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Biography of Mary Stewart Princess Orange 1631-1660

Paternal Family Tree: Stewart

Maternal Family Tree: Gersenda II Sabran Countess Provence 1180-1242

Proxy Marriage of Charles I and Henrietta Maria of France

On 1st May 1625 [her father] King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland (age 24) and [her mother] Henrietta Maria Bourbon Queen Consort England (age 15) were married by proxy at Notre Dame de Paris Cathedral [Map]. She by marriage Queen Consort England. She the daughter of [her grandfather] Henry IV King France and [her grandmother] Marie de Medici Queen Consort France (age 50). He the son of [her grandfather] King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland and [her grandmother] Anne of Denmark Queen Consort Scotland England and Ireland. They were third cousin once removed.

John Evelyn's Diary. 1631. There happened now an extraordinary dearth in England, corn bearing an excessive price; and, in imitation of what I had seen my father do, I began to observe matters more punctually, which I did use to set down in a blank almanac. The Lord of Castlehaven's (age 38) arraignment for many shameful exorbitances was now all the talk, and the birth of the Princess Mary, afterward Princess of Orange.

On 4th November 1631 Mary Stewart Princess Orange was born to [her father] King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland (age 30) and [her mother] Henrietta Maria Bourbon Queen Consort England (age 21).

On 19th December 1635 Mary Witham 1st Baronetess Bolles (age 56) was created 1st Lady Bolles then Jobson of Osberton by [her father] King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland (age 35). Possibly the only time a woman has been created a Baronet. There are examples of the widows of Baronets being given the rank of Baronet.

In 1638 [her brother] King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland (age 7) was appointed 437th Knight of the Garter by [her father] King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland (age 37).

In May 1638 George Stewart 9th Seigneur D'Aubigny (age 19) and Catherine Howard Countess Newburgh were married. They married in secret against the wishes of [her father] King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland (age 37). She the daughter of Theophilus Howard 2nd Earl Suffolk (age 55) and Elizabeth Home Countess Suffolk. He the son of Esmé Stewart 3rd Duke Lennox and Katherine Clifton Duchess Lennox. They were half fifth cousin once removed.

In 1640 Robert Heath (age 64) was appointed Lord Chief Justice by [her father] King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland (age 39).

After April 1640 Peter Ball was appointed Attorney General to [her mother] Henrietta Maria Bourbon Queen Consort England (age 30).

In 1641 Charles Cotterell (age 25) was appointed Master of the Ceremonies by [her father] King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland (age 40).

In 1641 Elizabeth Darcy 1st Countess Rivers (age 60) was created 1st Countess Rivers for life by [her father] King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland (age 40) since she had been passed over when her father's Earldom Countess Rivers passed from her father to her eldest son John Savage 2nd Earl Rivers (age 37).

In 1641 Alexander Leslie 1st Earl Leven (age 61) was created 1st Earl Leven by [her father] King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland (age 40).

All About History Books

The Chronicle of Abbot Ralph of Coggeshall describes the reigns of Kings Henry II, Richard I, John and Henry III, providing a wealth of information about their lives and the events of the time. Ralph's work is detailed, comprehensive and objective. We have augmented Ralph's text with extracts from other contemporary chroniclers to enrich the reader's experience. Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback.

John Evelyn's Diary. On the 27th April 1641, came over out of Holland the young [her future husband] Prince of Orange (age 14), with a splendid equipage, to make love to his [her father] Majesty's (age 40) eldest daughter (age 9), the now Princess Royal.

On 2nd May 1641 William Orange Nassau II Prince Orange (age 14) and Mary Stewart Princess Orange (age 9) were married. She the daughter of King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland (age 40) and Henrietta Maria Bourbon Queen Consort England (age 31).

Jul 1641 Creation of Baronets

On 6th September 1641 William Fermor 1st Baronet (age 20) was created 1st Baronet Fermor of Easton Neston in Northamptonshire by [her father] King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland (age 40) who also gave him the command of a troop of horse, and afterwards made him a Privy Councillor to [her brother] Charles, Prince of Wales (age 11).

In 1642 [her brother] James, Duke of York (age 8) was appointed 439th Knight of the Garter by [her father] King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland (age 41).

In 1642 Prince Rupert Palatinate Simmern 1st Duke Cumberland (age 22) was appointed 440th Knight of the Garter by his uncle [her father] King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland (age 41).

Battle of Edge Hill

On 14th October 1642 Richard Newport 1st Baron Newport (age 55) was created 1st Baron Newport of High Ercall in Shropshire; by [her father] King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland (age 41) in return for having provided £6000 for the purchase of artillery before the Battle of Edge Hill.

On 23rd October 1642 the Battle of Edge Hill was fought at Edge Hill [Map]. The Royal army was commanded by [her father] King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland (age 41) (with his son [her brother] King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland (age 12) present), Prince Rupert Palatinate Simmern 1st Duke Cumberland (age 22) and Richard Spencer (age 49) commanded the army that included Maurice Palatinate Simmern (age 21), Richard Byron 2nd Baron Byron (age 36), Lucius Carey 2nd Viscount Falkland (age 32), Charles Cavendish (age 22), Henry Newton aka Puckering 3rd Baronet (age 24), Spencer Compton 2nd Earl of Northampton (age 41), Thomas Salusbury 2nd Baronet (age 30), John Byron 1st Baron Byron (age 43) and William Feilding 1st Earl Denbigh (age 55).

George Stewart 9th Seigneur D'Aubigny (age 24) was killed.

Of the Parliamentary army Basil Feilding 2nd Earl Denbigh (age 34) and Robert Devereux 3rd Earl Essex (age 51). Oliver St John 5th Baron St John (age 39) was wounded.

