William Herbert 1st Earl Pembroke 1423-1469

Warkworth's Chronicle [1461-1474]. [27th June 1461] As for alle thynges that folowe, referre them to my copey, in whyche is wretyn a remanente lyke to this forseyd werke: that is to wytt, that, at the coronacyone¹ of the forseyde Edwarde, he create and made dukes his two brythir, the eldere George [aged 11] Duke of Clarence, and his yongere brothir Richard [aged 8] Duke of Gloucetre; and the Lord Montagu [aged 30]², the Earl of Warwick [aged 32]'s brothere, the Earl of Northumberlonde; and one William Stafford squiere, Lord Stafforde of Southwyke; and Sere Herbard [aged 38], Lorde Herbard, and after Lorde Earl of Penbroke³; and so the seide Lorde Stafforde [aged 22] was made Earl of Devynschire⁴; the Lorde Gray Ryffyne [aged 44], Earl of Kent⁶; the Lorde Bourchyer [aged 57], Earl of Essex; the Lorde Jhon of Bokyngham [aged 33], the Earl of Wyltschyre⁵; Sere Thomas [Walter] Blount [aged 45]⁷, knyghte, Lord Mont[joy]; Sere Jhon Hawarde, Lorde Hawarde [aged 36]⁸; William Hastynges [aged 30] he made Lorde Hastynges and grete Chamberlayne; and the Lorde Ryvers; Denham squyere, Lorde Dynham; and worthy as is afore schewed; and othere of gentylmen and yomenne he made knyghtes and squyres, as they hade desserved.

Note. The Warkworth Chronicle, in Bernard's Catalogue of the Peterhouse manuscripts, taken from James's Eclogæ, is numbered - 230. It may be as well to observe that John Bagford mentions a contemporary Chronicle in English MS. of the events of the commencement of Edward's reign, in MS. Tann. Bodl. 453.

Note 1. At the coronacyone. King Edward was crowned in Westminster Abbey, on the 29th of June 1461. Warkworth's first passage is both imperfect and incorrect, and would form a very bad specimen of the value of the subsequent portions of his narrative; yet we find it transferred to the Chronicle of Stowe. It must, however, be regarded rather as a memorandum of the various creations to the peerage made during Edward's reign, than as a part of the chronicle. Not even the third peerage mentioned, the Earldom of Northumberland, was conferred at the Coronation, but by patent dated 27 May 1464: and the only two Earldoms bestowed in Edward's first year (and probably at the Coronation) were, the Earldom of Essex, conferred on Henry Viscount Bourchier, Earl of Eu in Normandy, who had married the King's aunt, the Princess Isabel of York; and the Earldom of Kent, conferred on William Neville, Lord Fauconberg, one of King Edward's generals at Towton. The former creation is mentioned by Warkworth lower down in his list; the latter is omitted altogether. - J.G.N.

Note 2. The Lord Montagu. And then Kyng Edward, concidering the greate feate doon by the said Lord Montagu, made hym Earl of Northumberlond; and in July next folowyng th'Earl of Warwyk, with th'ayde of the said Earl of Northumberland, gate agayn the castell of Bamborugh, wheryn was taken Sir Raaf Gray [aged 29], which said Ser Raaf was after behedid and quartred at York. Also, in this yere, the first day of May, the Kyng wedded Dame Elizabeth Gray [aged 24], late wif unto the lord Gray of Groby, and doughter to the Lord Ryvers." - The London Chronicle, MS. Cotton. Vitell. A. xvi. fol. 126, ro. The MS. of the London Chronicle, from which Sir Harris Nicolas printed his edition, does not contain this passage. It is almost unnecessary to remark the chronological incorrectness of the above, but it serves to show how carelessly these slight Chronicles were compiled. Cf. MS. Add. Mus. Brit. 6113, fol. 192, rº. and MS. Cotton. Otho, B. XIV. fol. 221, ro.

Note 3. Lord Earl of Pembroke. William Lord Herbert of Chepstow, the first of the long line of Herbert Earls of Pembroke, was so created the 27th May 1468. His decapitation by the Duke of Clarence at Northampton in 1469, is noticed by Warkworth in p. 7.-J.G.N.

