Biography of Philip "The Prudent" II King Spain 1527-1598

On 10th March 1526 [his father] Charles V Holy Roman Emperor [aged 26] and [his mother] Isabel Aviz Queen Consort Spain [aged 22] were married. She the daughter of [his grandfather] Manuel "Fortunate" I King Portugal and [his grandmother] Maria Trastámara Queen Consort Portugal. He the son of Philip "Handsome Fair" King Castile and Joanna "The Mad" Trastámara Queen Castile [aged 47]. They were first cousins. He a great x 4 grandson of King Edward III of England. She a great x 4 granddaughter of King Edward III of England.

On 21st May 1527 Philip "The Prudent" II King Spain was born to [his father] Charles V Holy Roman Emperor [aged 27] and [his mother] Isabel Aviz Queen Consort Spain [aged 23]. Coefficient of inbreeding 10.98%.

On 1st May 1539 [his mother] Isabel Aviz Queen Consort Spain [aged 35] died.

On 12th November 1543 Philip "The Prudent" II King Spain [aged 16] and Maria Aviz [aged 16] were married at Salamanca [Map]. She the daughter of John III King Portugal [aged 41] and Catherine of Austria Queen Consort Portugal [aged 36]. He the son of Charles V Holy Roman Emperor [aged 43] and Isabel Aviz Queen Consort Spain. They were double first cousins. He a great x 5 grandson of King Edward III of England. She a great x 5 granddaughter of King Edward III of England.

On 8th July 1545 [his son] Carlos Habsburg Spain was born to Philip "The Prudent" II King Spain [aged 18] and [his wife] Maria Aviz [aged 17]. Coefficient of inbreeding 20.02%.

On 12th August 1545 [his wife] Maria Aviz [aged 17] died from childbirth one month after giving birth to her son Carlos Habsburg Spain.

On 13th September 1548 [his brother-in-law] Maximilian Habsburg Spain II Holy Roman Emperor [aged 21] and [his sister] Maria of Spain Holy Roman Empress [aged 20] were married. She the daughter of [his father] Charles V Holy Roman Emperor [aged 48] and [his mother] Isabel Aviz Queen Consort Spain. He the son of [his uncle] Ferdinand I Holy Roman Emperor [aged 45] and Anne Jagiellon. They were first cousins. He a great x 5 grandson of King Edward III of England. She a great x 5 granddaughter of King Edward III of England.

Around 1550. Titian [aged 62]. Portrait of Philip "The Prudent" II King Spain [aged 22].

Around 1554. Titian [aged 66]. Portrait of Philip "The Prudent" II King Spain [aged 26].

Henry Machyn's Diary. 15th January 1554. [The xv day of January, the lord mayor, and the] aldermen whent to Westmynster [to the court, and] my lord chanseler mad a protestacyon [to them, and to] othur pepyll, that the [his future wife] quen('s) [aged 37] grace ys myndyd [to marry] with the prynche of Spayne [aged 26], and the reme [realm] for to have [great] benefett commyng in to the rayme [realm]; and that he not [to meddle with the public affairs of the State] thyngs, butt her consell of thys reame sh ....

Wriothesley's Chronicle [1508-1562]. 20th July 1554. Fryday the xx^th of Julie tydinges came to the Lord Mayre payne that the Prince of Spayne [aged 27] was come into Englande, and landed at Southampton, Hampshire [Map] this daye, and came with viii^xx sayle of Spanish shippes well appoynted, beside the navie of Flaunders and the Queens navie, which were to the number of lx [60] shippes and more, Lord Wm. Howarde, Lord Admirall of England [aged 44], conductinge them, after they came into the costes of Englande.

Wriothesley's Chronicle [1508-1562]. 11th August 1554. The 11 of August the King [aged 27] and [his wife] Queen [aged 38] removed to Richmond [Map].