Samuel Sandys (age 27) commanded a troop of horse.

Richard Sandys (age 26) was killed.

Thomas Strickland (age 20) was knighted on the field for his gallantry.

Henry Hunloke 1st Baronet (age 24) was knighted by King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland.

William Dugdale (age 37) witnessed the battle and subsequently surveyed the battlefield.

John Hinton (age 38) was present.

Edward Verney (age 52) was killed.

John Assheton (age 29) was killed.

Robert Bertie 1st Earl Lindsey (age 59) was killed. His son Montagu (age 34) succeeded 2nd Earl Lindsey, 15th Baron Willoughby de Eresby.

William Pennyman 1st Baronet (age 35) commanded a regiment, of which he served as Colonel, which he led for the King.

Edward Stradling 2nd Baronet (age 42) fought for the King, was captured imprisoned for seven months, and died a month after his release.

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On 28th February 1643 Henry Hunloke 1st Baronet (age 25) was created 1st Baronet Hunloke of Wingerworth in Derbyshire by [her father] King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland (age 42).

First Battle of Newbury

On 20th September 1643 the First Battle of Newbury was fought at Newbury, Berkshire [Map] with [her father] King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland (age 42) commanding the Royalist army and Robert Devereux 3rd Earl Essex (age 52) commanding the victorious Parliamentary army. For King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland John Byron 1st Baron Byron (age 44) fought with distinction.

Henry Bertie was killed.

Robert Dormer 1st Earl Carnarvon (age 33) was killed. His son Charles (age 10) succeeded 2nd Earl Carnarvon, 3rd Baron Dormer of Wyng in Buckinghamshire, 3rd Baronet Dormer of Wyng in Buckinghamshire.

William Villiers 2nd Viscount Grandison (age 29) was killed. His brother John succeeded 3rd Viscount Grandison.

Edward Villiers (age 23) fought.

Lucius Carey 2nd Viscount Falkland (age 33) was killed. His son Lucius (age 11) succeeded 3rd Viscount Falkland.

Richard Neville (age 28) served under the Earl Carnarvon. Carnarvon was killed and Neville took up the command as a Colonel of Horse.

Major General Charles Fleetwood (age 25) was wounded.

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All About History Books

The Chronicle of Abbot Ralph of Coggeshall describes the reigns of Kings Henry II, Richard I, John and Henry III, providing a wealth of information about their lives and the events of the time. Ralph's work is detailed, comprehensive and objective. We have augmented Ralph's text with extracts from other contemporary chroniclers to enrich the reader's experience. Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback.

On 23rd May 1644 Alice Leigh 1st Duchess Dudley (age 66) was created 1st Duchess Dudley by [her father] King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland (age 43) for life. Her husband Robert Dudley (age 69) had claimed to be the legitimate son of Robert Dudley 1st Earl of Leicester but the Star Chamber found against him. King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland disagreed with their verdict and, in compensation of her subsequent treatment, awarded her the Dukedom... See Patent of Creation.

In November 1644 George Goring 1st Earl Norwich (age 59) was created 1st Earl Norwich by [her brother] King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland (age 14) for his support during the Civil War. The last Earl Norwich of the previous creation was his uncle Edward Denny 1st Earl Norwich brother of his mother Anne Denny (age 77).

In 1645 [her husband] William Orange Nassau II Prince Orange (age 18) was appointed 441st Knight of the Garter by [her father] King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland (age 44)..

King Charles I Rewards his Supporters

On 3rd January 1645 [her father] King Charles I (age 44) rewarded his supporters with Baronies...

John Brooke 1st Baron Cobham (age 69) was created 1st Baron Cobham. Frances Bampfield Baroness Cobham by marriage Baroness Cobham.

John Lucas 1st Baron Lucas Shenfield (age 38) was created 1st Baron Lucas of Shenfield with special remainder to the male issue of his brother Thomas Lucas (age 66).

On 12th April 1645 Colonel William Legge was appointed Groom of the Bedchamber to [her father] King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland (age 44).

On 8th July 1645 Francis Hawley 1st Baron Hawley (age 37) was created 1st Baron Hawley of Donsmore by [her father] King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland (age 44).

In 1646 Elizabeth Capell (age 54) died in the Channel Islands [Map] to where her husband had travelled with [her brother] King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland (age 15).

On 14th March 1647 [her father-in-law] Frederick Henry Orange Nassau II Prince Orange (age 63) died. His son [her husband] William (age 20) succeeded II Prince Orange. Mary Stewart Princess Orange (age 15) by marriage Princess Orange.

In 1648 [her brother] King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland (age 17) travelled to where his sister Mary Stewart Princess Orange (age 16) and brother in law [her husband] William Orange Nassau II Prince Orange (age 21) were living at The Hague.

After January 1649 Henry Wilmot 1st Earl Rochester (age 36) was appointed Gentlemen of the Bedchamber to [her brother] King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland (age 18).

Execution of Charles I

On 30th January 1649 [her father] Charles I (age 48) was beheaded with one clean stroke outside the Banqueting House, Whitehall Palace [Map]. He put his head on the block and, after saying a prayer, he signalled the executioner when he was ready by stretching out his hands.

In 1650 Charles Lyttelton 3rd Baronet (age 22) was appointed Cupbearer to [her brother] King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland (age 19) while the King was in exile.

On 4th November 1650 [her son] King William III of England, Scotland and Ireland was born to [her husband] William Orange Nassau II Prince Orange (age 24) and Mary Stewart Princess Orange (age 19). He a grandson of King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland. He married 4th November 1677 his first cousin Mary Stewart II Queen England Scotland and Ireland, daughter of King James II of England Scotland and Ireland and Anne Hyde Duchess of York.

