Biography of Thomas Howard 2nd Duke of Norfolk 1443-1524

On 6th July 1483 King Richard III of England (age 30) and his wife Anne Neville (age 27) at Westminster Abbey [Map]. Duke Gloucester, Earl Richmond forfeit merged with the Crown. Cardinal Thomas Bourchier (age 65) officiated. Anne Neville Queen Consort England by marriage Queen Consort England.

[his father] John Howard 1st Duke of Norfolk (age 58) was appointed Lord High Steward. William Brandon (age 58), Thomas Fitzalan 10th or 17th Earl of Arundel (age 33), Thomas St Leger (age 43), Richard Hastings Baron Willoughby (age 50), Elizabeth Woodville Queen Consort England (age 46), Elizabeth York Duchess Suffolk (age 39), Giles Daubeney 1st Baron Daubeney (age 32) and Humphrey Dacre 1st Baron Dacre Gilsland (age 59) attended.

Robert Dymoke (age 22) attended as the Kings' Champion.

Edmund Grey 1st Earl Kent (age 66) carried The Pointed Sword of Justice. Thomas Howard 2nd Duke of Norfolk (age 40) carried the Crown. Francis Lovell 1st Viscount Lovell (age 27) carried the Third Sword of State. John de la Pole 2nd Duke of Suffolk (age 40) carried the Sceptre. John de la Pole 1st Earl Lincoln (age 21) carried the Cross and Ball. Henry Stafford 2nd Duke of Buckingham (age 28) carried the king's train. Edward Stafford 2nd Earl Wiltshire (age 13) bore the Queen's Crown.

Thomas Stanley 1st Earl of Derby (age 48) carried the Lord High Constable's Mace. Margaret Beaufort Countess Richmond (age 40) held Queen Anne's train. Henry Percy 4th Earl of Northumberland (age 34) carried The Blunt Sword of Mercy. Christopher Willoughby 10th Baron Willoughby (age 30) was appointed Knight of the Bath.

Humphrey Dacre 1st Baron Dacre Gilsland attended.

Cecily "Rose of Raby" Neville Duchess York (age 68) refused to attend the Coronation of King Richard III. History doesn't record her reason.

On 22nd August 1485 King Richard III of England (age 32) was killed during the Battle of Bosworth. His second cousin once removed Henry Tudor (age 28) succeeded VII King of England.

Humphrey Cotes (age 35) died. It isn't clear on which side he was fighting.

Those supporting Henry Tudor included:

John Blount 3rd Baron Mountjoy (age 35).

John Cheney 1st Baron Cheyne (age 43).

Richard Guildford (age 35).

Walter Hungerford (age 21).

Thomas Stanley 1st Earl of Derby (age 50).

John Wingfield.

Edward Woodville Lord Scales (age 29).

Edward Courtenay 1st Earl Devon (age 26).

Rhys ap Thomas Deheubarth (age 36).

Jasper Tudor 1st Duke Bedford (age 53).

William Beaumont 2nd Viscount Beaumont (age 47).

Giles Daubeney 1st Baron Daubeney (age 34).

William Stanley (age 50).

Roger Kynaston of Myddle and Hordley (age 52).

Henry Marney 1st Baron Marney (age 38).

William Brandon (age 29) was killed.

James Harrington (age 55) was killed.

[his father] John Howard 1st Duke of Norfolk (age 60) was killed and attainted. He was buried firstly at Thetford Priory, Norfolk [Map] and therafter at Church of St Michael the Archangel, Framlingham [Map]. Duke Norfolk, Baron Mowbray, Baron Segrave, Baron Howard forfeit.

John Sacheverell (age 85) was killed.

Philibert Chandee 1st Earl Bath

William Norreys (age 44), Gilbert Talbot (age 33), John de Vere 13th Earl of Oxford (age 42) and John Savage (age 41) commanded,.

Robert Poyntz (age 35) was knighted.

Those who fought for Richard III included:

John Bourchier 6th Baron Ferrers of Groby (age 47).

John Conyers (age 74).

Thomas Dacre 2nd Baron Dacre Gilsland (age 17).

William Berkeley 1st Marquess Berkeley (age 59).

Richard Fitzhugh 6th Baron Fitzhugh (age 28).

John Scrope 5th Baron Scrope of Bolton (age 48).

Thomas Scrope 6th Baron Scrope of Masham (age 26).

Henry Grey 4th or 7th Baron Grey of Codnor (age 50).

Edmund Grey 1st Earl Kent (age 68).

Ralph Neville 3rd Earl of Westmoreland (age 29).

John de la Pole 1st Earl Lincoln (age 23).

Humphrey Stafford (age 59).

George Talbot 4th Earl of Shrewsbury (age 17).

Thomas Howard 2nd Duke of Norfolk (age 42) was wounded, captured and imprisoned in the Tower of London [Map] for three years. He was attainted; Earl Surrey forfeit.

Francis Lovell 1st Viscount Lovell (age 29) fought and escaped.

John Zouche 7th Baron Zouche Harringworth (age 26) was captured.

John Babington (age 62), William Alington (age 65), Robert Mortimer (age 43), Robert Brackenbury, Richard Ratclyffe (age 55) and Richard Bagot (age 73) were killed

Walter Devereux Baron Ferrers of Chartley (age 53) was killed.

William Catesby (age 35) was executed at Leicester, Leicestershire [Map] after the battle.

George Stanley 9th Baron Strange Knockin 5th Baron Mohun Dunster (age 25) held as a hostage by Richard III before the Battle of Bosworth.

Henry Percy 4th Earl of Northumberland (age 36) betrayed King Richard III of England by not committing his forces at the Battle of Bosworth.

John Iwardby (age 35) was killed.

The Antiquarian Repertory. The Sunday [12th February 1503] next following the corps (deceased) was removed from her Chamber to the Chappell [Map] in manner that followeth.

First there was The Abbott of Westminster (age 39) in pontificalibus with the Dean of the kings Chappell (age 63) and the whole company of the same fowr knights bearing the Canapye with great Number of Gentlemen which went two and two together on every syde of the prossion great Number of torches brening borne by the Kings and the Queens servants after them the Officers of Armes and the Greatest estates and other Lords their present layd their hands to the Corps the Lady Elizabeth Stafford (age 24) was that day principall Mourner and all the other Laides followed her two and two together in such most sadd and simplest Clothing that they had on their heads thredden kierchiefs hanging on their shoulders and close under their Chins and this daily until their slopps mantells hoodes and paris were made and Ordyned. And when the Corps was sett under the hearse in the Chapell [Map] Coverd with a rich Cloth of black velvet with a Crosse of Cloth of Gold. And an Officer of Armes in an high voice said for Queen EHzebeth soule and all Xtn souls Pater noster and every ...... and atoremus before the Collect Aminabus inlykewise.

That night and every Night following was ordyned a goodly watch both of men and Gentlewomen at the lest iiij gentlewomen ij [2] officers of Armes and vij yeomen and grooms. The gentlewomen were relieved with vj [6] ladies which continually did knele about the Corps.

Then the kings Chaplin began and Redd the sawter that done to the laudes and Commendations.

After that the Deane of the kings Chappell all the nobles officers of Armes other gentle and honest persons went to the great chamber for the Ladys to the Masse of Requiem.

Then was the Lady Catherin (age 23) sister of the noble Queene Cheif mourner led by the Earle of Surry (age 60) and Earle of Essex her train borne by the Lady Elizabeth Stafford accompanied also with all the other Laidies and Gentlewomen of the Court And when they were comen to the quier the foresaid vj Laides gave roome to there betters in tyme masse was done after which they continued their watch.

The Cheif Mourner kneled at the heade alone then an officer of Arms began for the Queene &c And so began the masse songen by the Abbot of Westminster at the Offringe the Lady was led by ij [2] of the greatest Estates there present and the lest gave her the offring having before her the Chamberlain and the Officers of Arms passing always by the Corps did their obeysance as before.

Then offered the other six Laides before any Estate ij [2] and ij [2] together then the greatest estates and all the Laides and Gentlewomen then all the other Laides and knights and squires with other Gentlemen. So this order as before was dayly kept as long as she was in the Tower every day in pontificalibus by a Bishop or an Abbott at the least as the next day by the Abbott of Barmsey The iij [3] by the Abbott Albones The iiijth by the Abbott of Winchcomb The v^th by the Abbott of Towerhill The vj^th by the Abbott of Stratford The vij^th day there was iij [3] solempne masses. The first of our lady sungen by the Abbott of Redyng att that masse offered a piece of Gold of xld for the masse pennye the principle Mourner and no other person The second masse songen by the bishop Landaffe and likewise at the masse none offered but she and then offered a piece of Gold of 5s. The iij^d Masse songen by the bishop of Norwigge and att that Masse she offered a Noble Then offered the Laides and the Nobles as before The viij^th day the service was done by the Bishop of Bangor The ix^th day by the Bishop of Exeter the xii day by the Bishop of Lincolne.

Collectanea by John Leland. And hee beeing att Coliweston [Map] the 8th Day of the Monneth of Jully followyng [8th July 1503], gaffe hyr Licence, and made her to bee convayed vary noblely out of his sayd Realme; as more playnly shal be here folowving remembred, toward the right high and mighty and right excellent Prince Jamys, by the Grace of God, Kyng of Scotys, in followmg the good Luffe, fraternall Dilleccion, and Intelligence of Maryage betwix hym and the saide Quene, The Holly Ghost, by his Grace, wyl maynteyn them in long Prosperitie.

