The Gesta Normannorum Ducum [The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy] is a landmark medieval chronicle tracing the rise and fall of the Norman dynasty from its early roots through the pivotal events surrounding the Norman Conquest of England. Originally penned in Latin by the monk William of Jumièges shortly before 1060 and later expanded at the behest of William the Conqueror, the work chronicles the deeds, politics, battles, and leadership of the Norman dukes, especially William’s own claim to the English throne. The narrative combines earlier historical sources with firsthand information and oral testimony to present an authoritative account of Normandy’s transformation from a Viking settlement into one of medieval Europe’s most powerful realms. William’s history emphasizes the legitimacy, military prowess, and governance of the Norman line, framing their expansion, including the conquest of England, as both divinely sanctioned and noble in purpose. Later chroniclers such as Orderic Vitalis and Robert of Torigni continued the history, extending the coverage into the 12th century, providing broader context on ducal rule and its impact. Today this classic work remains a foundational source for understanding Norman identity, medieval statesmanship, and the historical forces that reshaped England and Western Europe between 800AD and 1100AD.

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Biography of Agnes Poitiers Queen Consort Aragon Queen Consort Pamplona 1072-1097

Paternal Family Tree: Poitiers

Before 22nd October 1071 [her father] Guy William Poitiers VIII Duke Aquitaine (age 46) and [her mother] Hildegarde Burgundy Duchess Aquitaine (age 15) were married. She by marriage Duchess Aquitaine. The difference in their ages was 31 years. She the daughter of [her grandfather] Robert I Duke Burgundy (age 60) and [her grandmother] Ermengarde Blanche Ingelger Duchess Burgundy (age 53). He the son of [her grandfather] William "Great" V Duke Aquitaine and [her grandmother] Agnes Ivrea Duchess Aquitaine. They were second cousin once removed.

In 1072 Agnes Poitiers Queen Consort Aragon Queen Consort Pamplona was born to [her father] Guy William Poitiers VIII Duke Aquitaine (age 47) and [her mother] Hildegarde Burgundy Duchess Aquitaine (age 16).

On 7th October 1072 Sancho "Strong" II King Leon II King Castile (age 35) died. His brother [her brother-in-law] Alfonso (age 31) succeeded VI King Castile. [her half-sister] Agnes Poitiers Queen Consort Leon Queen Consort Castile (age 14) by marriage Queen Consort Castile.

In 1078 [her half-sister] Agnes Poitiers Queen Consort Leon Queen Consort Castile (age 19) died.

In 1086 Peter I King Aragon I King Pamplona (age 18) and Agnes Poitiers Queen Consort Aragon Queen Consort Pamplona (age 14) were married. She by marriage Queen Consort Aragon, Queen Consort Pamplona. She the daughter of Guy William Poitiers VIII Duke Aquitaine (age 61) and Hildegarde Burgundy Duchess Aquitaine (age 30). He the son of Sancho Ramírez I King Aragon V King Pamplona (age 44) and Isabella Urgell Queen Consort Aragon Queen Consort Pamplona.

Around 1086 [her son] Peter Jiménez was born to [her husband] Peter I King Aragon I King Pamplona (age 18) and Agnes Poitiers Queen Consort Aragon Queen Consort Pamplona (age 14).

On 25th September 1086 [her father] Guy William Poitiers VIII Duke Aquitaine (age 61) died. His son [her brother] William (age 14) succeeded IX Duke Aquitaine.

In 1088 [her brother] William "Troubadour" Poitiers IX Duke Aquitaine (age 16) and [her sister-in-law] Ermengarde Anjou Duchess Brittany and Aquitaine (age 20) were married. She by marriage Duchess Aquitaine. She the daughter of [her uncle] Fulk "Réchin" Anjou 4th Count Anjou (age 45) and Hildegarde Beaugency Countess Anjou (age 44). He the son of [her father] Guy William Poitiers VIII Duke Aquitaine and [her mother] Hildegarde Burgundy Duchess Aquitaine (age 32). They were half first cousins.

In 1094 [her brother] William "Troubadour" Poitiers IX Duke Aquitaine (age 22) and [her sister-in-law] Philippa Rouerge Duchess Aquitaine were married. She by marriage Duchess Aquitaine. She the daughter of William Rouerge Duke Narbonne (age 54) and Emma Mortain Duchess Narbonne. He the son of [her father] Guy William Poitiers VIII Duke Aquitaine and [her mother] Hildegarde Burgundy Duchess Aquitaine (age 38).

Anne Boleyn. Her Life as told by Lancelot de Carle's 1536 Letter.

In 1536, two weeks after the execution of Anne Boleyn, her brother George and four others, Lancelot du Carle, wrote an extraordinary letter that described Anne's life, and her trial and execution, to which he was a witness. This book presents a new translation of that letter, with additional material from other contemporary sources such as Letters, Hall's and Wriothesley's Chronicles, the pamphlets of Wynkyn the Worde, the Memorial of George Constantyne, the Portuguese Letter and the Baga de Secrets, all of which are provided in Appendices.

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On 4th June 1094 [her father-in-law] Sancho Ramírez I King Aragon V King Pamplona (age 52) died. His son [her husband] Peter (age 26) succeeded I King Aragon, I King Pamplona.

In 1097 [her husband] Peter I King Aragon I King Pamplona (age 29) and Bertha Queen Consort Aragon Queen Consort Pamplona (age 22) were married. She by marriage Queen Consort Aragon, Queen Consort Pamplona. He the son of [her father-in-law] Sancho Ramírez I King Aragon V King Pamplona and Isabella Urgell Queen Consort Aragon Queen Consort Pamplona.