On 6th November 1650 [her husband] William Orange Nassau II Prince Orange (age 24) died. His son [her son] William succeeded III Prince Orange.

Charles II Crowned King Scotland

On 1st January 1651 [her brother] King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland (age 20) was crowned II King Scotland at Scone Abbey [Map].

In 1652 William Crofts 1st Baron Crofts (age 41) was appointed Gentlemen of the Bedchamber to the exiled [her brother] King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland (age 21).

All About History Books

The Chronicle of Walter of Guisborough, a canon regular of the Augustinian Guisborough Priory, Yorkshire, formerly known as The Chronicle of Walter of Hemingburgh, describes the period from 1066 to 1346. Before 1274 the Chronicle is based on other works. Thereafter, the Chronicle is original, and a remarkable source for the events of the time. This book provides a translation of the Chronicle from that date. The Latin source for our translation is the 1849 work edited by Hans Claude Hamilton. Hamilton, in his preface, says: "In the present work we behold perhaps one of the finest samples of our early chronicles, both as regards the value of the events recorded, and the correctness with which they are detailed; Nor will the pleasing style of composition be lightly passed over by those capable of seeing reflected from it the tokens of a vigorous and cultivated mind, and a favourable specimen of the learning and taste of the age in which it was framed." Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback.

In 1653 [her brother] Henry Stewart 1st Duke Gloucester (age 12) was appointed 454th Knight of the Garter by [her brother] King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland (age 22).

Before 1656 Gerrit van Honthorst (age 63). Portrait of Mary Stewart Princess Orange (age 24).

In 1656 John Middleton 1st Earl Middleton (age 48) was created 1st Earl Middleton by [her brother] King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland (age 25) whilst in exile. Grizel Durham Countess Middleton by marriage Countess Middleton.

In 1656 Adriaen Hanneman (age 53). Portrait of Mary Stewart Princess Orange (age 24).

After 1657 Colonel Silius Titus (age 34) was appointed Groom of the Bedchamber by [her brother] King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland (age 26) for having published a pamphlet "Killing No Murder" advocating the assassination of Oliver Cromwell (age 57).

Around 1658 Adriaen Hanneman (age 55). Portrait of Mary Stewart Princess Orange (age 26).

In 1659 Thomas Allen 1st Baronet (age 26) was appointed Lord Mayor of London in which role he welcomed [her brother] King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland (age 28) into the City of London on 29th May 1660; an important step to his Restoration.

On 13th May 1659 [her brother] Henry Stewart 1st Duke Gloucester (age 18) was created 1st Duke Gloucester, 1st Earl Cambridge by [her father] King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland.

All About History Books

The Chronicle of Abbot Ralph of Coggeshall describes the reigns of Kings Henry II, Richard I, John and Henry III, providing a wealth of information about their lives and the events of the time. Ralph's work is detailed, comprehensive and objective. We have augmented Ralph's text with extracts from other contemporary chroniclers to enrich the reader's experience. Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback.

In 1660 George Hamilton 1st Baronet of Donalong (age 53) was created 1st Baronet Donalong by [her brother] King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland (age 29) for his allegiance to the Crown.

In 1660 Thomas Howard 5th Duke of Norfolk (age 32) was restored 5th Duke Norfolk by [her father] King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland in response to a petition by Parliament it having previously been forfeited in 1572 by his great-great-grandfather Thomas Howard 4th Duke of Norfolk who had been executed for his involvement in the Ridolphi Plot.

After 1660 Robert Streater (age 39) was appointed Serjeant to [her brother] King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland (age 29).

Samuel Pepys' Diary. 14th May 1660. In the morning when I woke and rose, I saw myself out of the scuttle close by the shore, which afterwards I was told to be the Dutch shore; the Hague was clearly to be seen by us. My Lord went up in his nightgown into the cuddy1, to see how to dispose thereof for himself and us that belong to him, to give order for our removal to-day. Some nasty Dutchmen came on board to proffer their boats to carry things from us on shore, &c., to get money by us. Before noon some gentlemen came on board from the shore to kiss my Lord's hands. And by and by Mr. North (age 24) and Dr. Clerke went to kiss the Queen of Bohemia's' hands, from my Lord, with twelve attendants from on board to wait on them, among which I sent my boy, who, like myself, is with child to see any strange thing. After noon they came back again after having kissed the [her aunt] Queen of Bohemia's (age 63) hand, and were sent again by my Lord to do the same to the [her son] Prince of Orange (age 9)2.

Note 1. "A sort of cabin or cook-room, generally in the fore-part, but sometimes near the stern of lighters and barges of burden".-Smyth's Sailor's Word-Book.

Note 2. Son of the [her former husband] Prince of Orange and Mary (age 28), eldest daughter of Charles I afterwards William III He was then in his tenth year, having been born in 1650.