Wriothesley's Chronicle [1508-1562]. 17th August 1554. The 17 of August^a the King [aged 27] and [his wife] Queen [aged 38] came by water from Richmond in the after noone, and landed at my Lord Chancellors stayers in St. Marye Overies, and there had a banquett in the Lord Chauncellors [aged 71] howsse [Map], and then passed throughe the parke to the howse at St. Georges, of which Sir John Gage, Lord Chamberlayne to the Queene [aged 74], had the keepinge, and there lay that night and dyned there the next daye.

Note a. The authorities differ widely as to this date. The Grey Friars' Chronicle (p. 91 ) says: "They came not unto London tyll it was the 18th day of Angnst, and then came hothe unto the place in Sothwarke, and lay there that nyght, and the 19th day came into London." And Stow (p. 625): "The 11 of August, the King and Queene remooued to Richmond, from thence by water to Southwarke, &c. And the next day, heing the 12 of August, they rode through Southwarke oner the bridge, and so through London, &c." While Baker's Chronicle reads: "The eleventh of August they remoued to Richmond, the seven-and-twentieth to Suffolk Place in Southwark, and the next day to London," &c. (p. 342).

Wriothesley's Chronicle [1508-1562]. 18th August 1554. Saterdaye the 18 of August, in the after-noone, the King [aged 27] and [his wife] Queenes [aged 38] Majesties rode throughe Sowthwerke, over the bridge [Map], and so throughe London; where they were with great provision receaved of the citizens, pageants in places accustomed, the crosse in Cheape [Map] new gilte, &c.

Memorandum: In the moneth of September the Duke of Norfolke [aged 81] died at Framlingham [Map] in Norfolke, and there was honourablye buried [Map] amongst his auncestors.

Allso this moneth the Bishop of London [aged 54] visited all his dioces, and had sermons in everie parishe and place where he satt, and sett owt divers goodlye articles in print for the true religion.

Allso he commaunded that the feast of everie saynte that was patrone of the churche, called Festum loci in everie parishe, should be kept holiedaye in everie parishe throughe his diocesse as a principall feast used in olde tyme, after the custome of the churche.

Henry Machyn's Diary. 28th September 1554. The xxviij day of September the Kyng [aged 27] and the [his wife] Quen [aged 38] removyd from Hamtun court [Map] unto Westmynster tho her grace('s) plasse.

Henry Machyn's Diary. 18th October 1554. The xviij day of October king Philip [aged 27] came down on horseback from Westminster unto Paul's, with many lords, being received under a canopy, at the west end: and the lord Montagu [aged 25] bare the sword afore the king. There he heard mass, and Spaneards song mase; and after masse [he went back to] Westmynster to dener.

Wriothesley's Chronicle [1508-1562]. 18th October 1554. The 18 of Octobre, beinge the day of St. Luke, the Kinge [aged 27] rode from his pallace of Whitehall to Paules Church [Map] in the forenoone, and there heard masse, which was sunge by the Spaniards of his owne quier.

Henry Machyn's Diary. 12th November 1554. The xij day of November the Kyng [aged 27] and the [his wife] Quen [aged 38] rod unto Westmynster chyrche to the masse of the Holy-gost, and after masse to the parlement-howsse; and all the bysshopes and the lordes in ther parlement robes, with trompeters blohyng, and all the harolds in ther cote armurs, and the juges in ther robes; the yerle of Penbroke [aged 53] bare the kyng('s) sword, and the yerle of Comberland [aged 41] bare the quen('s) sword, and the yerle of Shrowsbery [aged 54] bare the kyng('s) cape of mantenance, and the yerle of Arundell [aged 42] bare the quen('s) cape of mantenance; and a-for them rod to-gether my lord chansheler [aged 71] and my lord tressorer [aged 71] in ther parlement robes.