First, in the said Conveying, was ordonned by the Kyng, for Principali, th’ Erle of Surrey (age 60), Tresorer of Inglaund, varey noblely arayed, and all his Trayne. And also many Nobles, Lords, Knyghts, and Squyers in his Company, togeder with my [his wife] Lady his Wyffe (age 26), accompaned of many Ladys and Gentyllwomen varey noblely arayed. Off the wich it was a fayre Syght, to the grette Joy of all Noblese, there to bee, to th’ Ende of the Performatyon of the said Maryage, and after the said Mariage made and accomplished, they returned.

With the said Quene was deputed Sir Rawff Vernell, hyr .... the wich well and noblely excersed his Office in the sayd Voyage, accompayned of my Lady his Wyffe, of many Gentylmen, Gentyllswomen, and others abidyng in Scotland, by the Space folowyng the good Plaisure of the Kyng.

also for the Conveiyng of the sayd Quene throowt Inglaund, ther was apoynted many grette Lords, Nobles, Knyghts, Ladyes, Squyers, Gentyllswomen, and oders, for to convay hyr fro Place to Place. Sum fourther thenne others, as they war ordonned by the Kyng, and sens to retorne ageyn.

In lykewys of the Nobles of the Countre, Governors of Townes, other Officers of the Lordschyps, Mayers, Sheryffes, Aldermen, Burgesses, and Citoyens of the goods Townes, thorough the witch she shiould passe, to make her all Honor and Reverence.

And after all this, of her Highness's Voyage thorough the Realme of Scotlaund, and of that witch shal be doon for the Recepcyon of her, schal be rehersed in lykewys.

Collectanea by John Leland. The next Day, that was Sonday XVIth Day of the said Monneth [16th July 1503], the said Quene (age 13) remayned in the said Towne of York. At Ten of the Clok that Day she was couveyed to the Church, with the sayd ArchByschop, the Byschops of Durham, Morrey, and Norrwysche, the Prelates before mentioned, and other honourable Folks of the Churche, my Lord of Surrey (age 60), the Lord hyr Chammerlayn, and other Nobles, Knyghts, Squyers, and Gentylmen, and the said Mayre, Aldermen, and Scheryffes, to the Nomber of Two hundreth and more: With hyr wer Ladies and Gentylwomen of hyr Company, and Straungers, to the Nombre of XL. And so was shee conveyed to the Church. It was a fair Syght for to see the Company fo rychly apoynted.

Thus nobly was she conveyd into her Travers, wher before her was an Awter drest of many ryches and noble: Jewells, and an hygh Awter in lykewyse. And ther she heard Masse in the mean tyme that the said ArchByschop maid hymselfe redy.

After the sayd Masse, begonne the Processyon generall, varey fayr. Ther war fyrst, the Crossys and the Colleges, vested of varey rych Copys. After them came the Souffragan, Subdyacon, the Abbot of Saunte Mary, Dyacon, the Crosse borne before the Archbyschop, and with him the Byschop of Durham, all in Pontificalis.

After them cam the following Lords rychly apoynted, the Lord Wylleby, Lord Scroup and hys Son, the Lord Latymer, the Lords Hastyngs, th Erle of Kent (age 49) and hys Son, the Lord Straunge, th Erle of Northumberland (age 25), the Byschops of Morray and of Norrwych, the Lord Maire, th’ Erle of Surrey, the Lord Chamberlayn, the Officers of Armes, and the Sergents.

Then cam the Quene rychly arayde in a Gowne of Cloth of Gold, a ryche Coller of precyouses Stones, and a Gyrdle wrought of fin Gold hauntyng don to the Yerth. The [his wife] Countesse of Surrey (age 26) bare her Trayne, a Gentleman Huyscher [usher] helpyng her. After hyr cam the Ladyes and Gentylwomen as before, varey rychly drest in goodly Gownys, grett Collers, grett Chaynnes, Gyrdles of Gold, and other Richesses.

After hyr followed the Nobles, Knyghts, Gentylmen, and Squyers, in fayr Aray, honnestly apoynted, having grett Chaynnes upon them. The said Church was so full of honnesty Personnes, Ladyes, and Gentylwomen of the said Towne, and many other People, in so grett Nombre, that it would be impossible for them to be nombred. But so good Ordre there was, that none Cry, ne Noyse was maid.

The Erle of Northumberland was arayd of a varey ryche Gowne of Cloth of Gold. Hys Thre Gentylmen of Honor wer drest with longe Jakets full of Orsavery, very rychly wrought with hys Devyses, as wer likewys hys Folks.

Alter the Processyon doon, begonne the Hygh Masse by the said ArchByschop, the wich was slalied, as the Custome is to do. In Company of hym wer the said Abbot and Souffragan, with others honnorable Personnes of the Churche, and they sange the Servyce of the said Masse, in the Chappelle of my said Lord of Northumberlaund, with much Solemnity.

At the Hour of the Offretory, the said Quene was brought. to the Offrynge in the Presence of the said Prelats, Lords, and others, Knyghts, Squyers, and Gentylmen. And whenne she had offred she retourned agayn. Then every Man went agayn in hys Place as before, and the said Erle of Surrey gaffe to hyr hyr Offryng.

The Masses doon, the Quene was by the said Company presedente, in fayr Aray and Ordre, brought ageyn to the Pallays. And within the grett Chammer, was presented before hyr my Lady the Countesse of Northumberlaund (age 26), well accompanyd of many Knyghts and Gentylmen, Ladyes and Gentylwomen, the Qwene kyssyng hyr in the Welcomynge. And as soon as she was com in hyr Chammer, she begonne to-dynne. Trompetts and other Instruments rang to the Auncyenne Manere, lastyng the said Dynner.

The said Archbyschop held open Hows, in makyng good Cher to all comyng togeder. My Lord the Mayre and the Scheryffs did so, as I raporte me to them that was ther present.

Collectanea by John Leland. The XXth Day of the said Monneth [20th July 1503] the Quene (age 13) departed from Darnton in fayr Aray, and with the precedente Company went to the Town of Durham. A Mylle out of the said Towne, cam before hyr Syr Richard Stanley and my Lady his Wyffe, accompanyd of Gentlemen and Gentlewomen varey well appoynted, hys Folks arayd in hys Livery, to the Nombre of L Horsys, v/ell mounted.

Then the Quene prepared hyrselfe to enter into the said Towne, and every ychon in lyk wys, in fayr Aray, and rychely, after the Manere acostomed. In specyall th Erle of Northumberlaund (age 25) ware on a goodly Gowne of Tynfill, fourred with Hermynes¹. He was mounted upon a fayr Courser, hys Harnays of Goldsmyth Warke, and thorough that sam was sawen small Bells that maid a mellodyous Noyse, without sparing Gambads. Hys Gentylmen of Honor and hys Company wer well appoynted.

At the Intryng of the said Towne, and with in, in the Streytts and in the Wyndowes was so innumerable People, that it was a fayr Thing for to se. And in fayr Ordre she was conveyd to the Church, the Officers of Armes, Sergeants of Armes, Trompetts, and Mynstrells going before her.

At the Gatt of the Church [Durham Cathedral [Map]] was my Lord the Byschop of the sayd Place, and my Lord the Prior, revested in Pontificalis, with the Convent all revested of ryches Copps, in Processyon, with the Crossys. And ther was apoynted a Place for to kisse them.

Then the sayd Processyon departed in Ordre, and all the Noblesse in lyke wys, to the Church, in whiche ny to the Fount was a ryche Awter, adorned of ryches Jwells and precyowses Relikes, the wich the said Bischop delivered to the said Qwene to kiss. And by the Erle of Surrey (age 60) was gyffyn hyr Offrynge. After this sche was noble conveyd to the Castell, wher her Lodging was prepared and drest honnestly. And every ychon retourned agayn to hys Repayre.

Note 1. 'fourred with Hermynes i.e. furred with ermines. Ermine in heraldry is a fur consisting of a white background with a pattern of black shapes representing the winter coat of the stoat with white fur and a black-tipped tail.

Collectanea by John Leland. [1st August 1503] At the Comyng ny to Lambertonkerke, ther was for to receyve hyr of the Parte of the Kinge of Scotts, the Ryght Reverend Father in God my Lord the Archbischop of Glasco, and the Counte, both well acompayned with many Lordes, Knyghts, Gentylmen, and Squyers, honestly apoynted, with Jaketts alonly of Velvet, of Damaske, and of Charolett, and war ali a Foot in Ordre, with grett Multitude of People apoynted, and mounted after the Manere of the Countre, of Jakets. Sum had theyr Armes armed apon theyr Jackeis. My Lord the Bischop of Morrey strongly did his Devor at the Semlynge of the two Partes. And ther war fyve Trompets or Claryons of the said Kinge, that blew at the Comming of the said Qwene. The wiche Mellodye was good to here and to se.

Before the said Scottysmen passed the Lords, Knyghts, and Gentlemen, makynge Gambaudes to the grett Gowre. And when the Qwene was come, the said Byschop of Morrey (age 38), the said Archbishop, and the said Counte avaunced toward hyr, and they knellyng downe to the Grownde, mayd the Receyvinge. Ther war in Presence, th Arch Bischop of York (age 54), the Bischop of Durham, and th Erle of Surrey (age 60). After thys, sche was brought to the Pavyllon ordonned for Recreacyon, and ny to that sam, sche was helped downe, and kyssed of the sayd Lordes, and by them she was brought to the Pavyllon, wher no body entred, except the Lordes and Ladyes: And within the sam was a Lady of the Countie clothed with Scarlatte, with Gentylwomen apoynted after ther Gyse, who had brought sum new Fruytts.