Samuel Pepys' Diary. 16th May 1660. Soon as I was up I went down to be trimmed below in the great cabin, but then come in some with visits, among the rest one from Admiral Opdam1, who spoke Latin well, but not French nor English, to whom my Lord made me to give his answer and to entertain; he brought my Lord a tierce of wine and a barrel of butter, as a present from the Admiral. After that to finish my trimming, and while I was doing of it in comes Mr. North very sea-sick from shore, and to bed he goes. After that to dinner, where Commissioner Pett was come to take care to get all things ready for the King on board. My Lord in his best suit, this the first day, in expectation to wait upon the King. But Mr. Edw. Pickering (age 42) coming from the King brought word that the King would not put my Lord to the trouble of coming to him; but that he would come to the shore to look upon the fleet to-day, which we expected, and had our guns ready to fire, and our scarlet waistcloathes out and silk pendants, but he did not come. My Lord and we at ninepins this afternoon upon the Quarterdeck, which was very pretty sport. This evening came Mr. John Pickering on board, like an ass, with his feathers and new suit that he had made at the Hague. My Lord very angry for his staying on shore, bidding me a little before to send to him, telling me that he was afraid that for his father's sake he might have some mischief done him, unless he used the General's name. To supper, and after supper to cards. I stood by and looked on till 11 at night and so to bed. This afternoon Mr. Edwd. Pickering told me in what a sad, poor condition for clothes and money the King was, and all his attendants, when he came to him first from my Lord, their clothes not being worth forty shillings the best of them2. And how overjoyed the King was when Sir J. Greenville brought him some money; so joyful, that he called the Princess Royal (age 28) and [her brother] Duke of York (age 26) to look upon it as it lay in the portmanteau before it was taken out. My Lord told me, too, that the Duke of York is made High Admiral of England.

Note 1. The admiral celebrated in Lord Dorset's ballad,

To all you ladies now at land.

Should foggy Opdam chance to know

Our sad and dismal story;

The Dutch would scorn so weak a foe,

And quit their fort at Goree

For what resistance can they find

. From men who've left their hearts behind? B.

Note 2. Andrew Marvell alludes to the poor condition, for clothes and money, in which the King was at this time, in "A Historical Poem":-

At length, by wonderful impulse of fate,

The people call him back to help the State;

And what is more, they send him money, too,

And clothe him all from head to foot anew.

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Samuel Pepys' Diary. 17th May 1660. Up early to write down my last two days' observations. Dr. Clerke came to me to tell me that he heard this morning, by some Dutch that are come on board already to see the ship, that there was a Portuguese taken yesterday at the Hague, that had a design to kill the King. But this I heard afterwards was only the mistake upon one being observed to walk with his sword naked, he having lost his scabbard. Before dinner Mr. Edw. Pickering (age 42) and I, W. Howe, Pim, and my boy (age 12), to Scheveling, where we took coach, and so to the Hague, where walking, intending to find one that might show us the King incognito, I met with Captain Whittington (that had formerly brought a letter to my Lord from the Mayor of London) and he did promise me to do it, but first we went and dined at a French house, but paid 16s. for our part of the club. At dinner in came Dr. Cade, a merry mad parson of the [her brother] King's (age 29). And they two after dinner got the child and me (the others not being able to crowd in) to see the King, who kissed the child very affectionately. Then we kissed his, and the Duke of York's, and the Princess Royal's hands. The King seems to be a very sober man; and a very splendid Court he hath in the number of persons of quality that are about him, English very rich in habit. From the King to the Lord Chancellor1, who did lie bed-rid of the gout: he spoke very merrily to the child and me. After that, going to see the Queen of Bohemia, I met with Dr. Fullers whom I sent to a tavern with Mr. Edw. Pickering, while I and the rest went to see the [her mother] Queen (age 50), who used us very respectfully; her hand we all kissed. She seems a very debonaire, but plain lady. After that to the Dr.'s, where we drank a while or so. In a coach of a friend's of Dr. Cade we went to see a house of the Princess Dowager's (age 28)2 in a park about half-a-mile or a mile from the Hague, where there is one, the most beautiful room for pictures in the whole world. She had here one picture upon the top, with these words, dedicating it to the memory of her husband:-"Incomparabili marito, inconsolabilis vidua".

Note 1. On January 29th, 1658, Charles II entrusted the Great Seal to Sir Edward Hyde (age 51), with the title of Lord Chancellor, and in that character Sir Edward accompanied the King to England.

Note 2. Mary, Princess Royal, eldest daughter of [her father] Charles I, and widow of [her former husband] William of Nassau, Prince of Orange. She was not supposed to be inconsolable, and scandal followed her at the court of Charles II, where she died of small-pox, December 24th, 1660.

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Charles II Proclaimed

On 29th May 1660, his thirtieth birthday, [her brother] King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland (age 30) was restored II King England Scotland and Ireland.

John Evelyn 1st Baronet (age 27) was created 1st Baronet Evelyn of Godstone. This is the first Baronetcy Charles II created following his Restoration indicating the high regard in which he held John Evelyn and the Evelyn family including John Evelyn (age 39).

1660 June Creation of Baronets

In June 1660 [her brother] King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland (age 30) rewarded those who supported his Restoration...

6th William Wray 1st Baronet (age 35) and John Talbot of Lacock (age 29) were knighted.

7th Geoffrey Palmer 1st Baronet (age 62) was created 1st Baronet Palmer of Carlton in Northampton

7th Orlando Bridgeman 1st Baronet (age 54) was created 1st Baronet Bridgeman of Great Lever in Lancashire.

7th John Langham 1st Baronet (age 76) was created 1st Baronet Langham of Cottesbrooke in Northamptonshire.

11th Henry Wright 1st Baronet (age 23) was created 1st Baronet Wright of Dagenham. Ann Crew Lady Wright by marriage Lady Wright of Dagenham.

13th Nicholas Gould 1st Baronet was created 1st Baronet Gould of the City of London.

14th Thomas Allen 1st Baronet (age 27) was created 1st Baronet Allen of Totteridge in Middlesex.

18th Thomas Cullum 1st Baronet (age 73) was created 1st Baronet Cullum of Hastede in Suffolk.

19th Thomas Darcy 1st Baronet (age 28) was created 1st Baronet Darcy of St Osith's.

