Abbot John Whethamstede’s Chronicle of the Abbey of St Albans

Abbot John Whethamstede's Register aka Chronicle of his second term at the Abbey of St Albans, 1451-1461, is a remarkable text that describes his first-hand experience of the beginning of the Wars of the Roses including the First and Second Battles of St Albans, 1455 and 1461, respectively, their cause, and their consequences, not least on the Abbey itself. His text also includes Loveday, Blore Heath, Northampton, the Act of Accord, Wakefield, and Towton, and ends with the Coronation of King Edward IV. In addition to the events of the Wars of the Roses, Abbot John, or his scribes who wrote the Chronicle, include details in the life of the Abbey such as charters, letters, land exchanges, visits by legates, and disputes, which provide a rich insight into the day-to-day life of the Abbey, and the challenges faced by its Abbot.

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Cardinal

Cardinal is in Lords Spritual England.

In 1179 Cardinal William "White Hands" Blois [aged 44] was appointed Cardinal.

Before 28th October 1216 Cardinal Guala Bicchieri [aged 66] was appointed Cardinal.

On 17th September 1361 Cardinal John of Thoresby was appointed Cardinal.

In 1426 Cardinal Henry Beaufort [aged 51] was appointed Cardinal.

In 1439 Louis of Luxembourg was appointed Cardinal by Pope Eugene IV [aged 56] at the request of the English.

On 18th December 1439 Cardinal John Kempe [aged 59] was created Cardinal.

In 1473 Thomas Bourchier [aged 55] was appointed Cardinal.

In 1493 Cardinal John Morton [aged 73] was appointed Cardinal.

On 18th December 1506 Louis Amboise Bishop Albi [aged 27] was appointed Cardinal.

On 10th September 1515 Cardinal Thomas Wolsey [aged 42] was appointed Cardinal by Pope Leo X [aged 39].

In 1537 Cardinal Reginald Pole [aged 36] was appointed Cardinal.

In 1538 Cardinal David Beaton [aged 44] was appointed Cardinal.

In 1597 Cardinal Philipp Wilhelm Wittelsbach [aged 20] was appointed Cardinal.

In 1675 Cardinal Philip Howard [aged 46] was appointed Cardinal by Pope Clement X [aged 84].