Ny to that sam Pavyllon war other thre. The one for the Pannetry, the tother for the Boutry, the tother for the Kytchin; and ther ichon delibered hymfelse to make good Chere and Drynk. For ther was Plante of Bred and Wyne, that ichon was countente.

After the Receyvynge doon, ichon putte hymfelse ageyn in Ordre, and the Qwene monted on Horsebak. The said Lord of Northumberlaun (age 25) maid his Devor at the Departynge, of Gambads and Lepps, as did likewise the Lord Scrop the Father, and many others that retorned ageyn, in takynge ther Congie. And of the Compame abydynge, the Qwene was conveyed to hyr Lodgynge at Fast Castell [Map], wher she was welcomd by the Lord of the said Place, and of the Ladie, Suster of the said Byschop of Morrey.

The Company was lodged in the Abbay of Codyngham [Map], and in the Towne, wher was ordonned Mett and Drynke for them, and also Liveray for ther Horsys, of Hay and Otts, ychon to hys Quantyte.

The Nomber of the Scotts at the Mettynge of the said Qwene war by Estimacyon a thousand Personnes, wherof ther myght be V C. Horsys of the thousand, of grett Prece and well apoynted. And of the Company passynge thorough with hyr to the Reyme of Scotland, war in Nombre betwixt V and VI C. well horsed and apoynted.

Collectanea by John Leland. The First Day of August [1st August 1503] the Qwene departed fro Barwick for to go to Lambertoukerke in varrey fair Company, and well appoynted.

First, of the said Archbyschops and Bischops, th Erles of Surrey (age 60) and of Northumberlaund (age 25), the Lord Dacres, the Lord Scroop and hys Son, the Lord Gray, the Lord Latemer, the Lord Chamberlain, Maister Polle, and other Nobles and Knyghts. The young Gentylmen wer well apoynted at thelr Devises, and ther was soumuch of Cloth of Gold, as of other ryche Rayments. Their Horsys frysks in Harnays of the Selfe: And apon thos Orfavery, sum others had Campanes gylt, the others Campanes of Sylver. Gambads at Plasur, that it was a fayr Thyng for to se.

The sayd Erle of Northumberlaund was varey well mounted, hys Horse rychly appoynted, hys Harnays of Gold in Brodeux, hymselse in a Jakette betten of Gold, well wrought In Goldsmith Werke, and Brodery, and in a Cloke of Porple borded of Cloth of Gold, Hys Hensmen appoynted as before mentioned. Incontinently before hym rode the Maister of his Horse, conveying the sam thre Hensmen arayd in Jaketts ali of Orsavery and Brodery, and ther Harnays of their Horsys in such wys of Orfavery and Brodery, full of small Bells that maid a grett Noyse. After thos cam a Gentylman ledyng in hys Haund a Corser covered to the Grownde of a varey rych Trapure betten of Gold of Orsavery and Brodery in Orannge. And ichon of the sam a gren Tre in the Manere of a Pyne, and maid the said Lord Pannades, and they weyited. varey honestly.

After cam the said Qwene varey rychly arayde and enorned with Gold and precyous Stones, setting in hyr Lytere rychly apoynted. Her Fotemen alwayes ny to hyr well apoynted. Hyr Pallefrey folowynge after hyr well apoynted, led by Syre Thomas Worteley (age 70), Maister of hyr Horse. After hyr, Ladyes and Gentylmen varey nobly and richly apoynted, and monted apon fayre Pallefreys, and their Harnays ryche in Appareyll.

After cam hyr Char rychly apoynted, fournysched of Ladyes and Gentyhvomen well apoynted, and after that, sum other Gentyhvomen on Horsebak honorably apoynted.

The sayd Cappitayne of Barrwyk, and my Lady hys Wyffe, acompayned of many Gentylmen and Gentyhvomen rychly arayd, and clothed of a Liveray, went with the said Qwene to Edenburghe.

Before the said Qwene war by Ordre, Johannes and hys Company, and Henry Glascebery and hys Company, the Trompetts, Officers of Armes, and Sergeants of Masse, so that at the Departyng owt of the said Barrwyk, and at hyr Bedward at Lambertoukerke, it was a joy for to see and here.

In such Stat and Aray the said Qwene cam out of Barrwyk. Ichon by Ordre, the Lordes and Nobles three and thre togeder, to the said Lambertonkerke, and the Company behind well apoynted and in fayr Aray, that it was estimed that ther war of the Parte of the said Qwene XVIIJ C. or two M. Horsys ali well apoynted.

Collectanea by John Leland. The IIJd Day of the said Monneth [3rd August 1503] the Qnene departed from the said Abbay wher sche and her Company had grett Chere, and in fayr Aray and Ordre past thorough the said Towne of Hadington, wher sche was sen of the People in grett Myrthe. And from that sche paffed to hyr Lodyngs to Acquik [Dalkieth].

Half a Mylle ny to the said Towne sche apoynted hyr rychly, and hyr Ladyes and Lordes, and others of hyr Company did the same, and in fayr Ordre entred into the Castell [Map], wher cam before hyr without the Gatt the Lord of the said Place called the Counte of Morton, honnestly apoynted and acompayned of many Gentylmen in presentynge hyr the Kees of the said Castell. And she was wellcomed as Lady and Maistresse.

Betwyxt the two Gatts was the Lady Morton (age 31) acompayned of Gentylmen and Ladyes. The wiche kneeled downe, and the said Qwene toke hyr up, and kyssed hyr, and so she was conveyd to hyr Chammer within the said Castell, the wich was well ordonned and a strong Place.

After that sche was come and well apoynted, and also hyr Lordes, Ladyes, Knyghts, Gentylmen and Gentylwomen, the Kynge cam arayd of a Jakette of Cramsyn Velvet borded with Cloth of Gold. Hys Lewre behinde hys Bake, hys Beerde somthynge long, acompayned of the Rlght Reverend Father in God my Lord th Arch Bischop of Saunte Andrews (age 27), Brother of the said Kynge, and Chaunceller of Scotlaunde, the Bischop of Caslenate, the Erls of Huntley, Argyle (age 54), and Lennos, and the Lord Hambleton (age 28), Cousin of the said Kyng, with many others, Lordes, Knyghtes, and Gentylmen, to the Nombre of LX Horsys.

The King was conveyd to the Qwenes Chamber, wher she mett hym at her grett Chamber Dore, right honorable acompayned. At the Mettynge he and she maid grett Reverences the one to the tother, his Hed belng bare, and they kyssed togeder, and in lykwys kyssed the Ladyes, and others also. And he in especiall welcomed th Erle of Surrey (age 60) varey hertly.

Then the Qnene and he went asyd and commoned togeder by long Space. She held good Manere, and he bare heded during the Tym, and many Courteyfyes passed. Incontynent was the Bord sett and served. They wasched their Haunds in humble Reverences, and after, sett them downe togeder wher many good Devyses war rehersed.

After the Soupper they wasched ageyn, with the Reverences, Mynstrells begonne to blowe, wher daunced the Qwene, acompayned of my [his wife] Lady of Surrey (age 26). This doon, the Kynge tuke Licence of hyr, for yt was latte, and he went to hys Bed at Edinborg varey well countent of so fayr Metting, and that hee had found the fayr Company togader.

At the Castell and Abbay of Newbottell, halfe a Mille thens, was ordonned Mett and Drynke by the Space of foure Dayes that she was ther, with Liveray of Horsys, as in the Places beforsaid.

Collectanea by John Leland. The IIIJth Day of the said Monneth [4th August 1503] the Qwene abode at the said Caftell, the wiche had grett Fest. Att foure of the Clok, after Dynner, the Archbyschopes of Yorke (age 54) and of Glasco, the Byschop of Durham, the Erle of Surrey (age 60), and th Erle Bothwell (age 51), acompayned of many others, Lordes, Knights, and Gentylmen, went to mett the Kynge, the wich was commyng for to se the Qwene ageyn, and to comforte hyr of sum Losse that she had had the Nyght before, by Fortune of Fyer, of her Pallefreys.

The Kynge fiyinge as the Bird that fyks hyr Prayr, tuke other Waye, and cam prively to the said Castell, and entred within the Chammer with a small Company, wher he founde the Qyvene playinge at the Cardes. At the Entrynge, the Qwene avaunced hyr toward hym in receyvinge hym varey gladly, and of Good Wyll kyssyng hym, and after he gaffe Salut to the Ladyes and Company presente.

In Commonynge togeder, cam the sam Lordes here abousse named, to whom the Kynge did Reverence, his Bonnett in hys Hannd, in specyall to the Arch Byschop of York, and to the Byschop of Durham, in welcomynge them. After som Wordes rehersed betwyx them, the Mynstrells begonne to play a basse Daunce, the wich was daunced by the said Qwene and the [his wife] Countesse of Surrey (age 26).

After thys doon, tha-y playde a Rownde, the wich was daunced by the Lorde Gray ledynge the said Qwene acompayned of many Lordes, Ladyes, and Gentylwoemen. After was brought Wyn and Bred to the Kynge, the wiche tuke the Bred, and thereof served the said Qwene. Lykwys the Coupp of wich he fyrst servyd hyr. And after all, the Companv presente draunke also.

Incmntynent the Kynge begonne before hyr to play of the Claryeordes, and after of the Lute, wiche pleasyd hyr varey much, and she had grett Plaisur to here hym.

