gone to his regiment in Ireland for four months, which is a little rigorous, not only after an exile in Minorca, but more especially unpleasant now as they have just bought one of the most charming places in England, Park-place, which belonged to Lady Archibald Hamilton [aged 48], and then to the Prince. You have seen enough of Mr. Conway to judge how patiently he submits to his duty. Their little girl [aged 3] is left with me.
The Gunnings [Maria Gunning Countess Coventry [aged 19] and Elizabeth Gunning Duchess Hamilton and Argyll [aged 18]]are gone to their several castles, and one hears no more of them, except that such crowds flock to see the Duchess Hamilton pass, that seven hundred people sat up all night in and about an inn in Yorkshire to see her get into her postchaise next morning.
I saw lately at Mr. Barret's a print of Valombrosa, which I should be glad to have, if you please; though I don't think it gives much idea of the beauty of the place: but you know what a passion there is for it in England, as Milton has mentioned it.
Miss Blandy [deceased] died with a coolness of courage that is astonishing, and denying the fact310, which has made a kind of party in her favour as if a woman who would not stick at parricide, would scruple a lie!
We have made a law for immediate execution on conviction of murder: it will appear extraordinary to me if it has any effect;311 for I can't help believing that the terrible part of death must be the preparation for it.
Note 310. Miss Blandy was executed at Oxford, on the 6th of April, "I am perfectly innocent," she exclaimed, "of any intention to destroy or even hurt my dear father; so help me God in these my last moments!"-E.
Note 311. Smollett, on the contrary, was of opinion that the expedient had been productive of very good effects.-E.
In 1754 Jean Etienne Liotard [aged 51]. Portrait of Frederick Louis Hanover Prince of Wales.
In 1758 George Paulett 12th Marquess Winchester [aged 35] was appointed Gentleman Usher to Frederick Louis Hanover Prince of Wales and [his former wife] Augusta, Dowager Princess of Wales [aged 38] which office he held until her death in 1772.
On 8th February 1772 [his former wife] Augusta Saxe Coburg Altenburg [aged 52] died at Cartlon House.
Annals of the six Kings of England by Nicholas Trivet
Translation of the Annals of the Six Kings of England by that traces the rise and rule of the Angevin aka Plantagenet dynasty from the mid-12th to early 14th century. Written by the Dominican scholar Nicholas Trivet, the work offers a vivid account of English history from the reign of King Stephen through to the death of King Edward I, blending political narrative with moral reflection. Covering the reigns of six monarchs—from Stephen to Edward I—the chronicle explores royal authority, rebellion, war, and the shifting balance between crown, church, and nobility. Trivet provides detailed insight into defining moments such as baronial conflicts, Anglo-French rivalry, and the consolidation of royal power under Edward I, whose reign he describes with particular immediacy. The Annals combines careful year-by-year reporting with thoughtful interpretation, presenting history not merely as a sequence of events but as a moral and political lesson. Ideal for readers interested in medieval history, kingship, and the origins of the English state, this chronicle remains a valuable and accessible window into the turbulent world of the Plantagenet kings.
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On 29th October 1950 George Paulett 12th Marquess Winchester was appointed an Extra Gentleman Usher to Frederick, Prince of Wales, and served until the Prince's death in 1751.
Letters of Horace Walpole. Nugent is most affectedly an humble servant of Mr. Pelham, and seems only to have attached himself to the Prince, in order to make the better bargain with the ministry; he has great parts, but they never know how to disentangle themselves from bombast and absurdities. Besides those, there are two young men who make some figure in the rising Opposition, Bathurst(4) attorney to the Prince; and Potter, whom I believe you have had mentioned in my letters of last year; but he has a bad constitution, and is seldom able to be in town. Neither of these are in the scale of moderation.
(4) The Hon. Henry Bathurst, second heir of Allen, first Lord Bathurst, He became heir to the title upon the death, without issue, of his elder brother, the Hon. Benjamin Bathurst, in 1761. In 1746 he was appointed Attorney-General to Frederick, Prince of Wales; in 1754, one of the puisne judges of the Court of Common Pleas, and in 1771, Lord Chancellor. He was, upon this occasion, created a peer, by the title of Lord Apsley. He succeeded his father as second Earl Bathurst in 1775, and died in 1794.-D.
