William of Worcester's Chronicle of England
William of Worcester, born around 1415, and died around 1482 was secretary to John Fastolf, the renowned soldier of the Hundred Years War, during which time he collected documents, letters, and wrote a record of events. Following their return to England in 1440 William was witness to major events. Twice in his chronicle he uses the first person: 1. when writing about the murder of Thomas, 7th Baron Scales, in 1460, he writes '… and I saw him lying naked in the cemetery near the porch of the church of St. Mary Overie in Southwark …' and 2. describing King Edward IV's entry into London in 1461 he writes '… proclaimed that all the people themselves were to recognize and acknowledge Edward as king. I was present and heard this, and immediately went down with them into the city'. William’s Chronicle is rich in detail. It is the source of much information about the Wars of the Roses, including the term 'Diabolical Marriage' to describe the marriage of Queen Elizabeth Woodville’s brother John’s marriage to Katherine, Dowager Duchess of Norfolk, he aged twenty, she sixty-five or more, and the story about a paper crown being placed in mockery on the severed head of Richard, 3rd Duke of York.
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Paternal Family Tree: West
In 1872 [her father] William Cornwallis-West (age 36) and [her mother] Mary "Patsy" Fitzpatrick (age 16) were married. He was more than twice her age - the marriage arranged to avoid a scandal. They lived at Ruthin Castle [Map]. The difference in their ages was 20 years.
On 16th May 1875 Constance Edwina "Shelagh" Cornwallis-West Duchess Westminster was born to [her father] William Cornwallis-West (age 40) and [her mother] Mary "Patsy" Fitzpatrick (age 19).
On 22nd December 1899 Hugh Lupus Grosvenor 1st Duke Westminster (age 74) died. His grandson [her future husband] Hugh (age 20) succeeded 2nd Duke Westminster, 4th Marquess Westminster, 5th Earl Grosvenor, 11th Baronet Grosvenor of Eaton in Cheshire. Monument in Grosvenor Chapel, St Mary's Church, Eccleston [Map] sculpted by Leon Joseph Chavalliaud (age 41).
On 16th February 1901 Hugh "Bendor" Grosvenor 2nd Duke Westminster (age 21) and Constance Edwina "Shelagh" Cornwallis-West Duchess Westminster (age 25) were married. She by marriage Duchess Westminster.
On 1902 William Lygon 7th Earl Beauchamp (age 29) and [her sister-in-law] Lettice Mary Elizabeth Grosvenor Countess Beauchamp (age 25) were married. She by marriage Countess Beauchamp. He the son of Frederick Lygon 6th Earl Beauchamp and Mary Catherine Stanhope Countess Beauchamp. They were half third cousin once removed.
1902. James Lafayette (age 49). Photograph of Constance Edwina "Shelagh" Cornwallis-West Duchess Westminster (age 26).
1902. James Lafayette (age 49). Photograph of Constance Edwina "Shelagh" Cornwallis-West Duchess Westminster (age 26).
On 21st February 1902 [her daughter] Ursula Mary Grosvenor was born to [her husband] Hugh "Bendor" Grosvenor 2nd Duke Westminster (age 22) and Constance Edwina "Shelagh" Cornwallis-West Duchess Westminster (age 26). She married (1) 23rd July 1924 William Patrick Filmer-Sankey (2) 5th October 1940 Major Stephen Hardy Vernon.
1907. James Lafayette (age 54). Photograph of Constance Edwina "Shelagh" Cornwallis-West Duchess Westminster (age 31).
The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy
The Gesta Normannorum Ducum [The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy] is a landmark medieval chronicle tracing the rise and fall of the Norman dynasty from its early roots through the pivotal events surrounding the Norman Conquest of England. Originally penned in Latin by the monk William of Jumièges shortly before 1060 and later expanded at the behest of William the Conqueror, the work chronicles the deeds, politics, battles, and leadership of the Norman dukes, especially William’s own claim to the English throne. The narrative combines earlier historical sources with firsthand information and oral testimony to present an authoritative account of Normandy’s transformation from a Viking settlement into one of medieval Europe’s most powerful realms. William’s history emphasizes the legitimacy, military prowess, and governance of the Norman line, framing their expansion, including the conquest of England, as both divinely sanctioned and noble in purpose. Later chroniclers such as Orderic Vitalis and Robert of Torigni continued the history, extending the coverage into the 12th century, providing broader context on ducal rule and its impact. Today this classic work remains a foundational source for understanding Norman identity, medieval statesmanship, and the historical forces that reshaped England and Western Europe between 800AD and 1100AD.