Apon the said Clarycorde Sir Edward Stannely playd a Baliade, and sange therwith, wiche the Kynge commended right muche. And incountynent hee called a Gentylman of hys that colde synge weil, and mayd them synge togeder, the wiche accorded varey well.

Afterward the said Sir Edward Stannely and two of hys Servaunts sange a Baliade or two, wherof the Kynge gave hym good Thaunke.

After all thyse Thyngs fullfylled, the Kynge tuke Licence of the Qwene, and kydded hyr, and also of all hyr noble Company, and went to hys Horse, on whom he did lepe, withont puttynge the Fowt within the Sterrop. And the said Horse was a right fayr Courser, and incontynent the King sporred, follow who myght. He was arayd of a Jakette of blak Velvett borded of the Selfe, and the Lists of the said Bordeur wer of cramsyn Veluyt, fourred with whytt.

The Erle of Surrey, acompayned of many Lordes, Knyghts, and others, folowed after, the wiche when the Kinge knew, he torned schortly, barre heded, and cam toward th’ Erle. And they rode a lityyl togeder in Spekynge, and after th’ Erle tuke Licence of hym, and retorned ageyn.

Collectanea by John Leland. The VIth Day of the sayd Monneth [6th August 1503] that was the Sonday, the Qwene was conveyd in fayr Ordre, and Company of her Lordes, Knyghts, Ladyes, Gentylmen, and Gentylwomen to Masse, unto the Chappelle of the said Castell. Ther sche was acompayned of the Lady of the said Place in a Gowne of Cloth of Gold eged with Letyces, Ermynes, and hyr Gentylwomen arayde after the Gyle of the Countrey. And ther was a Sermon of one of the Qbservance.

After the Masse she was conveyd ageyn into hyr Chammer in the Manere before said, wher she satt at Dinner, and beneath the Table, at the lowest Place, the said Lady of the said Place, and the [his wife] Countesse of Surrey (age 26) with hyr. An other Table was full of Ladies, and lastynge the said Dinner they blew Trompetts, Mynstrells, and Sakeboutts.

After the Dinner, incontynent the Mynstrells of the Chamraer begon to play, and then daunced the Qwene and the Countesse of Surrey, the Vicountesse Lille, and the Daughter of the said Place. And thys doon, they past the Tyme at Games, and in commonyng.

The sam Day at the Houre of Soupper, cam the Kinge, as the Custome precedente, acompayned of the Lords of the Day precedente, and others, to the Nombre of XL Horfys, he being mounted upon a Mewlle. When he entred within the Chammer of the said Qwene, that knewe of his commyng, they kyssed togeder without sparing Cortasy, and to the Ladyes gaffe Salutes. And after, they went asyd in commonyng, to the Tyme that all Thyngs war rady for the Soupper.

Incontynent they watched their Haunds, and satt in the Manere before, allwayes served of the Gentylmen of the Qwene. Ther soupped with them the Byschop of Morrey (age 38), the Erle (age 60) and Countesse of Surrey, the Lady of the said Place, and the Lady Nevill.

After Soupper the Minstrells played, and the Qwene daunced, and after the Kynge tuke Licence, and went to Edenbourgh. He had on a demy Gowne of blak Velvett fourred with Marten, and the Remanent of his Arayment all black.

Collectanea by John Leland. The VIIth Day of the Monneth [7th August 1503] in the Morninge, the Kynge sent to the Qwene new Pallefrays, all appoynted after their Guise. And at the Hour acoustumed, she departed from the said Dacquick nobly acompayned, and in fayr Aray and Ordre, as before is many Tymes said: The Qwene was placed in her Litere, varey rychly enorned, and had on a ryche Gowne of Cloth of Gold, with a Pursill of black Velvet, and a rich Coller of Perle and Stone.

The Lords, as well Spiritualis as Temporalis, Knyghts, and Gentylmen, wer varey rychely appoynted, the most Parte in Gownes of cramfyn Velvett. The Lord Grays Hors was hussed, the said Husse maid by Cantons of cramsyn Velvett. Those of others wer of Thred of Gold broched, and others had Ermynes, abouff all sawen of Orsavery. The other yong Gentylmen wer apointed after the Manere of the Ysshew of Barrwyk.

After the Quene (age 13) was conveyd hyr Pallefrey of Honnor by Syr Thomas Worteley (age 70). Also hyr Ladyes and Gentylwomen war varey rychely apoynted and monted, that it was a fayr Syght. After them cam the Char, and after that other Gentylwomen. The Company was in fayr Ordre, as at other Tymes before.

A Mylle from Dacquick the Kynge sent to the Qwene, by a Gentylman, a grett tame Hart for to have a Corse; bot because the Kynge was ny, the Erle of Surrey (age 60) answerd, that the said Hert should be brought ageyn toward the Kynge, that they myght both be at the said Course, and so it was doon.

Half of the Way, the Kyng cam to mett hyr monted apon a Bay Horse, rennynge as he wolde renne after the Hayre, acompayned of many Gentylmen. The said Horse was trapped in a demy Trappure of Cloth of Gold. Apon the Neck was a Frange of Thred of Gold. The Sadle and the Harnays wer of that sam, except the Harnayes of the Hed, that was of Sylver, and gylt. Grett Boutons with Lupps of Thred of Gold, as well to the said Trappure, as to the Brydle. Hys Sterrops gylt.

The Kynge ware a Jakett lyke to the Trappure. The Lystes of the said Bordeur wer of Pourple Velvett fourred with fyne blak Bougy, his Doublet of Violet Sattin, his Hossys of Scarlatt, hys Schert bounde abouffe of fyn Pierrery iand Perles, hys Spourrys gylt and long. At the Commyng towardes the Qwene he maid hyr varey humble Obeyssannce in lepynge downe of hys Horse, and kyssed hyr in hyr Litere. This doon, he monted ageyn, and ychon being put in Ordre as before, a Gentylman Husscher bare the Swerde before hym. The said Swerde covered with a Scabard of Pourple Velvett, wich was written apon with Perles, God my Deffende. The lyke on the Pommell, and the Crosse, with the Chap also.

After hym cam th Archbyschop of Glasco, the Bishop of Morrey (age 38), and the Erle Bothwell (age 51), acompayned of many Gentylmen, and honnest Personnes. The said Erle bare the Swerde at the Entreng of the Towne of Edenbourgh, and had on a long Gowne of blak Velvett fourred with Marten.

The Kynge beynge allwayes ny to the Qwene in devysing with her, ther cam a Gentylman that bronght hym a Courser, his Harnays of Cloth of Gold, and of cramsyn Velvett interlassed all about of whytt and red. Apon the Horse was a Page in a Jakett of blew Damaske, upon the wiche Horse the Kyng monted, with out puttynge the Foot within the Sterrop, in the Presence of them all. After he caused the said Gentylman to monte behinde hym, for to assay iff his Courfer wolde berr byhynd or not.

Bot because that he was not drest, he cam downe of his said Horse, and monted upon the Pallefroy of the said Qwene, and the saide Quene behinde hym, and so rode thorow the said Towne of Edenburgh.

Ny thereby was in Ordre the Lord Hamylton (age 28), Cozyn of the saide Kynge, with many other Lords, Knyghts, and Gentylmen, to the Nombre of two hundreth Horsys well apoynted. Sum in Jaketts of Cloth of Golde, of Velvetty and of Damaske, figured of Golde, and of many Colours. In lyke wys others wer in Jakets of Chamlett, and many of thos wore varey good Chaynnes.

And by hym rode the Master of hys Horse, named Companes Gascon, varey well appoynted, conveying seyve yong Gentylmen of Honor, arayd of Jaketts half parted of Cloth of Gold figured, and of blew Velvett, monted upon Coursers, and others honnestly appoynted.

The Company abouffe said wer commaunded by the Kynge, that they schould not goe before, bot only in the Company of the sayd Qwene, that it might be seen that shee was well acompayned, and rychly.

Halfe a Mylle ny to that, within a Medewe, was a Pavillon, wherof cam owt a Knyght on Horsbak, armed at all Peces, havyng hys Lady Paramour that barre his Horne. And by Avantur, ther cam an other also armed, that cam to hym, and robbed from hym hys sayd Lady, and at the absenting blew the said Horne, wherby the said Knyght understude hym, and tourned after hym, and said to hym, wherfor hast thou this doon? He answerd hym, what will you, say therto? — I say, that I will pryve apon thee, that thou hast doon Owtrage to me. The tother demaunded hym if he was armed? He said ye, well then, said th’other, preve the a Man, and doo thy Devoir.

In such Manere they departed, and went to take their Sperys, and renne without stryking of the same. After the Course they retourned with their Swerdes in their Haunds, and maid a varey fayr Torney: And the Caller caused the Swerd for to fall of the Defender. Notwithstanding, the Caller caused to gyfte hym ageyn his Swerd, and begon ageyn the said Torney of more fayre Manere; and they did well ther Devor, tyll that the Kynge cam hymselfe, the Qwene behynd hym, crying Paix, and caused them for to be departed. After this the King called them before hym, and demaunded them the Cause of ther Difference. The Caller sayd, Syre, he hath taken from me my Lady Paramour, whereof I was insurte of hyr by Faith. The defender answered, Syre, I schall defend me ageynst hym apon thys Cas: Then sayd the Kynge to the sayd Defender, brynge youre Frends, and ye schall be appoynted a Day for to agre you. Wheroff they thaunked hym, and so every Men departed them for to drawe toward the said Towne. The Names of thos war Sir Patryk Hamilton, Brother of the said Lord abouffe said, and Patryk Synklar, Esquyre; and ther was com grett Multitude of People for to se thys.

