The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy
The Gesta Normannorum Ducum [The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy] is a landmark medieval chronicle tracing the rise and fall of the Norman dynasty from its early roots through the pivotal events surrounding the Norman Conquest of England. Originally penned in Latin by the monk William of Jumièges shortly before 1060 and later expanded at the behest of William the Conqueror, the work chronicles the deeds, politics, battles, and leadership of the Norman dukes, especially William’s own claim to the English throne. The narrative combines earlier historical sources with firsthand information and oral testimony to present an authoritative account of Normandy’s transformation from a Viking settlement into one of medieval Europe’s most powerful realms. William’s history emphasizes the legitimacy, military prowess, and governance of the Norman line, framing their expansion, including the conquest of England, as both divinely sanctioned and noble in purpose. Later chroniclers such as Orderic Vitalis and Robert of Torigni continued the history, extending the coverage into the 12th century, providing broader context on ducal rule and its impact. Today this classic work remains a foundational source for understanding Norman identity, medieval statesmanship, and the historical forces that reshaped England and Western Europe between 800AD and 1100AD.
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On 17th June 1838 Frederick Hollyer was born to Samuel Hollyer [aged 41].
1866. Frederick Hollyer [aged 27]. Photograph of Simeon Solomon [aged 25].
1870. Frederick Hollyer [aged 31]. Photograph of Charles Dickens [aged 57].
1874. Frederick Hollyer [aged 35]. Photograph of the Burne-Jones and Morris families including William Morris [aged 39], Jane Morris nee Burden [aged 34], Edward Coley Burne-Jones 1st Baronet [aged 40] and Georgiana Macdonald Lady Burne-Jones [aged 33].
1874. Frederick Hollyer [aged 35]. Photograph of Ellen Terry [aged 26] and person unknown.
1874. Frederick Hollyer [aged 35]. Photograph of Edward Coley Burne-Jones 1st Baronet [aged 40] and William Morris [aged 39].
Around 1882. Frederick Hollyer [aged 43]. Photograph of Georgiana Macdonald Lady Burne-Jones [aged 41].
In 1883 [his father] Samuel Hollyer [aged 86] died.
1884. Frederick Hollyer [aged 45]. Photograph of Thomas Hardy [aged 43].
Thomas Hardy: On 2nd June 1840 he was born. On 11th January 1928 he died.
1886. Frederick Hollyer [aged 47]. Photograph of Walter Crane [aged 40].
Around 1887. Frederick Hollyer [aged 48]. Photograph of Mary "May" Morris [aged 24].
Around 1887. Frederick Hollyer [aged 48]. Photograph of William Morris [aged 52].
1890. Frederick Hollyer [aged 51]. Photograph of Aubrey Beardsley.
Around 1890. Frederick Hollyer [aged 51]. Photograph of Emma Margaret "Margot" Tennant [aged 25].
Emma Margaret "Margot" Tennant: On 2nd February 1864 she was born to Charles Tennant 1st Baronet and Emma Winsloe Lady Tennant. On 10th May 1894 Herbert Henry Asquith 1st Earl of Oxford and Asquith and she were married at St George's Church, Hanover Square. On 28th July 1945 she died.
Around 1890. Frederick Hollyer [aged 51]. Photograph of Octavia Laura Mary Tennant.
Octavia Laura Mary Tennant: In 1862 she was born to Charles Tennant 1st Baronet and Emma Winsloe Lady Tennant. In 1885 Arthur Lyttelton and she were married. The couple lived at 4 Upper Brook Street, Mayfair. In 1886 Octavia Laura Mary Tennant died from childbirth.
Around 1890. Frederick Hollyer [aged 51]. Photograph of William Butler Yeats.
Around 1890. Frederick Hollyer [aged 51]. Photograph of Sir Aston Webb.
1890. Frederick Hollyer [aged 51]. Photograph of Richard Le Gallienne.
1890. Frederick Hollyer [aged 51]. Photograph of Ellen Terry [aged 42].
1894. Frederick Hollyer [aged 55]. Photograph of John Ruskin [aged 74].
1896. Frederick Hollyer [aged 57]. Photograph of Simeon Solomon [aged 55].
On 21st November 1933 Frederick Hollyer [aged 95] died.