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In 1908 Constance Edwina "Shelagh" Cornwallis-West Duchess Westminster (age 32) was one of only two women to compete in sailing at the 1908 Summer Olympics as owner and extra crewmember of the 8-metre bronze medal-winning yacht Sorais.
On 27th June 1910 [her daughter] Mary Constance Grosvenor was born to [her husband] Hugh "Bendor" Grosvenor 2nd Duke Westminster (age 31) and Constance Edwina "Shelagh" Cornwallis-West Duchess Westminster (age 35).
On 4th July 1917 [her father] William Cornwallis-West (age 82) died.
On 19th December 1919 Hugh "Bendor" Grosvenor 2nd Duke Westminster (age 40) and Constance Edwina "Shelagh" Cornwallis-West Duchess Westminster (age 44) were divorced on the grounds of his desertion and misconduct, with the decree being made absolute 19 December 1919. The alimony settlement of £13,000 a year he made upon her, which she declined, was then the largest in British legal history.
"The duchess of Westminster has been granted a divorce from Hugh Richard Arthur Grosvenor, second duke of Westminster, on the grounds of desertion and misconduct. Counsel for the duke said a simple dental to the charges had been entered original1y, but that upon trial the case had not been contested, The duchess of Westminster formerly was Constance Edwina, daughter of Col. Willlam Cornwallis-West, She and her husband signed na separation agreement in 1914, They were married in 1901 and have two children. The duke of Westminster served in Egypt in 1915 and won the D.S.O. for bravery. The duchess is one of the most beautiful women in the British isles, The duke is England's richest landlord and the world's most ardent and possibly most expert polo player. He owns 600 acres In the heart of London, Grosvenor House gallery, founded in 1770, and 30,000 acres of rich land in Cheshire.
On 14th January 1920, just over three weeks after her divorce from Hugh "Bendor" Grosvenor 2nd Duke Westminster (age 40), John Fitzpatrick Lewis and Constance Edwina "Shelagh" Cornwallis-West Duchess Westminster (age 44) were married.
New York Times 23 Jan 1920. DUCHESS (age 44) MARRIED TO ARMY AVIATOR. Former Wife of Duke of Westminster Got Absolute Divorce Last Month.
ROMANCE OF WAR HOSPITAL. Bride Is Daughter of Col. Cornwallis West and Married the Duke. in 1901.
Special Cable to The New York Times.
LONDON, Jan. 23 [1920]—A society romance is revealed by the marriage of the Duchess of Wesiminster to [her husband] Captain James Fitzpatrick Lewis, late of the Royal Air Force. The wedding took place at the Registry Office at Lyndhurst, where the Duchess has a country residence, on Jan. 14, a maid being the only witness.
Only a limited circle of intimate friends knew the marriage was to take place, and the actual ceremony was as secret as could be arranged. It was the Duchess’s wish that no announcement should be made until after she and her husband left for the Continent, where they are visiting her mother, Mrs. Cornwailis-West.
It was early in the war that Lewis first met the Duchess. He was then in the Royal Flying Corps, stationed near le Touquet, close to the hospital established by the Duchess. Early acquaintance ripened into deep friendship, and when the Captain was demobilized he became private secretary and agent of the Duchess. News of their marriage will be no surprise to their intimate friends. Lewis is about 30 years of age, a keen sportsman, and before the war was in business in London.
The Duchess obtained a divorce from the [her former husband] Duke (age 40) last June, the decree being made absolute Dec. 19 last. An extraordinary story of domestic unhappiness was revealed at the hearing of the case. The Duchess said it was in 1909 that her relations with the Duke first became unhappy. In the three years which followed she continued to occupy the same house, but they lived almost entirely separate lives. Then the Duke ceased to live with the Duchess and in spite of her repeated requests to him to return "for the children's sake if not for your own and mine."
He refused to come back and the Duchess finally instituted proceedines for divorce. Three children were born to the Duke and the Duchess. The son and heir died at the age of 5, in 1909. King Edward being godfather. Two daughters are Lady Ursula Grosvenor and Lady Mary Grosvenor.
The Duchess rendered hospital service in the war which earned mention in dispatches.
The Press. The Press, Volume 56, Issue 16741, 26th January 1920. DUCHESS OF WESTMESTER, A SECRET MARRIAGE.
(By Cable—Press Associatior—Copyright.) (Australian and N.Z. Cable Association.) (Received January 25th. 5.5 p.m.)
LONDON. January 23. The Duchess of Westminster, whose divorce decree was made absolute on December 19th, was secretly married to [her husband] Captain James Lewis, formerly of the Royal Air Force.