22nd Robert Cordell 1st Baronet was created 1st Baronet Cordell of Long Melford.

22nd John Robinson 1st Baronet (age 45) was created 1st Baronet Robinson of London. Anne Whitmore Lady Robinson (age 48) by marriage Lady Robinson of London.

25th William Bowyer 1st Baronet (age 47) was created 1st Baronet Bowyer of Denham Court. Margaret Weld Lady Bowyer (age 43) by marriage Lady Bowyer of Denham Court.

25th Thomas Stanley 1st Baronet (age 63) was created 1st Baronet Stanley of Alderley in Cheshire.

26th Jacob Astley 1st Baronet (age 21) was created 1st Baronet Astley of Hill Morton.

27th William Wray 1st Baronet was created 1st Baronet Wray of Ashby in Lincolnshire. Olympia Tufton Lady Ashby (age 36) by marriage Lady Wray of Ashby in Lincolnshire.

28th Oliver St John 1st Baronet (age 36) was created 1st Baronet St John of Woodford in Northamptonshire.

29th Ralph Delaval 1st Baronet (age 37) was created 1st Baronet Delaval of Seaton in Northumberland. Anne Leslie Lady Delaval by marriage Lady Delaval of Seaton in Northumberland.

30th Andrew Henley 1st Baronet (age 38) was created 1st Baronet Henley of Henley in Somerset.

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1660 July Creation of Peerages

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1660 August Creation of Baronets

In August 1660 [her brother] King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland (age 30) rewarded those who supported his Restoration by awarding them Baronetcies...

On 2nd August 1660 Hugh Smithson 1st Baronet (age 62) was created 1st Baronet Smithson of Stanwick in Yorkshire.

On 10th August 1660 Peter Leicester 1st Baronet (age 46) was created 1st Baronet Leicester of Tabley in Cheshire. Elizabeth Gerard Lady Leicester by marriage Lady Leicester of Tabley in Cheshire.

On 11th August 1660 William wheler 1st Baronet 1611 1666 (age 49) was created 1st Baronet Wheler of the City of Westminster with a special remainder failing the heirs male of his body, "to Charles Wheeler (age 40) [rectius Wheler], cosin to the said Sir William and the heires males of the body of the said Sir Charles."

On 16th August 1660 Thomas Lee 1st Baronet (age 25) was created 1st Baronet Lee of Hartwell in Buckinghamshire.

On 16th August 1660 John Newton 1st Baronet (age 49) was created 1st Baronet Newton of Barrs Court.

On 16th August 1660 Thomas Smith 1st Baronet (age 38) was created 1st Baronet Smith of Hatherton in Cheshire.

On 31st August 1660 John Drake 1st Baronet (age 35) was created 1st Baronet Drake of Ashe in Devon. Dionise Strode Lady Drake by marriage Lady Drake of Ashe in Devon.

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On 3rd September 1660 [her brother] James, Duke of York (age 26) and [her sister-in-law] Anne Hyde (age 23) were married in secret. She by marriage Duchess York. She gave birth to their son [her nephew] Charles Stewart seven weeks later. She the daughter of Edward Hyde 1st Earl Clarendon (age 51) and Frances Aylesbury Countess Clarendon (age 43). He the son of [her father] King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland and [her mother] Henrietta Maria Bourbon Queen Consort England (age 50).

On 13th September 1660 [her brother] Henry Stewart 1st Duke Gloucester (age 20) died of smallpox. Duke Gloucester and Earl Cambridge extinct. He was buried at Westminster Abbey [Map] in the same vault as Mary Queen of Scots.

John Evelyn's Diary. 27th September 1660. The [her brother] King (age 30) received the merchant's addresses in his closet, giving them assurances of his persisting to keep Jamaica, choosing Sir Edward Massey Governor (age 41). In the afternoon, the Danish Ambassador's condolences were presented, on the death of the [her brother] Duke of Gloucester (deceased). This evening, I saw the Princess Royal (age 28), mother to the Prince of Orange, now come out of Holland in a fatal period.

1660 November Creation of Baronets

In November 1660 [her brother] King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland (age 30) rewarded of further tranche of those who supported his Restoration by awarding them Baronetcies...

On 8th November 1660 William Russell 1st Baronet was created 1st Baronet Russell of Laugherne in Carmarthenshire.

On 12th November 1660 John Cutler 1st Baronet (age 57) was created 1st Baronet Cutler of London.

On 21st November 1660 John Clotworthy 1st Viscount Massereene was created 1st Viscount Massereene, 1st Baron Lough Neagh, in the Irish peerage, with remainder in default of male heirs to his son-in-law. See Viscountcies of England Created with a Special Remainder.

On 21st November 1660 Thomas Foote 1st Baronet (age 62) was created 1st Baronet Foote of London with a special remainder for title to revert on his death to his son-in-law, Arthur Onslow of West Clandon (age 36).

On 29th November 1660 John Wroth 1st Baronet (age 33) was created 1st Baronet Wroth of Blenden Hall in Kent.

1660 December Creation of Baronets and Peerages

In December 1660 [her brother] King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland (age 30) rewarded of further tranche of those who supported his Restoration by awarding them Baronetcies...

On 3rd December 1660 George Winn 1st Baronet (age 53) was created 1st Baronet Winn of Nostel in Yorkshire.

On 22nd December 1660 John Keyt 1st Baronet (age 44) was created 1st Baronet Keyt of Ebrington in Gloucestershire for having raised a troop of horse to fight in the Royalist cause.

On 24th December 1660 William Frankland 1st Baronet (age 20) was created 1st Baronet Frankland of Thirkleby in Yorkshire.