Half a Mylle from thens was the said Hert, the wich the Kynge caused to be losed, and put a Greyhond after hym that maid a fayr Course; bot the said Hert wanne the Towne, and went to hys Repayre.

Ther war many honest People of the Town, and of the Countre aboute, honnestly arayd all on Horsbak, and so by Ordre the King and the Qwene entred within the said Towne. At the Entrynue or that same cam in Processyon the Grey Freres, with the Crosse and sum Relicks, the wich was presented by the Warden to the Kynge for to kysse, bot he wold not before the Qwene; and he had hys Hed barre during the Ceremonies.

TheMynstrells, Johannes, and hys Company. and the Trompetts, war as well of the one Syd as of the other; bot thos of Scotlaund had no new Baneres: And did the Devor at the said Entryng Officers of Armes of Inglaund; and non at Scotlaund. Sergents of Masses, &c. ychon, by Ordre.

A lityll more fourther cam also in Processyon the Jocobins, revested the most Chyst and Principali of them, with many Reiicks; wherof some of thos war by the Prior gyffen to kysse, in lyke wys; wherof the K. did as before.

At the Entryng of the said Towne was maid a Yatt of Wood painted with Two Towrells, and a Windowe in the Midds. In the wich Towrells was, at the Windowes, revested Angelis syngyng joyously for the Comynge of so noble a Lady; and at the sayd middie Windowe was in lyk wys an Angeli presenting the Kees to the said Qwene.

Within the Towne ny to the said Yatt came in Processyon the College of the Perysche of Seint Gilles, rychly revested, with the Arme of that Seint; the wiche was presented to the Kynge for to kysse; wherof he did as before, and began to synge Te Deum Laudamus.

In the Mydds of the Towne was a Crosse, new painted, and ny to that same a Fontayne, cassynge forth of Wyn, and ychon drank that wold.

Ny to that Crosse was a Scarfawst maid, wher was represented Paris and the Thre Deessys, with Mercure, that gaffe hym th Apyll of Gold, for to gyffe to the most fayre of the Thre, wiche he gave to Venus.

In the Scarfsawst was represented also the Salutacion of Gabriell to the Virgyne, in sayinge Ave gratia, and sens after, the Sollempnizacion of the varey Maryage betwix the said Vierge and Joseph.

More fourther was of new maid One other Yatt, apon the wiche was in Sieges the IIIJ Vertuz. Theys is to weyct. Justice, holdynge in hyr right Hannde a Swerde all naked, and in the t'other a Pair of Ballaunces, and she had under hyr Feet the Kyng Nero: Force, armed, holdyng in hyr Haund a Shafte, and under hyr Feete was Holofernes, all armed: Temperance, holdyng in hyr Hannd a Bitt of an Horse, and under hyr Feete was Epicurus: Prudence, holdynge in hyr Haunde a Syerge, and under hyr Sardenapalus. With thos war Tabretts that playd merrily, whill the noble Company past thorough. Under was a Licorne [Unicorn] and a Greyhound, that held a Difference of one Chardon [thistle] florysched, and a Red Rose entrelassed.

Then the noble Company passed out of the Towne, to the Church of the Holy Crosse [Map]¹; out of wich cam the Archbischop of Sannt Andrew (age 27), Brother to the said Kynge, his Crosse borne before hym, acompanyed of the Reverend Fathers in God the Byschop of Aberdeen Lord Privy Seal of Scotland, the Byschops of Orkney, Cathness, Ross, Dunblane, and Dunkeld, and many Abbotts, all in their Pontificalis, with the Religious and Chanoynes richly revested, preceded by theyr Crosse. The said Archi Byschop then gave the King a Relik for to kysse, bot he dyd as hee had doon before.

After thys doon, ychon lept off hys Horse, and in fayr Ordre went after the Processyon to the Church, and in the Entryng of that sam the Kyng and the Qwene light downe, and after he take the said Qwene by the Body, doynge humble Reverence, and led hyr to the grett Awter, wher was a Place ordonned for them to knele apon two Cuschyons of Cloth of Gold, the Lord Chammerlayn of the said Qwene excersyng hys Office as before.

But the Kynge wold never knell downe furst, bot both togeder: And by the said ArchByschop was giffen hym to kysse a rich Crosse, wheroff he did as before, without Offrynge and at the Entring of the said Quere, the Chappelle of the said Kinge, and others, begon Te Deum, &c.

After all Reverences doon at the Church, in Ordre as before, the King transported himself to the Pallais, thorough the Clostre, holdynge allwayes the Qwene by the Body, and hys Hed barre, tyll he had brought hyr within her Chammer.

In the said Church war the Lordes the Erle of Hontely, the Erle of Errol (age 54) Constable of Scotland, the Erle Mariscall of Scotland, the Erle of Argyle (age 54) Steward of the Hows, the Erle of Lennos Chammerlayne in the Absence of the Conte of Cathness, the Erle of Minster, and the Erle Morton, acompayned of many Lordes, Knyghts, and Gentylmen, well arayd. The wich maid Reverence to the Qwene, and she to them.

The Kynge went from thens to the grett Chammer, wher was many Ladies of grett Name, Wyffes to divers of the sayd Lordes, and others, acompayned of many Gentylmen and Gentylwomen, arayd varey nobly after ther Gyse. At the Entrynge the said Chambre, the Kyng let go the Qwene till she had kyssed all the sayd Ladies and ther Company; and the Byschop of Morrey went with her, sewinge her the Names of them. After she had kyssed them all, the Kyng kyssed her for hyr Labor: And so tuke hyr ageyn, with low Cortesay and barr Hed, and brought hyr to hyr Second Chammer, and kyssed her ageyn; taking his Leve right humble he drew toward hys Lodgynge for them appoynted.

The Towne of Edenbourgh was in many Places haunged with Tappissery, the Howses and Wyndowes war full of Lordes, Ladyes, Gentylwomen, and Gentylmen, and in the Streytts war soe grett Multitude of People without Nombre, that it was a fayr Thynge to se. The wich People war varey glad of the Commynge of the sayd Qwene: And in the Churches of the sayd Towne Bells range for Myrthe.

The sam Day the Kynge souped in hys Chammer, acompayned of many of the Parte of the said Qwene within hyr awn. And after that, the Kynge went to see hyr, an daunced some basse Daunces. Thys doon, the Kynge toke hys Leve, and bad her goode Nyght joyously, and after the same to ychon also.

Note 1. a 'rood' is a medieval word for 'crucifix' or cross hence 'rood screen'. The Church of the Holy Cross in Edinburgh is Holyrood.

Collectanea by John Leland. The VIIIth Day of the said Monneth [8th August 1503] every Man apoynted hymselfe rychly, for the Honor of the noble Maryage. Bet twyx VIII and IX oth Clock everychon was rady, nobly apperyld; and the Ladyes abouffe said came rychly arayd, sum in Gownys of Cloth of Gold, the others of Cremsyn Velvet and Blak. Others of Satyn and of Tynsell, of Damaske, and of Chamlet of many Colours, Hoods, Chaynnes and Collers apon ther Neks, acompayned of ther Gentylwomen arayd honnestly after ther Gyle, for to hold Company to the sayd Qwene.

After cam the Byschop of Morrey (age 38), to fetche my Lordes th Archbyschop of York (age 54) and the Byschop of Durham; the wiche war varey honnestly arayd in ther Estat; as also the Erle of Surrey (age 60), who was rychely arayde in a longe Gowne of Clothe of Gold, with his ryche Coller of the Gartere, acompayned of many Lordes, as the Lords Gray, Latemer, Dacres, and Scrop, honourably arayd; with many noble Knyghts, as Syr Richard Poulle, Knyght of the Garter, rychly arayd in his Coller, Syr Davy Owen, waring a varey riche Channe, Syr William Conyars, arayd in a Gowne of Clothe of Goid, Syr Thomas Darcy in another, with riches Chaynnes, Syr John Huse, and many other Knyghts and Gentylmen rychly and honnestly arayd and in lyk wys waring goods Chainnes.

In that Mannere the said Lords war brought by the said Byschop of Morrey to the Kynge, the wiche was within his grett Chammer, apon hys Feet; and at the Commyng of the said Lordes maid Reverence to every Man, hys Bonnet allway in hys Haunde. The Kynge then caused them to sitt apon a Form before hym, agenst hymselfe, and desyred them to couver ther Heds. The said Archbyschop was placed at the Right Haund, and the Erle of Surrey at the Lefte Haund. The Kynge sit in a Chayre of Cramsyn Velvett, the Pannells of that sam gylte, under hys Cloth of Astat, of Blew Velvet fygured of Gold.

He was acompayned on his Right Haund by the Right Reverend Father in God the Archbishop of Saunt Andrew (age 27), hys Brother, and by ali the Prelats, as on the Day precedent, as likewise by the Prior of Saunt John, and many notables Personnes, as wel Ecclesiastiks as Seculers, all setting. On the Lefte Syde war the Lordes and Erles before named, with others grett Lordes, noble Knyghts, and Gentylmen, of the Two Partes. So that it was a noble Thynge to se the the sayd Chammer so nobly fournyshed. Ther war also the Officers of Armes of Inglaund in their Cotes, and non of Scotlaund for that sam Hour.

After Scylence maid, and everychon sit in Ordre, the Doftor Raulins, Doctor in Divynite, began the Preposicyon, who well and wisely, and with good Maner, demeanyd him in hys Utteraunce of the same, and at every Worde requysitt made honorable Reverence. Thys doon, the Kyng comaunded Maister Doctor Moreched, hvs Secretary, to gyffe short Answar. The wiche Thynge he did varey reverently, in bryeff Conclusyon.