They met when Captain Lewis was undergoing treatment at the Duchess's hospital, in France. Lewis, prior to. the war, was in business at Lloyd’s. He is a sportsman, a billiard player, and an amateur actor. For some time he has been the Duchess’s private secretary. He is a few years her junior
[Constance Edwina (age 44), C.B.E., Duchess of Westminster, is the youngest daughter of the late Mr W. C. Cornwallis-West. She was married in 1901 to the [her former husband] Duke of Westminster (age 40), there being two daughters of the marriage. She obtained a deorce nisi from the Duke of! Westminster a few months ago on the grounds of adultory and desertion, the case causing considerable stir in London.]
John Fitzpatrick Lewis: On 14th January 1920, just over three weeks after her divorce from Hugh "Bendor" Grosvenor 2nd Duke Westminster, he and Constance Edwina "Shelagh" Cornwallis-West Duchess Westminster were married.
On 21st July 1920 [her mother] Mary "Patsy" Fitzpatrick (age 64) died.
On 26th November 1920 [her former husband] Hugh "Bendor" Grosvenor 2nd Duke Westminster (age 41) and Violet Mary Nelson Duchess Westminster (age 29) were married.
On 23rd July 1924 [her son-in-law] William Patrick Filmer-Sankey (age 24) and [her daughter] Ursula Mary Grosvenor (age 22) were married. She the daughter of [her former husband] Hugh "Bendor" Grosvenor 2nd Duke Westminster (age 45) and Constance Edwina "Shelagh" Cornwallis-West Duchess Westminster (age 49).
Chronicle of Abbot Ralph of Coggeshall
The Chronicle of Abbot Ralph of Coggeshall (Chronicon Anglicanum) is an indispensable medieval history that brings to life centuries of English and European affairs through the eyes of a learned Cistercian monk. Ralph of Coggeshall, abbot of the Abbey of Coggeshall in Essex in the early 13th century, continued and expanded his community’s chronicle, documenting events from the Norman Conquest of 1066 into the tumultuous reign of King Henry III. Blending eyewitness testimony, careful compilation, and the monastic commitment to record-keeping, this chronicle offers a rare narrative of political intrigue, royal power struggles, and social upheaval in England and beyond. Ralph’s work captures the reigns of pivotal figures such as Richard I and King John, providing invaluable insights into their characters, decisions, and the forces that shaped medieval rule. More than a simple annal, Chronicon Anglicanum conveys the texture of medieval life and governance, making it a rich source for scholars and readers fascinated by English history, monastic authorship, and the shaping of the medieval world.
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In 1926 [her former husband] Hugh "Bendor" Grosvenor 2nd Duke Westminster (age 46) and Violet Mary Nelson Duchess Westminster (age 35) were divorced.
Sunday Morning Star 1st July 1928. Divorced [her former husband] Duke (age 49) and Duchess (age 53) Entertain Together
It is getting to be so that a thing like a divorce seems to amount to nothing here in England. For example, the other night, the Duke of Westminster and his first wife, who is now the spouse of Captain James Fitzpatrick Lewis, acted as joint host and hostess at & ball given in honour of their daughter, Lady [her daughter] Mary Grosvenor (age 18), on the occasion of her debut1.
The ball was a very grand affair in the ancient town house of the Duke of Westminster, which the lady (once his duchess) had not entered since some time before she divorced him several years ago.
London has rarely seen a more brilliant and fashionable assemblage and the most interesting part of it was that couple standing at the top of the great stairway to receive their guests. Their charming daugher, Lady Mary Grosvenor, seemed quite at ease in spite of this astonishing detail of her coming out ball, and it is noteworthy that all the very brilliant and blue blooded‘ members of the smartest set in the world who were guests, took it as if they thought it quite a matter of course for a divorced couple, one of them remarried, to be standing side by side bowing and smiling at their friends. The Duke and Duchess were divorced in in 1910. They have met in public many times since then and always have seemed to be the very best of friends in spite of their agreement to disagree. The Duke is one of the richest men in the world, being surely worth $100,000,000. He spends much of his time on a vast estate in France which is stocked for the hunting of wild boar, or on his wonderful yacht, on which he cruises much in the Mediterrancan. This divorce was not his first experience of the kind. Before he married the lady who received with him the other night, he had made one unsatisfactory matrimonial venture.
Note 1. Lady Mary's 18th Birthday was on the 27th June.