Henry Machyn's Diary. 24th November 1554. [The same day cardinal Pole [aged 54] came from Gravesend [Map] by water, with the earl of Shrewsbury [aged 54], the lord Montagu [aged 25], the bishops of Durham [aged 80] and Ely [aged 48], the lord Paget [aged 48], sir Edward Hastings [aged 33], the lord Cobham [aged 57], and diverse] knyghts and gentyllmen, in barges, and thay all [did shoot the] bryge be-twyn xij and on of the cloke, and a-g[ainst] the steleard [Map] of Temes my lord chanseler [aged 71] mett [them in his] barge, and my lord of Shrousbury [had his] barge with the [talbot, all] ys men in bluw cotes, red-hosse, skarlett capes, [and white] fethers; and so to the cort gatt, and ther the Kyng('s) [aged 27] grace [met him] and inbrasyd hym, and so lad ym thrughe the kyng('s) hall;] and he had borne a-for hym a sylver crosse, and [he was arrayed in] a skarlet gowne and a sqware skarlett cape; and my lord [North] bare the swarde a-for the Kyng; and so they whent up unto the Quens chambur, and ther [his wife] her grace [aged 38] salutyd hym; and after he toke ys leyffe, and toke ys barge to ys plase at Lambeth [Map], that was the bysshope of Cantorberys, Crenmer [aged 65], and so to dener.

Henry Machyn's Diary. 25th November 1554. The sam day, the wyche was Sonday, at after-non, the Kyngs [aged 27] grace and my lord Fuwater [Probably Henry Radclyffe 2nd Earl of Sussex [aged 47]] and dyvers Spaneards dyd ryd in dyvers colars, the Kyng in red, and som [in] yellow, sum in gren, sum in whyt, sum in bluw, and with targets and canes in ther hand, herlyng of rods on at a-nodur, and thrumpets in the sam colars, and drumes mad of ketylles, and banars in the sam colars.

Henry Machyn's Diary. 27th November 1554. The xxvij of November the Kynge [aged 27] and the lordes of the parlement satt with-in the court, and ther my lord cardenall [aged 54] dyd make a orayson to the Kyng and the lords of the parlement what .. .... thankes unto God of the [his wife] Quen('s) [aged 38] grace qwyckenyng.

Note. P. 76. The cardinal's oration. Cardinal Pole returned to England with legatine power to reconcile the kingdom to the church of Rome. He accomplished this mission as related in the Journals of the Commons, vol. i. p. 38; and in Foxe, iii. 110.

Henry Machyn's Diary. 30th November 1554. The xxx day of November the Kyng('s) [aged 27] grace and ys [lords] rod to Westmynster abbay to masse, for the Spaneards [sung], and ther mett ym at the cort gate a C. He-Alman [High Almains] in hosse and dobeletes of whyt and red, and yelow welvet cotes [trimmed], with yelow sarsenet, and yelow velvet capes and fethers ... coler, and drumes and flutes in the sam coler, and with gylt [halbards], and C. in yolow hosse, dobelets of welvett, and jerkens of [leather] gardyd with cremesun velvett and whyt, fether yelow and red; and thos be Spaneards; and a C. in yelow gownes of velvett with (blank) And the sam nyght my lord cardenall [aged 54] cam to the courte, and whent to the chapell with the Kyng, and ther Te Deum songe.

Henry Machyn's Diary. 2nd December 1554. The ij day of Desember dyd com to Powlles all prestes and clarkes with ther copes and crosses, and all the craftes in ther leverey, and my lorde mayre and the althermen, agaynst my lord cardenall('s) [aged 54] commyng; and at the bysshopes of London plase my lord chansseler and alle the bysshopes tarehyng for my lord cardenall commyng, that was at ix of the cloke, for he landyd at Beynard Castell [Map]; and ther my lord mayre reseyvyd hym, and browgth ym to the Powllse, and so my lord chanseler [aged 71] and my lord cardenall and all the byshopes whent up in-to the[choir] ]with ther meyturs; and at x of the cloke the Kyng('s) [aged 27] grace cam to Powlles to her mase with iiij C. of gaard, on C. Englys, on C. HeAlmen, on C. Spaneards, on C. of Swechenars [Switzers], and mony lords and knyghtes, and hard masse. Boyth the quen('s) chapell and the kynges and Powlles qwer [choir] song.