After thos Preposicyons doon, every Man dyd Reverence to the Kyng, as did the said Kyng lyke wys to them in his drawynged into hys awn Chammer. And then the said Archbyschop hys Brother, and the Byschop of Abberdeen conveyed the beforesaid Lords and Company ageyn to the Lodgynge of the Qwene.

A lytyll after, the Qwene was by the said Lords and Company brought from her Chammer to the Church, cronned with a varey ryche Cronne of Gold garnished with Pierrery and Perles. Sche was led on the Right Hand by th Archbyschop of York, and on the Left Hand by the Erle of Surrey. Hyr Trayne was born by the [his wife] Contesse of Surrey (age 26), a Gentylman Huscher helpyng hyr. The said Qwene was nobiy acompeyned with her Ladyes rychly arayd; that is to weytt, the said Contesse of Surrey arayd in a rych Robbe, of Cloth of Gold; the Two Ladyes Nevill, the Lady Liile, the Lady Stanneley, and the Lady Guiileford, in riche Apparell; and all the others followynge had ryche Collers and Channes apon ther neks; and good Juells. It was ordonned by the said Erle of Surrey, That Two of the grettest Ladyes of Ingland goinge togeders shold take with thaim Two of the grettest Ladyes of Scotland, and so all Foure to go togeder on a Row: And so sewingly alwais Two of the best Ladyes and Gentylwomen of Ingland and Two of Scotland to goe togeder as before, wher they had rome so to do: And thus they dede dayly.

Thus the fayde Qwene was conveyde to the sayde Churche [Map], and placed neere to the Font; Maistresse Denton, hyr Maistresse, being allwayes ny hyr; and ali hyr noble Company standing in Ordre on the Left Syd of the Churche. Incontynent cam the Right Reverend Father in God my Lord th Archbyschop of Glasco, acompayned with the Prelats, ali in Pontificalis, and other notables Folks of the Churche.

Then the Kynge was brought by a varey fayre Company, consisting of hys said Brother and of the Lordes abouffe said, hys Steward, Chammerlayn, the Constable, and the Marischall, with all their Staffs of their Offices, and other Nobles, Knyghts, Squyers, and Gentylmen, richely and honnestly arayd and with good Chaynnes. The Lord of Hamylton barre his Swerde before hym. His Officers of Armes war in their Cotts, and all his Nobles Rode in Ordre on the Right Syd of the Church.

Then the Kyng commyn neere to the Qwene, maid Reverence, and she to hym varey humbly. The Kyng was in a Gowne of Whit Damaske, figured with Gold and lynned with Sarfenet. He had on a Jakette with Slyffs of Cramsyn Satyn, the Lists of Blak Velvett, under that sam a Dowblet of Cioth of Gold, and a Payre of Scarlatte Hosys. Hys Shurt broded with Thred of Gold, hys Bonnet Blak, with a ryche Balay, and hys Swerd about hym.

The Qwene was arayd in a rich Robbe, lyke Hymselfe, borded of Cramsyn Velvet, and lyned of the self. Sche had a varey riche Coiler of Gold, of Pyerrery and Perles, ronnd her Neck, and the Cronne apon hyr Hed: Her Hayre hangyng. Betwyx the said Cronne and the Hayres was a varey riche Coyfe hangyng downe behynde the whole Length of the Body.

Then the noble Maryage was performed by the said Arch Byschop of Glasco; and th’ Arch Byschop of York, in Presence of ali, red the Bulles of our Holly Father the Pope of Rom, consentynge thereto.

Thys doon, the Trompetts blew for Joy; and the King, being bareheded and holdyng her by the Ryght Haund, was conveyd through the said Company to the Hygh Awter. Before the wich was drest a Place for them Two to knell apon ryches Cuschyns of Cloth of Gold. But this the Kyng wold never doe, previously paying her the most grett Humilitie and Reverence, as possible might be. After ther Oraysons doon, and lastyng the Letany, wich was songe and said by the Arch Byschop, the Kynge withdrew himself to his Travers, of Blew and Red fraunged, wich stod on the Left Syde, and ther setted himself in a ryche Chayre. In such wys, the Qwene into her awne Travers of Black, wich was on the Right Side, and satt downe in a ryche Chayre also. The Letany ended, the sayd Arch Byschop beganne the Masse; and so they retourned into the Place wher they war before, abydynge there during the Tyme of the Masse.

At the Gospell they maid their Offryng, and before the Saunt Canon she was anoynted. After wich the Kynge gaffe hyr the Septre in hyr Haund. Then was songen Te Deum Laudamus, &c. and two Prelatts helde the Cloth apon them duryng the Remanent of the Masse. That and all the Ceremonyes accomplysched, ther was brought by the Lordes, Bred and Wyn in ryche Potts and ryche Cupps.

After the Collacyon, ychon was putt in Ordre according to his Birth. And the Kynge lydyng the Qwene, as before, conveyd hyr to hyr Chammer, and then departed from her, and went to hys Awne, where he helded Astat Royal for that Day.

Collectanea by John Leland. [8th August 1503] At Dynner the Qwene was served before the Kyng, with all th’ Onner that myght be doon, the Officers of Armes, and the Sergants at Armes, proceeding before the Meys. On that Day Syr John Villars was Sewar, Syr Davye Owen Kerver, and Syr Edward Stanneley Cupbarrer; and with hyr dynned the said Archbyschop of Glasco. The Chammer in wich she dined was rychly drest, and the Cloth of Estat wher she satt, was of Clothe of Golde varey riche.

At the furst Course, sche was served of a wyld Borres Hed gylt, within a fayr Platter, then with a fayr Pece of Brane, and in the thyrd Place with a Gambon, wich wer followed by divers other Dyshys, to the Nombre of XII, of many Sortes, in fayre and ryche Vesselle.

After this tbe Kyng was served in Vesselle gylt as the Qwene. Hys Panneters wer my Lord the Son of the Erle of Bothwells Brother, and my Lord Grayes Son; and his Cupberrer was the Lord of Hamylton. Th Archbyschops of Saunt Andrew (age 27) and of York (age 54), the Byschop of Durham, and the Erle of Surrey (age 60) dyned with hym. The Chammer was haunged of red and of blew, and in it was a Cyll of a State of Cloth of Gold; bot the King was not under for that sam Day. Ther wer also in the sam Chammer a riche Bed of Astat, and a riche Dressor after the Guyse of the Countre, and the Lord Grays the Father served the King with Water for to wash, and the Erle of Hunteley berred the Towaylle.

At the second Service, the Qwene was served very honorably of XL or L Meys. The Kyng was likewys served of many Vyaunds; after wich the Officers of Armes presented themfelves for to crye Largesse. Whereupon the Kinge comaunded Marchemont, Pryncipall Herauld — Goo ye, Cry toward the Qwene fyrst, that is to weytt, Largesse, To the high and mighty Princesse Margarete, by the Grace of God, Qwene of Scotlaund, and fyrst Daughter engendred of the varey hygh and varey mighty Prince Henry the VIJth, by that sam selfe Grace, Kynge of Inglaund. In the Largesse of the Gyft of the Kynge ther wer XL Crounes of lyght Gold. And because there was noe more then three Cotts of Armes of Inglaund, the Kyng wold not suffer more thenne thre of his awne.

The sam was cryed thre Tymes in the Kings Chammer, in the grett Chammer, that is ny, and in the Halle of the Kyng and of the Qwene; but he would not have his Largesse cryed, ne intituled, saying, that it souffysed [sufficed] to cry hers.

In the grett Chammer, ther satt the Ladyes of the sayd Qwene, togeder the other Ladyes of the Countrey. At the next Bord satt my Lord the Qwenes Chammerlayn, acompayned of many Nobles and Knyghts. In the thyrd satt other Ladyes and Gentylwomen. And the IIIJth was filled with Gentylmen, varey well served. The Hangynge of this Chamer represented the Ystory of Troy Towne, and in the Glassys Wyndowes wer the Armes of Scotland and of Inglaund byperted, with the Differences before sayd, to which, a Chardon [thistle], and a Rosse interlassed thorough a Crowne was added.

The Kings grett Chammer had one Table, wher was satt hys Chammerlayn, the grett Sqyer, and many others, well served, the wich Chammer was haunged about with the Story of Hercules, togeder with other Ystorys.

In the Kings Hall war thre Rowes of Tables, and one abouff in the Front, wher was satt the Prelatts, and conseqwantly the grett Lordes, Nobles, Knyghts, Squyers, Gentylmen, and other honorable Personnes, at double Dynner. This sam Chammer was haunged of th Ystory of the old Troy. Six grett Syerges of Wax wer haunged in the same Halle for to lyght at Even, and there was a riche Dressor, and welle served.

In the Hall wher the Qwene’s Company wer satt in lyke as in the other, and wich was haunged of the Hislory of Hercules, wer old Syerges, for to lyght at Even, a ryche Dressor, good Chere, and good Wyn.

The Trompetts as well of the Kynge as of the Qwene, theyr Mynstrells of many Sortes, and Johannes and his Company dyd their Devoir for that Day, as well in the Mornynge, as at the Dynnar, and after at the Soupper, and also on the Dayes followwyng.

After Dynnar the Mynstrells played, and the Kynge and the Qwene, the Ladyes, Knyghts, Gentylmen, and Gentylwornen daunced; also some good bodys maid Games of Passe Passe, and dyd varey well.

