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The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy

The Gesta Normannorum Ducum [The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy] is a landmark medieval chronicle tracing the rise and fall of the Norman dynasty from its early roots through the pivotal events surrounding the Norman Conquest of England. Originally penned in Latin by the monk William of Jumièges shortly before 1060 and later expanded at the behest of William the Conqueror, the work chronicles the deeds, politics, battles, and leadership of the Norman dukes, especially William’s own claim to the English throne. The narrative combines earlier historical sources with firsthand information and oral testimony to present an authoritative account of Normandy’s transformation from a Viking settlement into one of medieval Europe’s most powerful realms. William’s history emphasizes the legitimacy, military prowess, and governance of the Norman line, framing their expansion, including the conquest of England, as both divinely sanctioned and noble in purpose. Later chroniclers such as Orderic Vitalis and Robert of Torigni continued the history, extending the coverage into the 12th century, providing broader context on ducal rule and its impact. Today this classic work remains a foundational source for understanding Norman identity, medieval statesmanship, and the historical forces that reshaped England and Western Europe between 800AD and 1100AD.

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Biography of Sophia Glücksburg Queen Consort Spain 1938-

Paternal Family Tree: Oldenburg

Maternal Family Tree: Adelheid Hohenlohe Langenburg Duchess Schleswig Holstein Sonderburg Augustenburg

In 1938 Sophia Glücksburg was born to [her father] Paul I King Greece (age 36) and [her mother] Frederica Hanover Queen Consort Greece (age 20). She a great x 2 granddaughter of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom. Coefficient of inbreeding 5.54%.

In 1938 [her father] Paul I King Greece (age 36) and [her mother] Frederica Hanover Queen Consort Greece (age 20) were married. She by marriage Queen Consort Greece. She the daughter of [her grandfather] Ernest Augustus Hanover Duke Brunswick (age 50) and [her grandmother] Viktoria Luise Hohenzollern Duchess Brunswick (age 45). He the son of [her grandfather] Constantine I King Greece and [her grandmother] Sophia Hohenzollern Queen Consort Greece. They were first cousin once removed. He a great grandson of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom. She a great x 2 granddaughter of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom.

In 1962 Juan Carlos I King Spain (age 23) and Sophia Glücksburg (age 24) were married. She by marriage Queen Consort Spain. She the daughter of Paul I King Greece (age 60) and Frederica Hanover Queen Consort Greece (age 44). They were third cousins. He a great x 2 grandson of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom. She a great x 2 granddaughter of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom.

Royal Ancestors of Sophia Glücksburg

Kings Wessex: Great x 26 Grand Daughter of King Edmund "Ironside" I of England

Kings Gwynedd: Great x 24 Grand Daughter of Owain "Great" King Gwynedd

Kings Seisyllwg: Great x 30 Grand Daughter of Hywel "Dda aka Good" King Seisyllwg King Deheubarth

Kings Powys: Great x 25 Grand Daughter of Maredudd ap Bleddyn King Powys

Kings Godwinson: Great x 25 Grand Daughter of King Harold II of England

Kings England: Great x 2 Grand Daughter of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom

Kings Scotland: Great x 25 Grand Daughter of King Duncan I of Scotland

Kings Franks: Great x 22 Grand Daughter of Louis VII King of the Franks

Kings France: Great x 17 Grand Daughter of Charles "Beloved Mad" VI King France

Kings Duke Aquitaine: Great x 30 Grand Daughter of Ranulf I Duke Aquitaine

Ancestors of Sophia Glücksburg

Great x 4 Grandfather: Friedrich Karl Ludwig Oldenburg I Duke Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck 17 x Great Grand Son of

Great x 3 Grandfather: Friedrich Wilhelm Glücksburg Duke Schleswig Holstein Sonderburg Glücksburg 18 x Great Grand Son of

Great x 4 Grandmother: Friederike Schlieben Duchess Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck

Great x 2 Grandfather: King Christian IX of Denmark 2 x Great Grand Son of

Great x 4 Grandfather: Charles Hesse-Kassel Grand Son of

Great x 3 Grandmother: Louise Caroline Hesse-Kassel Duchess Schleswig Holstein Sonderburg Glücksburg Great Grand Daughter of