Note. P. 77. The cardinal's coming to St. Paul's. A fuller account of this solemnity will be found in Stowe, p. 625. Like his predecessor Wolsey, Pole went in procession "with a cross, two pillars, and two poleaxes of silver borne before him."

Henry Machyn's Diary. 18th December 1554. The xviij day of Desember was a grett tryhumph at the court gatte, by the Kyng [aged 27] and dyvers lordes boyth English-men and Spaneards, the wyche the Kyng and his compene [were] in goodly harnes, and a-pon ther armes goodly jerkyns of bluw velvett, and hosse in-brodered with sylver and bluw sarsenett; and so thay rane on fott with spayrers [spears] and swerds at the tornay, and with dromes and flutes in whyt velvet [drawn] owt with blu sarsenett, and ther wher x aganst [the King] and ys compene, the wher xviij in odur colers.

Henry Machyn's Diary. 25th January 1555. [The xxv day of January, being saint Paul's day, was a general procession of saint Paul by every parish, both priests and clarkes, in copes to the number of a hundred and sixty, singing Salve festa dies, with ninety crosses borne. The procession was through Cheap into Leadenhall. And before went the] chyldryn of the Gray-frers and Powlles skolle. [There were eight bishops, and the] bysshope of London myteryd, bayryng the sacre[ment, with .. eym] of torchys bornyng, and a canepe borne [over]; so a-bowtt the chyrch-yerde, and in at the west dore, [with the] lord mayre and the althermen, and all the craftes in ther best leverays. And with-in a wylle after the Kyng [aged 27] cam, and my lord cardenall [aged 54], and the prynsse of Pyamon [aged 26], and dyvers lordes and knyghtes; thay hard masse, and after to the court to dener, and at nyght bone-fyres and grett ryngyng in evere [church].

Henry Machyn's Diary. 19th March 1555. The xix day of Marche in the mornyng the Kyng('s) [aged 27] grace rune at the tylt a-gaynst odur Spaneards, and brake iiij stayffes by viij of the cloke in the mornyng.

Henry Machyn's Diary. 25th March 1555. The xxv day of Marche, the wyche was owre lade [day,] ther was as gret justes as youe have sene at the tylt at Vestmynster; the chalyngers was a Spaneard and ser Gorge Haward [aged 30]; and all ther men, and ther horsses trymmyd in whyt, and then cam the Kyng [aged 27] and a gret mene [menée, ie retinue] all in bluw, and trymmyd with yelow, and ther elmets with gret tuyffes [tufts ie plumes.] of blue and yelow fether, and all ther veffelers [whifflers ie forerunners] and ther fotemen, and ther armorers, and a compene lyke Turkes red in cremesun saten gownes and capes, and with fachyons [falchions], and gret targets; and sum in gren, and mony of dyvers colers; and ther was broken ij hondred stayffes and a-boyff.

Henry Machyn's Diary. 4th April 1555. The iiij day of Aprell the Kyng('s) [aged 27] grace and the [his wife] Quen [aged 39] removyd unto Hamtun [Map] cowrte to kepe Ester ther, and so her grace to her chambur ther.

Henry Machyn's Diary. 23rd April 1555. [The xxiijd day of April, being saint George's day, at Hampton Court [Map], the King [aged 27], with other lords and knights of the garter, went in their robes on procession, with three] crosses, and clarkes and prestes, and my lord chancellor, the cheyff menyster, metered [mitred ie wearing his mitre], and all thay in copes of cloth of tyssue and gold, syngyng Salva fasta dyes as thay whent a-bowt; the [his wife] Quen('s) [aged 39] grace lokyd owt of a cassement, that hundereds dyd se her grace after she had taken her chambur; and arolds gohyng a-bowt the Kyng('s) grace.

Henry Machyn's Diary. 11th June 1555. The xj day of Juin be-gane they to sett up the frame for the hersse at Powlles for the quen of Spayn [Note. paternal grandmother of Philip "The Prudent" II King Spain [aged 28]], the wyche was the goodlest that ever was sene in England; the bare frame cost xv l, the carpynter('s) dute.

