The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy
The Gesta Normannorum Ducum [The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy] is a landmark medieval chronicle tracing the rise and fall of the Norman dynasty from its early roots through the pivotal events surrounding the Norman Conquest of England. Originally penned in Latin by the monk William of Jumièges shortly before 1060 and later expanded at the behest of William the Conqueror, the work chronicles the deeds, politics, battles, and leadership of the Norman dukes, especially William’s own claim to the English throne. The narrative combines earlier historical sources with firsthand information and oral testimony to present an authoritative account of Normandy’s transformation from a Viking settlement into one of medieval Europe’s most powerful realms. William’s history emphasizes the legitimacy, military prowess, and governance of the Norman line, framing their expansion, including the conquest of England, as both divinely sanctioned and noble in purpose. Later chroniclers such as Orderic Vitalis and Robert of Torigni continued the history, extending the coverage into the 12th century, providing broader context on ducal rule and its impact. Today this classic work remains a foundational source for understanding Norman identity, medieval statesmanship, and the historical forces that reshaped England and Western Europe between 800AD and 1100AD.
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Paternal Family Tree: Stewart
Cardinal Henry Benedict Stewart was appointed Cardinal.
On 3rd September 1719 James "Old Pretender" Stewart [aged 31] and [his mother] Maria Clementina Sobieska [aged 17] were married. He the son of [his grandfather] King James II of England Scotland and Ireland and [his grandmother] Mary of Modena Queen Consort England Scotland and Ireland.
On 11th March 1725 Cardinal Henry Benedict Stewart was born to James "Old Pretender" Stewart [aged 36] and Maria Clementina Sobieska [aged 22]. He a grandson of King James II of England Scotland and Ireland.
On 18th January 1735 [his mother] Maria Clementina Sobieska [aged 32] died.
On 1st January 1766 James "Old Pretender" Stewart [aged 77] died.
On 13th July 1807 Cardinal Henry Benedict Stewart [aged 82] died.
Kings Wessex: Great x 19 Grand Son of King Edmund "Ironside" I of England
Kings Gwynedd: Great x 16 Grand Son of Owain "Great" King Gwynedd
Kings Seisyllwg: Great x 22 Grand Son of Hywel "Dda aka Good" King Seisyllwg King Deheubarth
Kings Powys: Great x 17 Grand Son of Maredudd ap Bleddyn King Powys
Kings Godwinson: Great x 18 Grand Son of King Harold II of England
Kings England: Grand Son of King James II of England Scotland and Ireland
Kings Scotland: Grand Son of King James II of England Scotland and Ireland
Kings France: Great x 2 Grand Son of Henry IV King France
Kings Duke Aquitaine: Great x 23 Grand Son of Ranulf I Duke Aquitaine
Kings Spain: Great x 7 Grand Son of John II King Aragon
Great x 4 Grandfather: Matthew Stewart 4th Earl Lennox
2 x Great Grandson of King James II of Scotland
Great x 3 Grandfather: Henry "Lord Darnley" Stewart
Great Grandson of King Henry VII of England and Ireland
Great x 4 Grandmother: Margaret Douglas Countess Lennox
Granddaughter of King Henry VII of England and Ireland
Great x 2 Grandfather: King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland Grandson of King James V of Scotland
Great x 4 Grandfather: King James V of Scotland
son of King James IV of Scotland
Great x 3 Grandmother: Mary Queen of Scots
daughter of King James V of Scotland
Great x 4 Grandmother: Mary of Guise Queen Consort Scotland
5 x Great Granddaughter of King John "The Good" II of France
Great x 1 Grandfather: King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland
son of King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland
Great x 4 Grandfather: Christian III King of Denmark
8 x Great Grandson of King Philip III of France
Great x 3 Grandfather: Frederick II King of Denmark
9 x Great Grandson of King Philip III of France
Great x 4 Grandmother: Dorothea of Saxe Lauenburg Queen Consort Denmark and Norway
Great x 2 Grandmother: Anne of Denmark Queen Consort Scotland England and Ireland
10 x Great Granddaughter of King Philip III of France
Great x 4 Grandfather: Ulrich Mecklenburg-Schwerin 9 x Great Grandson of King Philip III of France
Great x 3 Grandmother: Sophie Mecklenburg-Schwerin Queen Consort Denmark 10 x Great Granddaughter of King Philip III of France
Grandfather: King James II of England Scotland and Ireland
son of King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland
Great x 4 Grandfather: Charles Bourbon Duke Vendôme
4 x Great Grandson of King John "The Good" II of France
Great x 3 Grandfather: Antoine King Navarre
5 x Great Grandson of King John "The Good" II of France
Great x 4 Grandmother: Françoise Valois Countess Vendôme
4 x Great Granddaughter of King John "The Good" II of France
Great x 2 Grandfather: Henry IV King France
3 x Great Grandson of Charles "Victorious" VII King France
Great x 4 Grandfather: King Henry II of Navarre Great Grandson of Charles "Victorious" VII King France
Great x 3 Grandmother: Jeanne Albret III Queen Navarre 2 x Great Granddaughter of Charles "Victorious" VII King France
Great x 4 Grandmother: Marguerite Valois Orléans Queen Consort Navarre
2 x Great Granddaughter of King Charles V of France
Great x 1 Grandmother: Henrietta Maria Bourbon Queen Consort England
daughter of Henry IV King France
Great x 4 Grandfather: Cosimo I de Medici Grand Duke of Tuscany
Great x 3 Grandfather: Francesco I de Medici Grand Duke of Tuscany
Great x 2 Grandmother: Marie de Medici Queen Consort France 3 x Great Granddaughter of John II King Aragon
Great x 4 Grandfather: Ferdinand I Holy Roman Emperor Great Grandson of John II King Aragon
Great x 3 Grandmother: Joanna of Austria Grand Duchess Tuscany 2 x Great Granddaughter of John II King Aragon
Great x 4 Grandmother: Anne Jagiellon 2 x Great Granddaughter of John II King Aragon
Father: James "Old Pretender" Stewart
son of King James II of England Scotland and Ireland
Great x 4 Grandfather: Cesare Este Duke Modena 21 x Great Grandson of Charles "Charlemagne aka Great" King of the Franks King Lombardy Holy Roman Emperor
Great x 3 Grandfather: Alfonso Este IV Duke Modena 22 x Great Grandson of Charles "Charlemagne aka Great" King of the Franks King Lombardy Holy Roman Emperor
Great x 2 Grandfather: Francesco Este I Duke Modena 23 x Great Grandson of Charles "Charlemagne aka Great" King of the Franks King Lombardy Holy Roman Emperor
Great x 1 Grandfather: Alfonso Este IV Duke Modena 24 x Great Grandson of Charles "Charlemagne aka Great" King of the Franks King Lombardy Holy Roman Emperor
Grandmother: Mary of Modena Queen Consort England Scotland and Ireland 25 x Great Granddaughter of Charles "Charlemagne aka Great" King of the Franks King Lombardy Holy Roman Emperor
Great x 2 Grandfather: Girolamo Martinozzi Count da Fano
Great x 1 Grandmother: Laura Martinozzi Duchess Modena
Great x 3 Grandfather: Pietro Mazzarino
Great x 2 Grandmother: Laura Mazarin
Cardinal Henry Benedict Stewart
Grandson of King James II of England Scotland and Ireland
Great x 1 Grandfather: John III Sobieski King Poland
Grandfather: James Louis Sobieski
Mother: Maria Clementina Sobieska