Great x 4 Grandmother: Louise Oldenburg Grand Daughter of

Great x 1 Grandfather: George I King Greece 3 x Great Grand Son of

Great x 4 Grandfather: Frederick Hesse-Kassel Grand Son of

Great x 3 Grandfather: William Hesse-Kassel Great Grand Son of

Great x 2 Grandmother: Queen Louise Hesse-Kassel of Denmark 2 x Great Grand Daughter of

Great x 4 Grandfather: Prince Frederick Oldenburg 13 x Great Grand Son of

Great x 3 Grandmother: Princess Charlotte of Denmark 14 x Great Grand Daughter of

Great x 4 Grandmother: Duchess Sophia Frederica of Mecklenburg-Schwerin 13 x Great Grand Daughter of

GrandFather: Constantine I King Greece 4 x Great Grand Son of

Great x 4 Grandfather: Paul Emperor of Russia 13 x Great Grand Son of

Great x 3 Grandfather: Tsar Nicholas I of Russia 6 x Great Grand Son of

Great x 4 Grandmother: Empress Sophie Dorothea of Russia 5 x Great Grand Daughter of

Great x 2 Grandfather: Konstantin Nikolayevich Holstein Gottorp Romanov 7 x Great Grand Son of

Great x 4 Grandfather: Frederick William III King Prussia 5 x Great Grand Son of

Great x 3 Grandmother: Charlotte Hohenzollern 6 x Great Grand Daughter of

Great x 4 Grandmother: Queen Louise of Prussia 14 x Great Grand Daughter of

Great x 1 Grandmother: Olga Constantinovna Holstein Gottorp Romanov Queen Consort Greece 8 x Great Grand Daughter of

Father: Paul I King Greece Great Grand Son of

Great x 4 Grandfather: Frederick William II King Prussia 4 x Great Grand Son of

Great x 3 Grandfather: Frederick William III King Prussia 5 x Great Grand Son of

Great x 4 Grandmother: Queen Frederica Louisa of Prussia 13 x Great Grand Daughter of

Great x 2 Grandfather: William I King Prussia 6 x Great Grand Son of

Great x 4 Grandfather: Grand Duke Charles II of Mecklenburg Strelitz 13 x Great Grand Son of

Great x 3 Grandmother: Queen Louise of Prussia 14 x Great Grand Daughter of

Great x 4 Grandmother: Princess Friederike of Hesse-Darmstadt 13 x Great Grand Daughter of

Great x 1 Grandfather: Frederick III King Prussia 7 x Great Grand Son of

GrandMother: Sophia Hohenzollern Queen Consort Greece Grand Daughter of

Great x 4 Grandfather: Francis Saxe Coburg Gotha I Duke Saxe Coburg Gotha 13 x Great Grand Son of

Great x 3 Grandfather: Ernest Saxe Coburg Gotha I Duke Saxe Coburg Gotha 14 x Great Grand Son of

Great x 4 Grandmother: Augusta Reuss Duchess Saxe Coburg Gotha 13 x Great Grand Daughter of

Great x 2 Grandfather: Prince Albert Saxe Coburg Gotha 15 x Great Grand Son of

Great x 4 Grandfather: Duke Augustus of Saxe Coburg Altenburg 13 x Great Grand Son of

Great x 3 Grandmother: Duchess Louise Dorothea of Saxe Coburg Altenburg 14 x Great Grand Daughter of

Great x 4 Grandmother: Louise Charlotte Mecklenburg-Schwerin 13 x Great Grand Daughter of

Great x 1 Grandmother: Victoria Empress Germany Queen Consort Prussia Daughter of

Great x 4 Grandfather: King George III of Great Britain and Ireland Grand Son of

Great x 3 Grandfather: Edward Augustus Hanover 1st Duke Kent and Strathearn Son of

Great x 4 Grandmother: Charlotte Mecklenburg Strelitz Queen Consort England 13 x Great Grand Daughter of

Great x 2 Grandmother: Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom Grand Daughter of

Great x 4 Grandfather: Francis Saxe Coburg Gotha I Duke Saxe Coburg Gotha 13 x Great Grand Son of

Great x 3 Grandmother: Marie Luise Victoria Saxe Coburg Gotha Duchess Kent and Strathearn 14 x Great Grand Daughter of

Great x 4 Grandmother: Augusta Reuss Duchess Saxe Coburg Gotha 13 x Great Grand Daughter of