Henry Machyn's Diary. 3rd August 1555. The iij day of August the [his wife] Quen [aged 39] and Kynges [aged 28] grace removyd from Hamtun Court [Map] unto Hotland [Map], a iiij mylles of: has her grace whent thrugh the parke for to take her barge, ther mett her grace by the way a powre man with ij chruches, and when that he saw her grace, for joy he thruw hys stayffes a-way, and rane after her grace, and sche commondyd that one shuld gyff ym a reward.

Henry Machyn's Diary. 26th August 1555. The xxvj day of August cam from Westmynster, rydyng thrugh London unto Towrs-warff, the Kyng [aged 28] and the [his wife] Quen [aged 39], and ther thay toke ther barge unto Grenwyche [Map], and landyd at the long bryge, and reseyvyd by my lord chanseler [aged 72], and my lord of Ely [aged 49], and my lord vycont Montyguw [aged 26], master comtroller, master Sowthwell [aged 52], and dyvers mo, and the gard, and dyvers holdyn torchys bornynge, and up to the Frers, and ther thare graces mad ther praers, and at her grace('s) landyng received ix or x suplycasyon(s), and so bake agayn to the court with a c. torchys bornyng.

Henry Machyn's Diary. 29th August 1555. The same day the Kyng('s) [aged 28] grace toke ys jorney toward Dover, Kent [Map], and with a grett compeny, and ther tared for the wynd, and ther the shypes lying rede [ready] for ys grace gohyng over see.

Note. P. 93. Departure of king Philip. The king crossed to Calais on the 4th Sept. "and so foorth to Brusselles in Brabant to visite the emperour hys father." (Stowe's Summarie, 1566.) He went to assume the government of the Low Countries, and was received into Antwerp with great solemnity about the 18th January. (Ibid.)

Henry Machyn's Diary. 20th March 1557. The xx day of Marche the Kyng [aged 29] cam from be-yond the see, and cam at v to Grenwyche [Map]; at the sam tyme ther cam a shype up by the tyde, [and as] he cam agaynst the courte gatt, he shott a xvj [pieces] of twys [off twice], the wyche wher vere grett pesses, and [cried,] God save the Kyng and the Quen.

Henry Machyn's Diary. 21st March 1557. The xxj day of Marche the Kyng [aged 29] and the [his wife] Quen [aged 41] [went] thrugh the galere unto ther closett, and ther thay [heard mass]; and ther was ij swordes borne a-for them, on by lord Cobham [aged 60], and the thodur (by) my lord admerall [aged 47]; [and from] ther closett bake to dener, boyth the Kyng and the Quen together, and ther my lord chanseler [aged 56] was ther and dyvers [other lords.]

Henry Machyn's Diary. 23rd March 1557. The xxiij day of Marche was a commondement cam that the Kyng [aged 29] and the [his wife] Quen [aged 41] wold ryd from the Towre-warff [Map] thrugh London with the nobuls of the rayme, boyth lordes and lades; and at the Towre-warff my lord mayre [aged 57] mett ther gracys boyth, and thrugh London my masters the althermen and the shreyffes and alle the crafftes of London in ther leveres, and ther standynges set up of evere craft of tymbur, and the strett and the trumpettes blohyng with odur enstrementtes with grett joye and plesur, and grett shutyng of gones at the Towre, and the waytes plahyng on sant Peter's [Map] ledes [leads ie roofs] in Chepe; and my lord mayre bare the septer a-for the Kyng and the Quen.

Henry Machyn's Diary. 22nd April 1557. The sam day the Kyng [aged 29] and the [his wife] Quen [aged 41] removyd from Grenwyche [Map] unto Westmynster, a-ganst sant [George's day.]