On 20th February 1930 [her former husband] Hugh "Bendor" Grosvenor 2nd Duke Westminster (age 50) and Loelia Mary Ponsonby Duchess Westminster (age 28) were married. She by marriage Duchess Westminster. His third marriage; her first. Winston Churchill (age 55) was best man. They were married until 1947 when the marriage was dissolved. No issue. The difference in their ages was 22 years. They were fourth cousin once removed.
On 26th July 1936 [her former sister-in-law] Lettice Mary Elizabeth Grosvenor Countess Beauchamp (age 59) died estranged from all her children except her youngest Richard Edward Lygon (age 19).
On 5th October 1940 [her son-in-law] Major Stephen Hardy Vernon (age 29) and [her daughter] Ursula Mary Grosvenor (age 38) were married at St Margaret's Church, Westminster [Map]. She the daughter of [her former husband] Hugh "Bendor" Grosvenor 2nd Duke Westminster (age 61) and Constance Edwina "Shelagh" Cornwallis-West Duchess Westminster (age 65).
On 7th February 1947 [her former husband] Hugh "Bendor" Grosvenor 2nd Duke Westminster (age 67) and Anne Winifred Sullivan Marchioness Westminster (age 31) were married. She by marriage Marchioness Westminster. The difference in their ages was 36 years.
On 19th July 1953 [her former husband] Hugh "Bendor" Grosvenor 2nd Duke Westminster (age 74) died. His first cousin William (age 58) succeeded 3rd Duke Westminster, 5th Marquess Westminster, 6th Earl Grosvenor, 12th Baronet Grosvenor of Eaton in Cheshire.
On 21st January 1970 Constance Edwina "Shelagh" Cornwallis-West Duchess Westminster (age 94) died.
Kings Wessex: Great x 23 Grand Daughter of King Edmund "Ironside" I of England
Kings Gwynedd: Great x 20 Grand Daughter of Owain "Great" King Gwynedd
Kings Seisyllwg: Great x 24 Grand Daughter of Hywel "Dda aka Good" King Seisyllwg King Deheubarth
Kings Powys: Great x 21 Grand Daughter of Maredudd ap Bleddyn King Powys
Kings Godwinson: Great x 24 Grand Daughter of King Harold II of England
Kings England: Great x 14 Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Kings Scotland: Great x 22 Grand Daughter of King Duncan I of Scotland
Kings Franks: Great x 20 Grand Daughter of Louis VII King of the Franks
Kings France: Great x 22 Grand Daughter of Robert "Pious" II King of the Franks
Kings Duke Aquitaine: Great x 27 Grand Daughter of Ranulf I Duke Aquitaine
Great x 4 Grandfather: John West 6th Baron De La Warr
10 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: John West 1st Earl De La Warr 11 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 2 Grandfather: John West 2nd Earl De La Warr
10 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Donough MacCarty 4th Earl Clancarty 8 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 3 Grandmother: Charlotte Maccarthy Baroness De La Warr 9 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Elizabeth Spencer Countess Clancarty
10 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 1 Grandfather: Frederick West
11 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
GrandFather: Frederick Richard West
12 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Father: William Cornwallis-West
13 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 1 Grandfather: Captain John Whitby
GrandMother: Theresa Whitby 15 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: Reverend John Symonds
Great x 2 Grandfather: Captain Thomas Symonds 13 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Thomas Spring 3rd Baronet
11 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 3 Grandmother: Mary Spring
12 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Merelina Jermyn Lady Gage Lady Spring
Great x 1 Grandmother: Mary Anne Symonds 14 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Constance Edwina "Shelagh" Cornwallis-West Duchess Westminster
14 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
GrandFather: Reverend Frederick Fitzpatrick
Mother: Mary "Patsy" Fitzpatrick 17 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: Thomas Taylour 1st Earl of Bective
Great x 2 Grandfather: Thomas Taylour 1st Marquess of Headfort
Great x 4 Grandfather: Hercules Langford Rowley Viscount Langford
Great x 3 Grandmother: Jane Rowley
Great x 4 Grandmother: Elizabeth Rowley 1st Viscountess Langford
Great x 1 Grandfather: Thomas Taylour 2nd Marquess of Headfort 15 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Valentine Quin
Great x 3 Grandfather: George Quin
Great x 2 Grandmother: Mary Quin Marchioness of Headfort 14 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Henry Cavendish 1st Baronet
12 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 3 Grandmother: Caroline Cavendish
13 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Anne Pyne 13 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward I of England
GrandMother: Olivia Taylour 16 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 2 Grandfather: John Stevenson of Dublin
Great x 1 Grandmother: Olivia Stevenson