At the Hour of Even Songe, the Kynge acompayned of hys Noblesse, and those of the Qwene, but without hyr, war conveyd to the Churche, wher the Abbot of the Place did the Service. When they retourned agayn, they wer served as at the Dinner, bott the Qwene the furst, and the Personnages abouffe sayd ageyn held ther Places. The King, before that he satt down, sent hys Gowne of Marriage to the Officers of Armes of Englaunde, and put on another of blak Velvet, long and fourred of Martens, the wich Robbe Somerset Herauld acompayned of his Companions, bore the next Day in Court, and for the wich they thanked the Kynge.

After the Soupper, the Nyght approched therefor ychon withdrew hym to his Lodgyng for to take hys Rest, and the Kinge had the Quene (age 13) aparte, and they went togeder. God by his Grace will hold them in long Prosperitye. At Even grett Numbre of Fyers wer maid thorough the Towne of Edenbowrgh.

Collectanea by John Leland. The IXth Day of the Monneth [9th August 1503] everie Lord, Knyght, Ladye, and Gentylwoman cam to the Pallais. Toward X^en of the Clok, the Kyng went his Way to Masse in the grett Church, acompayned of his Lordes and Nobles as the Day before; and was arayd of a riche Robbe of Cloth of Gold faurred of fyne blak Bougye, his Doublett of cramsyn Satyn, blak Hosys couved abouff, of Cloth of Gold, a blak Bonnet, a Saunt George of Gold, apon the Dragon a Ruby, a cramsyn Hat, a Payre of gold Beads haungyng to his Gyrdle, to the Nombre of XIIJ more or lesse, and a Dagar before him. The Lord of Honteley bar the Swerde before him, an I Hussher of his Chammer bore his Train, hys Maister d'Hostell, his Chamberlayn, his Constable, the Marshall, and the Officers of Armes and the Trumpets went before him after the Custome of the Countre.

The Masse being doon by hys Chappelle, and one of the Religyous, he retourned ageyn. Duryng the Masse the Erle of Surrey (age 60) and his Company cam to convey him, for the wich Kindnesses he at the Retornynge tuke him by the Armes, tyll he cam into his Chamber.

Hys Dinnar was brought and served in Silver Vessels by the Officers and Personnaiges in suche Manere as the Day before. After Dynnar a young Man, an Italyen, playedj before the King on a Corde varey well. Ny to him at the Windows wer my Lord of York (age 54), the Erle of Surrey, the ArchByschop of Saunt Andrew (age 27), the Byschop of Durham and many other Lords. The Ladyes, acompayned of Lordes and Knyghts, wer at the Windows toward the Qwenes Qvarters. And after the Game was doon, they begon to daunce. Touchynge the Qwene I say nothinge, for that sam Day I saw her not, bot I undendond that sche was in good Helth and Mere.

As for the Soupper, notwithstanding it was Fastyng Day, Baunketts of many Metts war not forgotten; after wich every Man drew to his Lodgynge. That Even the Qwene delivered hyr Robbe of Maryage to the Officers of Scotlaund the wiche the next Day followyng Marchmont Herawld barred in Cowrt in Escharpe, he and hys Companyons thaunking the King and Qwene therfor. But on the Morow she gaffe them the Somme of XL Nobles for Largesse, and they brought ageyn the said Robbe into the Warderobe ot the sayd Qwene, as she desyred in hyr Recompensing.

Collectanea by John Leland. The Xth Day of the sayd Moneth [10th August 1503], being Saunt Lawrens Day, the Qwene was led to the Hyghe Churche, acompayned of hyr noble Trayn, and of the Ladyes of the Countre honnestly appoynted. The said Qwene was varey well delibered, and arayd of a nche Robbe of Cloth of Gold with a ryche Coller, and was put within hyr Courtayne, of red, blew, and grene. Before hyr was prepared an Awter rychely enorned with vary ryches Ymaiges.

After hyr cam the Kynge, varey honnestly acompayned of hys Lords, varey noble arrayed as in the Dayes before. The Officers of Armes, the Sergents at Maces, and the Trompetts wer in fayr Ordre, the Lord Honteley berrynge the Swerde. The Kynge was arayd of a Gowne of cramsyn fygured Velvett fourred of Yenetts, a Dowblett of blak Satyn, Hosys of Scarlatte, the Bonnett of the Day before, and hys Beerde kyted of Shers. Whan he was arrived within hys Cortyne, he maid humble Reverence to the Qwene, and so sche did in lyke wys to hym. Incontynent the Masse begon to be synge by one of the Religyous of the Place, and by the Syngers. At the Offring the King and Qwene both offred togeder.

The Masse doon, the Kynge, for the Luffe of the present Qwene and hyr Ladyes, did make XLI [41] Knyghts. After the Othe sworne and taken, the Erle Bothweil chaussed them the gylt Spourreys, and the Kynge gaffe them the Stroke of his Swerde, wich was born before hym. This doon, he sayed to the Qwene, and Lady — These are your Knyghts, and taking hyr by the Haund, led hyr to the Doore of hyr Chammer, when they war well and honnestly served, as was also all the Felischyp with Plenty of Ypocras.

After the Dynnar begon, Jousts war apoynted in the basse Courte before the Wyndowes. The Place was without Barreres, and only the Tyllt. The Challengers war my Lord of Kylmars, and my Lord Treithoun. Ther Aids wer Syr Alexandre Seytoun, the Maister of Mewgumery, Syr Patryk Hamylton, and Syr John of Treytom, to all the Comers duryng the Jousts.

The Deffenders for that Day wer my Lord of Hamilton, Cosin of the Kynge, dressed in red Satyn, my Lord Roos, Syre Davy Hume, William of Cokbwrn of Langtown, Patryck Synklars, in Jackets borded of blak Velvett, and Henry Brws. Ychon of them tuke a Corse of a Spere, and a Swerde with the Poynte broken, sum brak Speres, the others not. At the Wyndowes was the Kynge acompayned of th Archebyschops of Saunt Andrew (age 27) and York (age 54), and of the Byshop of Durham, and of other Prelatts, the said Wyndows being well apoynted. The Qwene was at the Windowes of hyr grett Chammer, acompayned of hyr Ladyes, and of the others of the Reyme, with my Lord hyr chyf Chamberlaine. The said Wyndowes wer arayd in like wise, and more rychly. Ageynst them was a Scarfawld, wheron was my Lord of Surrey (age 60), and the Erle Bothweil only; my Lord Morley the Constable, the Officers of Armes, and many other Officers and Trompetts stood by the Feild.

After the Courses and Tornay, the Kyng and the Qwene went to Soupper, the wiche war varey well served, according to the Custome of the Dayes before, and after that daunced, and then every Men went to hys Lodgyng.

The sam Day my Lord Archbyshop of Yorke, the Byschop of Durham, and many others tuked Licence of the Kinge and of the Qwene, and departed the next Morning.

Collectanea by John Leland. The XIIIth Day of the said Monneth [13th August 1503], being Sonday, the Qwene was led to the Churche acompayned by the Prelats, the Erle of Surrey (age 60), the Lord Chamberlayne, and the Ladyes rychely arayd. She was arayed in a Gowne of Porple fygured Velvert, brothed of Thred of Gold fourred with Ermynes, a grett Rebras beneath, and had on a ryche Coller of Pyerrery, and a ryche Gyrdle. The Lady Surrey bar her Trayn, assisted by Syre John Hume.

After hyr cam the Kynge, in the Manere of the Dayes before said, arayd in a Gowne of Cloth of Gold, rychly fourred of Mertes, a Doublett of cramsyn Satyn sawted, and within doubled of Cloth of Gold. To hys Bonnett hung a ryche Bagge, and hys Churte was borderd of fyne Pierrery and Pearles. When he arryved at his Cortyne, he maid an humble Cortaisy to the Qwene, as she also did to hym.

At the Offrvnge wer assembled three noble Lords to be maid Erles in the Qwenes Presence, and when the Masse was done, they wer presented to the King by Marchmont, Herawld. Fyrft, they promysed to hold ther Othes, and then the Kinge gyrdled them with the Swerd abouffe their Schoulder, and gaffe them their Lordschips to them and to their Heires.

Then Merchemont, Herauld, togeder with his Companlons, cryed Largesse in the self Place, and fyrst Largesse.

Jamys Darene, Lord of Hamylton, Baron, Banereit, and Lord of Parlement.

2dly. Largesse. William Conte de Montros, Lord of Granne, Baron, Banerett, and Lord of Parlement.

3dly. Largesse. Cuthberd Conte de Glencarne, Lord de Kyirharres, Baron, Banerett, and Lord of Pariement.

After this doone, the Kynge tuke the Qwene, and layd hyr to the Company, but for Cause that it renned, she passed thorough the Kings Chamber for to go in hyr awne, and all the Ladyes war served. The Erle of Surrey and other Lords dynned with him. After Dynnar, a Moralite was played by the said Master Inglish and hys Companyons, in the Presence of the Kyng and Qwene, and then Daunces war daunced.

At the Hour customed the Kyng and the Company beforesaid went to Even Song, and sum Knights, to the Nombre of XXVI, should have been maid bot for that; that the Qwene was not there, they wer put off to the next Day for the Luffe of hyr.

The Even Song sayd, the King was brought ageyn into his Chambre, and was served at the Soupper. And that doon, every Man went his Way.