Henry Machyn's Diary. 23rd April 1557. The xxiij day of Aprell was sant George('s) day [the King's [aged 29]] grace whent a pressessyon at Whyt-halle [through the hall] and rond abowt the court hard by the halle; and so [certain of] the knyghts of the garter as they whent in ther [robes] of the garter; the bysshope of Wynchaster [aged 47] dyd exsecute the masse with ys myter; the furst as they whe[nt the lord] Montyguw [aged 28], my lord admerall [aged 47], ser Antony Sely[ger, the] lord Cobham [aged 60], the lord Darce [aged 60], ser Thomas Chenne, [the lord] Pagett [aged 51], the lord of Penbroke [aged 56], the lord of Arundel [aged 45], [the] lord tressorer [aged 74], and secretore Peter in a robe of cremesun velvett with the garter brodered on ys shuder, and [one bare] a rod of blake, and a docthur bare a boke; and [then went all] the harodes, and then my lord Talbott [aged 29] bare the sword, then sergant(s) of armes, and the Kyng('s) grace [came next], and [his wife] Quen('s) [aged 41] grace lokyng owt of a wyndow [beside] the cowrt on the garden syde.

In May 1557 Philip Bassett was born to James Bassett [aged 31] and Mary Roper [aged 34]. He was named after Philip "The Prudent" II King Spain [aged 29] who was godfather by proxy to Philip Basset at his christening at which he gave a great gilt cup.

Henry Machyn's Diary. 4th May 1557. The iiij day of May dyd ryd a-for the Kyng [aged 29] and [his wife] Quen [aged 41] in her grace('s) preve garden ser James Garnado, and so the bridle bytt dyd breke, and so the horsse rane aganst the wall, and so he brake ys neke, for ys horsse thruw ym agane the wall and hys brauns rane owtt.

Henry Machyn's Diary. 28th May 1557. The xxvij day of May, the wyche was the Assensyon day, the Kynges [aged 30] and the [his wife] Quen('s) [aged 41] grace rod unto Westmynster with all the lords and knyghtes and gentyllmen, and ther graces whent a prossessyon abowt the clowster, and so thay hard masse.

Note. P. 137. Celebration of Ascension day. On this occasion in the preceding year (1556) the church wardens of St. Margaret's Westminster made the following payments: "Item, payde for breade, wyne, ale, and beere, upon th'Ascension evyn and day, agaynst my lord abbot and his covent cam in procession, and for strewyng erbes the same day, vijs. jd."

Henry Machyn's Diary. 10th June 1557. The x day of Junij the Kyng [aged 30] and the [his wife] Quen [aged 41] toke ther jorney toward Hamtun [Map] courte for to hunt and to kyll a grett hartt, with serten of the consell; and so the howswold tared at the Whytthalle, tylle the Saterday folowhyng they cam a-gayne to Whytthalle.

Henry Machyn's Diary. 17th June 1557. [The xvij day of June, being Corpus Christi day, the King [aged 30] and [his wife] Queen [aged 41] went in procession at Whitehall] thrughe the halle and the grett cowrtt-gate; [attended with as goodly] synging as ever was hard; and my (unfinished)

On 28th June 1557 Philip Howard 13th or 20th Earl of Arundel was born to Thomas Howard 4th Duke of Norfolk [aged 21] and Mary Fitzalan Duchess Norfolk [aged 17] in the Arundel House [Map]. His mother died eight weeks later. He was baptised with the Royal Family present. Named after his godfather Philip "The Prudent" II King Spain [aged 30]. He married 1571 his half third cousin once removed Anne Dacre Countess Arundel, daughter of Thomas Dacre 4th Baron Dacre Gilsland 8th Baron Greystoke and Elizabeth Leybourne Duchess Norfolk, and had issue.

Henry Machyn's Diary. 30th June 1557. The sam day the Kyng('s) [aged 30] grace rod on untyng [hunting] in-to the forest, and kyllyd a grett stage with gones [guns].