Kings Wessex: Great x 20 Grand Son of King Edmund "Ironside" I of England
Kings Gwynedd: Great x 17 Grand Son of Owain "Great" King Gwynedd
Kings Seisyllwg: Great x 23 Grand Son of Hywel "Dda aka Good" King Seisyllwg King Deheubarth
Kings Powys: Great x 18 Grand Son of Maredudd ap Bleddyn King Powys
Kings Godwinson: Great x 20 Grand Son of King Harold II of England
Kings England: Son of King George II of Great Britain and Ireland
Kings Scotland: Great x 19 Grand Son of King Duncan I of Scotland
Kings Franks: Great x 26 Grand Son of Charles "Charlemagne aka Great" King of the Franks King Lombardy Holy Roman Emperor
Kings France: Great x 10 Grand Son of Charles "Beloved Mad" VI King France
Kings Duke Aquitaine: Great x 24 Grand Son of Ranulf I Duke Aquitaine
Great x 2 Grandfather: George Hanover Duke Brunswick-Lüneburg 
Great x 1 Grandfather: Ernest Augustus Hanover Elector Brunswick-Lüneburg 13 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Landgrave George I of Hesse Darmstadt 10 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: Landgrave Louis V of Hesse-Darmstadt 11 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 2 Grandmother: Anne Eleonore Hesse Darmstadt Duchess Brunswick-Lüneburg 12 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
GrandFather: King George I Great Grand Son of King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland
Great x 4 Grandfather: Louis VI Elector Palatine 
10 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: Frederick IV Elector Palatine 11 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England
Great x 2 Grandfather: Frederick Palatinate Simmern V Elector Palatine Rhine 10 x Great Grand Son of King Henry III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: William "The Silent" Orange Nassau I Prince Orange
Great x 3 Grandmother: Electress Louise Juliana of the Palatine Rhine 9 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry III of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Charlotte Bourbon Princess Orange 
8 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry III of England
Great x 1 Grandmother: Electress Sophia Palatinate Simmern 
Grand Daughter of King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland
Great x 4 Grandfather: Henry "Lord Darnley" Stewart 
Great Grand Son of King Henry VII of England and Ireland
Great x 3 Grandfather: King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland 2 x Great Grand Son of King Henry VII of England and Ireland
Great x 4 Grandmother: Mary Queen of Scots 
Great Grand Daughter of King Henry VII of England and Ireland
Great x 2 Grandmother: Princess Elizabeth Stewart Queen Bohemia 
Daughter of King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland
Great x 4 Grandfather: Frederick II King of Denmark 
11 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 3 Grandmother: Anne of Denmark Queen Consort Scotland England and Ireland 12 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Sophie Mecklenburg-Schwerin Queen Consort Denmark 12 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Father: King George II of Great Britain and Ireland 2 x Great Grand Son of King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland
Great x 2 Grandfather: George Hanover Duke Brunswick-Lüneburg
Great x 1 Grandfather: George Wilhelm Hanover Duke Brunswick-Lüneburg 13 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Landgrave George I of Hesse Darmstadt 10 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: Landgrave Louis V of Hesse-Darmstadt 11 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 2 Grandmother: Anne Eleonore Hesse Darmstadt Duchess Brunswick-Lüneburg 12 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
GrandMother: Sophia Dorothea of Celle 14 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 1 Grandmother: Eleonore Esmier D'Olbreuse Duchess Brunswick-Lüneburg
Frederick Louis Hanover Prince of Wales Son of King George II of Great Britain and Ireland
Great x 4 Grandfather: Joachim Hohenzollern Margrave of Brandenburg 10 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: John George Hohenzollern Margrave of Brandenburg 11 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 2 Grandfather: Joachim Ernst Hohenzollern 12 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 3 Grandmother: Elisabeth of Anhalt-Zerbst
Great x 1 Grandfather: Albert Hohenzollern 13 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
GrandFather: John Frederick Hohenzollern 14 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Mother: Caroline Hohenzollern Queen Consort England 15 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England