Samuel Pepys' Diary. 20th December 1660. All day at home with my workmen, that I may get all done before Christmas. This day I hear that the Princess Royal (age 29) has the small pox.

Samuel Pepys' Diary. 21st December 1660. To my Lady's, and dined with her: she told me how dangerously ill the Princess Royal (age 29) is and that this morning she was said to be dead. But she hears that she hath married herself to young Jermyn, which is worse than the [her brother] Duke of York's (age 27) marrying the Chancellor's daughter, which is now publicly owned.

John Evelyn's Diary. 21st December 1660. This day died the Princess of Orange (age 29), of the smallpox, which entirely altered the face and gallantry of the whole Court.

John Evelyn's Diary. 22nd December 1660. The marriage of the Chancellor's (age 51) [her sister-in-law] daughter (age 23) being now newly owned, I went to see her, she being Sir Richard Browne's (age 55) intimate acquaintance when she waited on the Princess of Orange (age 29); she was now at her father's, at Worcester House, in the Strand. We all kissed her hand, as did also my Lord Chamberlain (age 58) (Manchester) and Countess of Northumberland (age 37). This was a strange change-can it succeed well?-I spent the evening at St. James's, whither the [her sister] Princess Henrietta (age 16) was retired during the fatal sickness of her sister, the Princess of Orange, now come over to salute the [her brother] King (age 30) her brother. The Princess gave my wife (age 25) an extraordinary compliment and gracious acceptance, for the "Character" she had presented her the day before, and which was afterward printed.

Samuel Pepys' Diary. 24th December 1660. To the office again in the afternoon till night, and so home, and with the painters till 10 at night, making an end of my house and the arch before my door, and so this night I was rid of them and all other work, and my house was made ready against to-morrow being Christmas day. This day the Princess Royal (age 29) died at Whitehall.

On 24th December 1660 Mary Stewart Princess Orange (age 29) died of smallpox. Her brother [her brother] Henry Stewart 1st Duke Gloucester had also died of smallpox a few weeks before; she was buried in the same vault in the King Henry VII Chapel, Westminster Abbey [Map] on 2nd January 1661.

John Evelyn's Diary. 25th December 1660. Preached at the Abbey [Map], Dr. Earle (age 59), Clerk of his Majesty's Closet, and my dear friend, now Dean of Westminster Abbey, on Luke II 13, 14, condoling the breach made in the public joy by the lamented death of the Princess (deceased).

John Evelyn's Diary. 28th July 1664. Came to see me Monsieur Zuylichen (age 67), Secretary to the Prince of Orange, an excellent Latin poet, a rare lutinist, with Monsieur Oudart.

All About History Books

The Deeds of King Henry V, or in Latin Henrici Quinti, Angliæ Regis, Gesta, is a first-hand account of the Agincourt Campaign, and subsequent events to his death in 1422. The author of the first part was a Chaplain in King Henry's retinue who was present from King Henry's departure at Southampton in 1415, at the siege of Harfleur, the battle of Agincourt, and the celebrations on King Henry's return to London. The second part, by another writer, relates the events that took place including the negotiations at Troye, Henry's marriage and his death in 1422.

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John Evelyn's Diary. 4th November 1670. Saw the [her son] Prince of Orange (age 20), newly come to see the [her brother] King (age 40), his uncle; he has a manly, courageous, wise countenance, resembling his mother and the [her brother] Duke of Gloucester, both deceased.

Grammont. The queen's court was always very numerous; that of the duchess was less so, but more select. This princess had a majestic air, a pretty good shape, not much beauty, a great deal of wit, and so just a discernment of merit, that, whoever of either sex were possessed of it, were sure to be distinguished by her: an air of grandeur in all her actions made her be considered as if born to support the rank which placed her so near the throne. The [her mother] queen dowager returned after the marriage of the Princess Royal, and it was in her court that the two others met.

Grammont. The beau Sydney, less dangerous than he appeared to be, had not sufficient vivacity to support the impression which his figure made; but little Jermyn was on all sides successful in his intrigues.

The old Earl of St. Albans, his uncle, had for a long time adopted him, though the youngest of all his nephews. It is well known what a table the good man kept at Paris, while the King his master was starving at Brussels, and the [her mother] Queen Dowager, his mistress, lived not over well in France.

Jermyn, supported by his uncle's wealth, found it no difficult matter to make a considerable figure upon his arrival at the court of the Princess of Orange: the poor courtiers of the king her brother could not vie with him in point of equipage and magnificence; and these two articles often produce as much success in love as real merit: there is no necessity for any other example than the present; for though Jermyn was brave, and certainly a gentleman, yet he had neither brilliant actions, nor distinguished rank, to set him off; and as for his figure, there was nothing advantageous in it. He was little; his head was large and his legs small; his features were not disagreeable, but he was affected in his carriage and behaviour. All his wit consisted in expressions learnt by rote, which he occasionally employed either in raillery or in love. This was the whole foundation of the merit of a man so formidable in amours.

Grammont. It was in the height of the rejoicings they were making for this new queen, in all the splendour of a brilliant court, that the Chevalier de Grammont arrived to contribute to its magnificence and diversions.

Accustomed as he was to the grandeur of the court of France, he was surprised at the politeness and splendour of the court of England. The [her brother] king was inferior to none, either in shape or air; his wit was pleasant; his disposition easy and affable; his soul, susceptible of opposite impressions, was compassionate to the unhappy, inflexible to the wicked, and tender even to excess; he showed great abilities in urgent affairs, but was incapable of application to any that were not so: his heart was often the dupe, but oftener the slave, of his engagements.