Henry Machyn's Diary. July 1557. The moneth of July whent a grett army after that the kyng [aged 30] was gone over; my lord of Pembroke [aged 56], cheyff capten of the feld, and my lord Montyguw [aged 28] whent, and my lord Clyntun [aged 45], and dyvers lordes and knyghtes and gentyllmen by water and land, and goodly aparelle; they wher sent to Dover, Kent [Map]. London fond v c. men all in bluw cassokes, sum by shypes and sum to Dover by land, the goodlyst men that ever whent, and best be-sene in change (of) aparelle.

Note. P. 143. A great army. In Starkey's collections, MS. Harl. 353, f. 188b. will be found "The Booke of the officers and Captaynes of horsmen and footmen of a Regiment of a Thousand horsmen, Four Thowsand footmen, and two thowsand Pyoners, wth. their Wages and entertainments, at the goinge to St. Quintens in the tyme of Queene Marye, primo July an°. 1557." (It is imperfect.) The word "Regiment" in this case appears equivalent to Army. A list of the captains will also be found in Holinshed, p. 1767.

Henry Machyn's Diary. 2nd July 1557. The ij day of July the duke of Norfoke('s) [aged 21] sun was crystened at Whytt-hall at after-non, and the kyng [aged 30] and my lord chanseler [aged 56] was the godfathers, and my old lade the duches of North-foke [aged 60]¹ was the god-mother, and ther wher iiijxx storchys bornyng.

Note. P. 141. Christening of the duke of Norfolk's son. Philip earl of Surrey, as he was called in his infancy, and afterwards the distinguished earl of Arundel of that name, was "borne at Arundell place in London 28. of July [June] 1557." (MS. Harl. 897, f. 79.) Stowe also has recorded his christening "in the queenes chapell at Westminster, in a font of gold." The king and lord chancellor stood godfathers "in proper person."

Note 1. Assumed to be the dowager duchess of Norfolk since referred to as 'old lade' rather than the current Duchess of Norfolk Elizabeth Leybourne Duchess Norfolk [aged 21].

Henry Machyn's Diary. 3rd July 1557. The iij day of July the Kyng [aged 30] and the [his wife] Quen [aged 41] toke ther gornay [journey] toward Dover, Kent [Map], and lay all nyghtt at Syttyngborne [Map].

Henry Machyn's Diary. 5th July 1557. [The v day of July the King [aged 30] took shipping at Dover, Kent [Map]] towarde Callys [Map], on hys jornay [toward Flanders].

On 21st September 1558 [his father] Charles V Holy Roman Emperor [aged 58] died at the Monastery of Yuste [Map]. His son Philip [aged 31] succeeded II King Spain.

Around 1560 Antonis Mor [aged 43]. Portrait of Philip "The Prudent" II King Spain [aged 32].

On 25th July 1564 [his uncle] Ferdinand I Holy Roman Emperor [aged 61] died at Vienna [Map]. His son [his brother-in-law] Maximilian [aged 36] succeeded II Holy Roman Emperor. [his sister] Maria of Spain Holy Roman Empress [aged 36] by marriage Holy Roman Empress. His son Ferdinand [aged 35] succeeded II Archduke Austria. Philippine Welser Archduchess Austria [aged 37] by marriage Archduke Austria.

On 25th July 1564 [his sister] Maria of Spain Holy Roman Empress [aged 36] was appointed Holy Roman Emperor.

On 12th August 1566 [his daughter] Infanta Isabella Habsburg Spain was born to Philip "The Prudent" II King Spain [aged 39] and [his wife] Elizabeth Valois Queen Consort Spain [aged 21]. She married her first cousin Albert Habsburg Spain VII Archduke Austria, son of Maximilian Habsburg Spain II Holy Roman Emperor and Maria of Spain Holy Roman Empress.

On 10th October 1567 [his daughter] Catherine Habsburg Spain Duchess Savoy was born to Philip "The Prudent" II King Spain [aged 40] and [his wife] Elizabeth Valois Queen Consort Spain [aged 22]. She married 1584 her first cousin once removed Charles Emmanuel Savoy I Duke Savoy, son of Emmanuel Philibert Duke of Savoy and Margaret Valois Duchess Berry and Savoy, and had issue.