Note 4. Earl of Devynschire. Humphery Stafford, created Baron Stafford of Southwick by patent 24th April 1464, was advanced to the Earldom of Devon 7th May 1469; but beheaded by the commons at Bridgwater before the close of the same year, as related by Warkworth, ubi supra. - J.G.N.

Note 5. Earl of Wyltschyre. John Stafford, created Earl of Wiltshire, 5th Jan. 1470; he died in 1473.—J.G.N.

Note 6."The Lorde Gray Ryffyne, Earl of Kent". The Earl of Kent, of the family of Neville, died without male issue, a few months after his elevation to that dignity; and it was conferred on the 30th May 1465, on Edmund Lord Grey de Ruthyn, on occasion of the Queen's coronation. He was cousin-german to Sir John Grey, of Groby, the Queen's first husband. On the same occasion the Queen's son Sir Thomas Grey [aged 6] was created Marquess of Dorset; her father Richard Wydevile [aged 56] lord Ryvers was advanced to the dignity of Earl Ryvers; and her brother Anthony [aged 21] married to the heiress of Scales, in whose right he was summoned to Parliament as a Baron. - J.G.N.

Note 7.Sere Thomas Blount. This should be Walter, created Lord Montjoy 20th June 1465; he died in 1474.-J.G.N.

Note 8. Sere Jhon Hawarde, Lord Hawarde. John Howard 1st Duke of Norfolk. This peerage dates its origin, by writ of summons to Parliament, during the short restoration of Henry VI. in 1470, a circumstance more remarkable as "evidence exists that he did not attach himself to the interest of that Prince, being constitued by Edward, in the same year, commander of his fleet." See Sir Harris Nicolas's memoir of this distinguished person (afterwards the first Duke of Norfolk) in Cartwright's History of the Rape of Bramber, p. 189.-J.G.N.

Works of Gutor Glyn. Poem about the death of William Herbert 1st Earl Pembroke [aged 46] who was executed on Thursday 27th July 1469 following his capture at the Battle of Edgecote Moor aka Danes Moor aka Banbury fought on Monday 24th July 1469.

Note 1. The Dance of St Paul’s. The Dance of Death was a popular performance, in which Death led twenty-four representatives of every age and social class to the grave. This dance was depicted in many forms, media and places. 'There was a Dance of Death painted round the cloister of old St Paul’s in London, in the reign of Henry VI'. Guto had seen the image, and to him the slaughter at Banbury was an imitation of the Dance of St Paul’s, with Death 'drawing all the men into the net'. Line 2. On that day Death took a great prey from among both the English and the Welsh, but Guto was thinking chiefly of the earls.

Note 2. the City of the Thong: Hengist asked for as much land on which to build a castle as a thong could enclose. Vortigern promised him this. Hengist then took an ox-hide, cut it into a single thong and enclosed a considerable piece of land. There he built a fortress, 'which was formerly called Caer y Garrai by the Britons, but is now called Doncaster by the English, that is, Thong-Chester'.

Note 3. It was Richard Herbert who was executed on Wednesday 26th July 1469 although Ifor Evans suggests Henry Neville [deceased].

Note 4. Thomas Vaughan of Bredwardine, executed Tuesday 25th July 1469.

Note 5. Humphrey Stafford 1st Earl Devon.

Note 6. Dore Abbey, Herefordshire [Map], in the Golden Valley.

Note 7. The Fates, namely Clotho, who spins the thread of life, Lachesis, who determines the length of the thread, and Atropos, who cuts it.

Note 8. That is, the English, the children of Alis Rhonwen.

Note 9. Myrddin ap Morfryn: that is, Myrddin Wyllt, who went mad and fled to the Caledonian Forest after losing his patron, Gwenddolau, at the Battle of Arfderydd.

Note 10. Probably Roger Vaughan, brother of Thomas who is referred to in line 13.

Note 11. 81. Three sons of an earl: Richard [aged 27], William [aged 18] and Walter [aged 17], sons of the Earl of Pembroke.