The character of the [her brother] Duke of York was entirely different he had the reputation of undaunted courage, an inviolable attachment for his word, great economy in his affairs, hauteur, application, arrogance, each in their turn: a scrupulous observer of the rules of duty and the laws of justice; he was accounted a faithful friend, and an implacable enemy.

His morality and justice, struggling for some time with prejudice, had at last triumphed, by his acknowledging for his wife Miss Hyde, maid of honour to the Princess Royal, whom he had secretly married in Holland. Her father, from that time prime minister of England, supported by this new interest, soon rose to the head of affairs, and had almost ruined them: not that he wanted capacity, but he was too self-sufficient.

Grammont. The necessity of affairs had exposed [her brother] Charles II from his earliest youth to the toils and perils of a bloody war. The fate of the [her father] king his father had left him for inheritance nothing but his misfortunes and disgraces. They overtook him everywhere; but it was not until he had struggled with his ill-fortune to the last extremity that he submitted to the decrees of Providence.

All those who were either great on account of their birth or their loyalty had followed him into exile; and all the young persons of the greatest distinction having afterwards joined him, composed a court worthy of a better fate.

Plenty and prosperity, which are thought to tend only to corrupt manners, found nothing to spoil in an indigent and wandering court. Necessity, on the contrary, which produces a thousand advantages whether we will or no, served them for education; and nothing was to be seen among them but an emulation in glory, politeness, and virtue.

With this little court, in such high esteem for merit, the King of England returned two years prior to the period we mention, to ascend a throne which, to all appearances, he was to fill as worthily as the most glorious of his predecessors. The magnificence displayed on thus occasion was renewed at his coronation.

The death of the [her brother] Duke of Gloucester, and of the Princess Royal, which followed soon after, had interrupted the course of this splendour by a tedious mourning, which they quitted at last to prepare for the reception of the Infanta of Portugal.

Grammont. The Princess Royal was the first who was taken with him: Miss Hyde seemed to be following the steps of her mistress: this immediately brought him into credit, and his reputation was established in England before his arrival. Prepossession in the minds of women is sufficient to find access to their hearts: Jermyn found them in dispositions so favourable for him, that he had nothing to do but to speak.

It was in vain they perceived that a reputation so lightly established, was still more weakly sustained: the prejudice remained: the Countess of Castlemaine, a woman lively and discerning, followed the delusive shadow; and though undeceived in a reputation which promised so much, and performed so little, she nevertheless continued in her infatuation: she even persisted in it, until she was upon the point of embroiling herself with the king; so great was this first instance of her constancy.

Mary Stewart Princess Orange 1631-1660 appears on the following Descendants Family Trees:

Royal Ancestors of Mary Stewart Princess Orange 1631-1660

Kings Wessex: Great x 17 Grand Daughter of King Edmund "Ironside" I of England

Kings Gwynedd: Great x 14 Grand Daughter of Owain "Great" King Gwynedd

Kings Seisyllwg: Great x 20 Grand Daughter of Hywel "Dda aka Good" King Seisyllwg King Deheubarth

Kings Powys: Great x 15 Grand Daughter of Maredudd ap Bleddyn King Powys

Kings England: Daughter of King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland

Kings Scotland: Great x 16 Grand Daughter of King Duncan I of Scotland

Kings Franks: Great x 13 Grand Daughter of Louis VII King Franks

Kings France: Grand Daughter of Henry IV King France

Kings Duke Aquitaine: Great x 21 Grand Daughter of Ranulf I Duke Aquitaine

Royal Descendants of Mary Stewart Princess Orange 1631-1660
Number after indicates the number of unique routes of descent. Descendants of Kings and Queens not included.

King William III of England, Scotland and Ireland [1]

Ancestors of Mary Stewart Princess Orange 1631-1660

Great x 4 Grandfather: Matthew Stewart 2nd Earl Lennox 11 x Great Grand Son of King John of England

Great x 3 Grandfather: John Stewart 3rd Earl Lennox 5 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Elizabeth Hamilton Countess Lennox 4 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England

Great x 2 Grandfather: Matthew Stewart 4th Earl Lennox 4 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: John Stewart 1st Earl Atholl 2 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Great x 3 Grandmother: Isabel or Elizabeth Stewart Countess Lennox 3 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Eleanor Sinclair Countess Atholl 7 x Great Grand Daughter of King John of England

Great x 1 Grandfather: Henry "Lord Darnley" Stewart Great Grand Son of King Henry VII of England and Ireland

Great x 4 Grandfather: George Douglas 9 x Great Grand Son of King John of England

Great x 3 Grandfather: Archibald Douglas 6th Earl Angus 10 x Great Grand Son of King John of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Elizabeth Drummond m Douglas

Great x 2 Grandmother: Margaret Douglas Countess Lennox Grand Daughter of King Henry VII of England and Ireland

Great x 4 Grandfather: King Henry VII of England and Ireland 3 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Great x 3 Grandmother: Margaret Tudor Queen Scotland Daughter of King Henry VII of England and Ireland

Great x 4 Grandmother: Elizabeth York Queen Consort England Daughter of King Edward IV of England

GrandFather: King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland 2 x Great Grand Son of King Henry VII of England and Ireland

Great x 4 Grandfather: King James III of Scotland 3 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Great x 3 Grandfather: King James IV of Scotland 4 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Great x 2 Grandfather: King James V of Scotland Grand Son of King Henry VII of England and Ireland

Great x 4 Grandfather: King Henry VII of England and Ireland 3 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Great x 3 Grandmother: Margaret Tudor Queen Scotland Daughter of King Henry VII of England and Ireland