On 24th July 1568 [his son] Carlos Habsburg Spain [aged 23] died.

On 3rd October 1568 [his wife] Elizabeth Valois Queen Consort Spain [aged 23] died.

In 1570 Philip "The Prudent" II King Spain [aged 42] and Anna of Austria Queen Consort Spain [aged 20] were married. She by marriage Queen Consort Spain. The difference in their ages was 22 years. She the daughter of Maximilian Habsburg Spain II Holy Roman Emperor [aged 42] and Maria of Spain Holy Roman Empress [aged 41]. He the son of Charles V Holy Roman Emperor and Isabel Aviz Queen Consort Spain. They were uncle and niece. He a great x 5 grandson of King Edward III of England.

On 4th December 1571 [his son] Ferdinand King Asturias was born to Philip "The Prudent" II King Spain [aged 44] and [his niece] Anna of Austria Queen Consort Spain [aged 22]. Coefficient of inbreeding 21.27%. He died aged six in 1578.

Around 1573 Sofonisba Anguissola [aged 41]. Portrait of Philip "The Prudent" II King Spain [aged 45].

On 12th August 1573 [his son] Charles Laurence Habsburg Spain was born to Philip "The Prudent" II King Spain [aged 46] and [his niece] Anna of Austria Queen Consort Spain [aged 23]. Coefficient of inbreeding 21.27%. He died aged one in 1575.

On 30th June 1575 [his son] Charles Laurence Habsburg Spain [aged 1] died.

On 15th August 1575 [his son] Diego Prince of Asturias was born to Philip "The Prudent" II King Spain [aged 48] and [his niece] Anna of Austria Queen Consort Spain [aged 25]. Coefficient of inbreeding 21.27%. He died aged seven in 1582.

On 3rd April 1578 [his son] Philip III King Spain was born to Philip "The Prudent" II King Spain [aged 50] and [his niece] Anna of Austria Queen Consort Spain [aged 28]. Coefficient of inbreeding 21.27%. He married 18th April 1599 his first cousin once removed Margaret of Austria Queen Consort Spain and had issue.

On 18th October 1578 [his son] Ferdinand King Asturias [aged 6] died.

On 31st January 1580 [his uncle] Henrique Aviz Cardinal King Portugal [aged 68] died bringing to an end the House of Aviz. He was succeeded by Philip "The Prudent" II King Spain [aged 52] who was elected successor in 1581 following a military invasion of Portugal in Nov 1580.

On 14th February 1580 [his son] Maria Habsburg Spain was born to Philip "The Prudent" II King Spain [aged 52] and [his niece] Anna of Austria Queen Consort Spain [aged 30]. Coefficient of inbreeding 21.27%. He died aged three in 1583.

On 26th October 1580 [his niece] Anna of Austria Queen Consort Spain [aged 30] died.

On 21st November 1582 [his son] Diego Prince of Asturias [aged 7] died.

On 5th August 1583 [his son] Maria Habsburg Spain [aged 3] died.

In 1584 [his son-in-law] Charles Emmanuel Savoy I Duke Savoy [aged 21] and Catherine Habsburg Spain Duchess Savoy [aged 16] were married. She by marriage Duchess Savoy. She the daughter of Philip "The Prudent" II King Spain [aged 56] and Elizabeth Valois Queen Consort Spain. He the son of Emmanuel Philibert Duke of Savoy and Margaret Valois Duchess Berry and Savoy. They were first cousin once removed.

Around 1594. Juan Pantoja de La Cruz [aged 41]. Portrait of Philip "The Prudent" II King Spain [aged 66].

On 6th November 1597 [his daughter] Catherine Habsburg Spain Duchess Savoy [aged 30] died.

On 13th September 1598 Philip "The Prudent" II King Spain [aged 71] died. His son Philip [aged 20] succeeded III King Spain.

[his son] Unamed Habsburg Spain was born to Philip "The Prudent" II King Spain and Elizabeth Valois Queen Consort Spain.