Sophia Glücksburg Queen Consort Spain 2 x Great Grand Daughter of

Great x 4 Grandfather: King George III of Great Britain and Ireland Grand Son of

Great x 3 Grandfather: Ernest Augustus King Hanover Son of

Great x 4 Grandmother: Charlotte Mecklenburg Strelitz Queen Consort England 13 x Great Grand Daughter of

Great x 2 Grandfather: George V King Hanover Grand Son of

Great x 4 Grandfather: Grand Duke Charles II of Mecklenburg Strelitz 13 x Great Grand Son of

Great x 3 Grandmother: Frederica Mecklenburg Strelitz Queen Consort Hanover 14 x Great Grand Daughter of

Great x 4 Grandmother: Princess Friederike of Hesse-Darmstadt 13 x Great Grand Daughter of

Great x 1 Grandfather: Ernest Augustus Hanover 3rd Duke Cumberland and Teviotdale Great Grand Son of

GrandFather: Ernest Augustus Hanover Duke Brunswick 2 x Great Grand Son of

Great x 4 Grandfather: Friedrich Karl Ludwig Oldenburg I Duke Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck 17 x Great Grand Son of

Great x 3 Grandfather: Friedrich Wilhelm Glücksburg Duke Schleswig Holstein Sonderburg Glücksburg 18 x Great Grand Son of

Great x 4 Grandmother: Friederike Schlieben Duchess Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck

Great x 2 Grandfather: King Christian IX of Denmark 2 x Great Grand Son of

Great x 4 Grandfather: Charles Hesse-Kassel Grand Son of

Great x 3 Grandmother: Louise Caroline Hesse-Kassel Duchess Schleswig Holstein Sonderburg Glücksburg Great Grand Daughter of

Great x 4 Grandmother: Louise Oldenburg Grand Daughter of

Great x 1 Grandmother: Thyra Glücksburg Duchess Cumberland and Teviotdale 3 x Great Grand Daughter of

Great x 4 Grandfather: Frederick Hesse-Kassel Grand Son of

Great x 3 Grandfather: William Hesse-Kassel Great Grand Son of

Great x 2 Grandmother: Queen Louise Hesse-Kassel of Denmark 2 x Great Grand Daughter of

Great x 4 Grandfather: Prince Frederick Oldenburg 13 x Great Grand Son of

Great x 3 Grandmother: Princess Charlotte of Denmark 14 x Great Grand Daughter of

Great x 4 Grandmother: Duchess Sophia Frederica of Mecklenburg-Schwerin 13 x Great Grand Daughter of

Mother: Frederica Hanover Queen Consort Greece 2 x Great Grand Daughter of

Great x 4 Grandfather: Frederick William III King Prussia 5 x Great Grand Son of

Great x 3 Grandfather: William I King Prussia 6 x Great Grand Son of

Great x 4 Grandmother: Queen Louise of Prussia 14 x Great Grand Daughter of

Great x 2 Grandfather: Frederick III King Prussia 7 x Great Grand Son of

Great x 1 Grandfather: Wilhelm Hohenzollern Grand Son of

Great x 4 Grandfather: Ernest Saxe Coburg Gotha I Duke Saxe Coburg Gotha 14 x Great Grand Son of

Great x 3 Grandfather: Prince Albert Saxe Coburg Gotha 15 x Great Grand Son of

Great x 4 Grandmother: Duchess Louise Dorothea of Saxe Coburg Altenburg 14 x Great Grand Daughter of

Great x 2 Grandmother: Victoria Empress Germany Queen Consort Prussia Daughter of

Great x 3 Grandmother: Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom Grand Daughter of

Great x 4 Grandmother: Marie Luise Victoria Saxe Coburg Gotha Duchess Kent and Strathearn 14 x Great Grand Daughter of

GrandMother: Viktoria Luise Hohenzollern Duchess Brunswick Great Grand Daughter of

Great x 2 Grandfather: Frederick Christian Oldenburg II Duke Schleswig Holstein Sonderburg Augustenburg 3 x Great Grand Son of

Great x 3 Grandmother: Louise Sophie Danneskiold Samsøe Duchess Schleswig Holstein Sonderburg Augustenburg

Great x 1 Grandmother: Empress Auguste Viktoria Oldenburg 4 x Great Grand Daughter of

Great x 2 Grandmother: Adelheid Hohenlohe Langenburg Duchess Schleswig Holstein Sonderburg Augustenburg