Great x 4 Grandmother: Elizabeth York Queen Consort England Daughter of King Edward IV of England

Great x 1 Grandmother: Mary Queen of Scots Great Grand Daughter of King Henry VII of England and Ireland

Great x 4 Grandfather: René Lorraine II Duke Lorraine Duke of Bar 7 x Great Grand Son of King Henry III of England

Great x 3 Grandfather: Claude Lorraine 1st Duke Guise 7 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Philippa Egmont Duchess of Bar Duchess Lorraine 6 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward I of England

Great x 2 Grandmother: Mary of Guise Queen Consort Scotland 6 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Francis Bourbon Count Vendôme and Soissons 6 x Great Grand Son of King Henry III of England

Great x 3 Grandmother: Antoinette Bourbon Duchess of Guise 5 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Marie Luxemburg Countess Vendôme and Soissons 4 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England

Father: King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland Son of King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland

Great x 4 Grandfather: Christian I King of Denmark

Great x 3 Grandfather: King Frederick I of Denmark

Great x 4 Grandmother: Dorothea of Brandenburg

Great x 2 Grandfather: Christian III King of Denmark 10 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Great x 3 Grandmother: Anna of Brandenburg 9 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Margaret of Thuringia 8 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Great x 1 Grandfather: Frederick II King of Denmark 11 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Great x 2 Grandmother: Dorothea of Saxe Lauenburg Queen Consort Denmark and Norway

GrandMother: Anne of Denmark Queen Consort Scotland England and Ireland 12 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Magnus II Duke of Mecklenburg

Great x 3 Grandfather: Albrecht VII Duke Mecklenburg

Great x 2 Grandfather: Ulrich Mecklenburg-Schwerin 11 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Joachim "Nestor" Hohenzollern Elector Brandenburg 9 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Great x 3 Grandmother: Anna Hohenzollern Duchess Mecklenburg 10 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Great x 1 Grandmother: Sophie Mecklenburg-Schwerin Queen Consort Denmark 12 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Mary Stewart Princess Orange Daughter of King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland

Great x 4 Grandfather: John Bourbon VIII Count Vendôme 5 x Great Grand Son of King Henry III of England

Great x 3 Grandfather: Francis Bourbon Count Vendôme and Soissons 6 x Great Grand Son of King Henry III of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Isabelle Beauvau Countess Vendôme

Great x 2 Grandfather: Charles Bourbon Duke Vendôme 5 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Peter Luxemburg II Count Saint Pol and Soissons 3 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Great x 3 Grandmother: Marie Luxemburg Countess Vendôme and Soissons 4 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Margaret Savoy Countess Saint Pol 5 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward I of England

Great x 1 Grandfather: Antoine King Navarre 6 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: John Valois II Duke Alençon 4 x Great Grand Son of King Henry III of England

Great x 3 Grandfather: Rene Valois Duke Alençon 5 x Great Grand Son of King Henry III of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Marie Armagnac Duchess Alençon 6 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry III of England

Great x 2 Grandmother: Françoise Valois Countess Vendôme 6 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry III of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Frederick Lorraine Count Vaudémont 9 x Great Grand Son of King Stephen I England

Great x 3 Grandmother: Margaret Lorraine Duchess Alençon 7 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry III of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Yolande Valois Anjou 6 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry III of England

GrandFather: Henry IV King France 7 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Alain "Great" Albret 9 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Great x 3 Grandfather: Jean III King Navarre 6 x Great Grand Son of King Henry III of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Francois Chatillon 5 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry III of England

Great x 2 Grandfather: King Henry II of Navarre 7 x Great Grand Son of King Henry III of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Gaston V Count Foix 7 x Great Grand Son of King Henry III of England

Great x 3 Grandmother: Catherine Grailly I Queen Navarre 7 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry III of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Magdalena Valois Countess Foix 6 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry III of England

Great x 1 Grandmother: Jeanne Albret III Queen Navarre 8 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry III of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: John Valois Orléans 5 x Great Grand Son of King Henry III of England

Great x 3 Grandfather: Charles Valois Orléans Count Angoulême 6 x Great Grand Son of King Henry III of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Marguerite Rohan

Great x 2 Grandmother: Marguerite Valois Orléans Queen Consort Navarre 7 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry III of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Philip "Landless" Savoy II Duke Savoy 5 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England

Great x 3 Grandmother: Louise of Savoy Countess Angoulême 6 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward I of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Margaret Bourbon 5 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward I of England

Mother: Henrietta Maria Bourbon Queen Consort England 7 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England

GrandMother: Marie de Medici Queen Consort France 6 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Maximilian Habsburg I Holy Roman Emperor 3 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Great x 3 Grandfather: Philip "Handsome Fair" King Castile 4 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Mary Valois Duchess Burgundy 3 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England

Great x 2 Grandfather: Ferdinand I Holy Roman Emperor 4 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Ferdinand II King Aragon 8 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Great x 3 Grandmother: Joanna "The Mad" Trastámara Queen Castile 3 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Isabella Queen Castile 2 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England

Great x 1 Grandmother: Joanna of Austria Grand Duchess Tuscany 5 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Casimir IV King Poland

Great x 3 Grandfather: Vladislaus II King Hungary 8 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Elisabeth Habsburg Queen Consort Poland 7 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Great x 2 Grandmother: Anne Jagiellon 8 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward I of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Gaston de Foix 2nd Earl Kendal 6 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England

Great x 3 Grandmother: Anna Foix Queen Consort of Hungary and Bohemia 7 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward I of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Catherine of Foix Countess Kendal 7 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry III of England