Collectanea by John Leland. [10th May 1509] First there came rydinge throughe the Cittie of Lon don the Swerdebearer of London, and the Vice-Chamberleyne of the same, with Twoe of the Masters of the Brugehowse, to sett the Crafts in theire Order and Arraye. Then came Rydinge the Kyngs Messengers, twoe and twoe, with theire Boxes on theire Brests. Then the Kyngs Trumpeters; and after them the Kyngs still Minstrells. Then the Florentines, the Venetians, the Portingalls, the Spaniards, the Frenchmen, the Esterlings, the Gentlemen Ushers, the Kyngs Chapleyns havinge no Dignitye. The Squyers for the Boddie. The Aldermen of London. The Shreves, havinge in theire Hands Twoe Whyte Roddes. Then came there rydinge Twoe Herauds of Armes, in Twoe Cote Armurs; and after them came rydinge a noble Knyght, Mourner, uppon a goodlie Courser, trapped with Black Velvet, bearinge the Kyngs Stonderd, whose Name is Sir Edward Darrell (age 43); after whome came Knights. Then came the Chapleyns of Dignitie, as Deanes and suche other. Then the Kyng’s Counsell, and Knights of the Garter beinge no Lords. Then the Chiefe Justice of the Common Place, and the Chiefe Baron of the Kyngs Exchequer: Then the Chiefe Justice of the Kings Bench, and the Master of the Rolles. Then came the Crowched Fryers on Foote, and all the Foure Orders of Fryers followinge, singinge. Then the Chanons of ali the Places in London, in like wisse singinge. Then the Kyngs Chappell, in theire Surpleses and Grey Ameses, singinge. Then came rydinge all the Temporall Lords and Barrons, on the Left Hand; and all Abbotts and Bishopps, on the Right Hand. Then rode Sir Davie Owen (age 50), bearinge an Helmet of Steele, crowned with a rich Crowne of Golde. Then rode Sir [his son] Edward Howard (age 33), the Second Sonne of the Erle of Surrey (age 66), Treasorer of England, armed complete, with the Kyngs Harnes, his Face discovered, bearinge in his Hand the Kings Battel Axe, the Heade downewarde, restnge on his Foote. Then followed him a Knyght called Sir Thomas Fyes, bearinge a riche Armour, embrodered with the Armes of England. Then came the Maior of London ymediately before the Charett, bearinge his Mace in his Hand. Then came the Charett wherein the Kyngs Corps lay. Upon the which lay a Picture resemblinge his Person crowned and richly apparreled in his Parliament Roobe, bearinge in his Right Hand a Scepter, and in his Left Hand a Ball of Golde, over whome there was hanginge a riche Cloth of Golde pitched upon Fowre Staves, which were sett at the Fowre Corners of the saide Charett, wich Charett was drawen with Seaven great Coursers, trapped in Black Velvett, with the Armes of England on everie Courser set on bothe Sydes, and on every Side of everie Courer, a Knight goinge on Foote, bearing a Banner in his Hand; and at everie Corner of the saide Charett a Baron goinge on Foote, bearing a Banner, in like Manner; wich IIIJ^or Banners were the Kyngs Avowries; whereof the First was of the Trinitie, the Second of our Ladie, the Third of St. George, the fourth of .... And in the said Charett there were sittinge Twoe Gentlemen. Usshers of the Kyngs Chamber, One at the Heade of the Kynge and the other at the Feete, mourninge. Then followed the said Charett the Duke of Buckingham (age 31), the Earle of Arondell (age 59), the Earle of Northumberland (age 31), the Earle of Shrewsberie (age 41), the Earle of Surrey, the Earle of Essex, and other, to the Nomber of Nyne, beinge Knyghts of the Garter, in a Range one after another, as they were in Degree. Then followed them IX of the Kyngs Henchemen, ridinge on goodlie Coursers, trapped in Black Velvett, of the wich the three foremost did beare three Capps of Maintenances, wich three Popes had sent the Kynge duringe the Tyme of his Raigne. The next three Henchmen did beare three riche Swordes the Points downward, the seaventh bare a Target of the Armes of England, otherwise called a Sheild crowned, the eight bare an Helmet with a Lyon of Golde upon it. The IXth bare a Speare covered with Black Velvett. Then followed the Master of the Horses called Sir Thomas Brandon, leadinge in his Hande a goodlie Courser trapped with Black Velvett, richely embrodered with the Armes of England; whome followed the Lord Darcy (age 42), beinge Captayn of the Garde. After whome came the Garde, and many other Gentlemen. Then the worshipfull Men of the Crafts of London, which were appointed by theire Fellowship to set in the said Corps. Then Lords Servaunts followed, beinge a great Nomber.

Collectanea by John Leland. [11th May 1509] First there came Twoe Herauds in their Cotearmours unto the Duke of Buckingham (age 31), beinge Chiefe Mourner, kneelinge at the West End of the Herse, goinge before him, frome the Herse unto the Place where the Archeb. stoode to take the Offeringe; where he, representinge the Kyngs Person, offered a Testiament of Golde: Which done the said Herauds conveyed him againe to the Place he came frome. Then the said Herauds came in like Manner unto the Earle of Arondell (age 59) and unto the Earle of Northumberland (age 31), and conveyed them unto a Knight which stoode before the Herse, holdinge the Kyngs Cotearmoure. Of whom the said Herauds received the said Cotearmour, and delivered it to the said Twoe Earles; which solempnly bearinge the said Cotearmour betwene them offered it up unto the said Archeb. with great Reverence; the which he received and delivered unto a Bisshop, which delivered it over unto an Heraude standinge even by them on the South Side of the Church; which done the said Herauds conveyed the Twoe Earles againe unto theire Places. Then the said Herauds came in likewise unto the Earle of Shrewssberie (age 41) and unto the Earle of Surrey (age 66), and conveyed them unto a Knight which stoode before the said Herse, holdinge the Kyngs Sheild crowned; of whome the said Herauds received the said Shielde, and delivered it unto the said Earles; which solempnly bearinge it betwene them offered it in lyke Manner unto the ArcheBisshop; the which he received and delivered it to a Bisshop, by whome it was delivered unto an Heraude, there standinge on the South Syde beneath the other Herauds which helde the Cotearmour: And then the said Herauds conveyed the said Earles againe unto their Places. After this they went unto the Earle of Essex and to the Earle of Kent (age 28), and conveyed them unto a Knight holdinge a goodlie riche Sworde before the Herse, which the said Herauds received of the said Knyght and delivered unto the said Earles: And soe they holdinge the said Sworde betwene them, offered it up unto the ArcheBisshop in like Manner; which was also delivered unto an other Heraude standinge in Order beneath the other Twoe Herauds which helde the Cotearmour and the Shielde. Which, done the said Herauds convey’d the said Twoe Earles into theire owne Places. And then the said Twoe Herauds came unto the Earle of Derbie (age 24) and unto the Earle of Arran (age 34), otherwise called the Scottishe Lorde, which in like Manner conveyed them unto a Knight holdinge the Kings Helmett crowned, to whome was made like deliverie; which they offered in like Manner, and was delivered to another Heraude, and they conveyed unto theire owne Places againe. After this there came ryding the Second Son of th Earle of Surrey, called Sir [his son] Edward Howarde (age 33), armed in complete Harnes (his Helmet except) upon a goodlie Courser, trapped in Black Velvet, with the Armes of England embrothered upon the same, which rode unto the Railes of the said Herse, where he did alight; whome the said Herauds incontinent received; whose Horse was ymediatly delivered unto a Servant of the Abbotts of Westminfter. And the said Knight going betwene the Earle of Essex and the Earle of Kent was presented unto the Archebisshop: Which done, the said Knight was conveyed by Twoe Monkes of the said Abbey into the Revestrie, where he was unarmed, and the said Two Earles again conveyed into theire owne Places. And afrer the said Knight came in a Black Gowne, and offered amonge the other Knights. This done the said Two Herauds came againe unto the Duke of Buck. goinge before him to the Archebishop, where he offered againe for himselfe. After whome the other Earles offered in theire Order. Then came the Bisshops and Abbotts, and offered in theire Order; the Bisshops goinge unto the Alter, and there makinge theire Offeringe, and the Abbotts goinge unto the Archeb. kissinge his Hande, and takinge his Blessinge. After whome came the Lords and Barrons, makinge their Offeringe everie Man in Degree. And in the meane while Twoe Herauds came againe unto the said Duke of Buck. and to the Earles, and conveyed them into the Revestrie, where they did receive certen Palles, which everie of them did bringe solempnly betwene theire Hands, and comminge in Order one before another, as they were in Degree, unto the said Herse, they kissed theire said Palles, and delivered them unto the said Heraudes, which lalde them uppon the Kyngs Corps, in this Manner: The Palle which was first offered by the Duke of Buck. was laid on length on the said Corps, and the Residewe were laid acrosse, as thick as they might lie. Which Palles were offered in the Manner aforesaid, in Token of their Homage which they of Dutie ought to doe unto the Kinge. And after the saide Lords and Barrons had made theire Offeringe, then foliowed the Chapleins of Dignitie and the Grey Amezes of the Kinges Chappell, whome foliowed Knights and Gentlemen, everie Man in his Degree. After the which Offeringe and the said Masse ended, a Knight called Edmond Carewe (age 43) came unto the Second Stepp of the Highe Alter, bearinge in his Hand the Kings great Banner, which he offered up unto the Archebisshop, and Sir Edward Darrece (age 43) his Standerd. Which done, the Bisshop of London inade a noble Sermon. And after the said Sermon ended, incontinente the Archebisshopps, Bisshopps, and Abbotts went unto the Herse. At whose Coomminge the Palles and the iiij Banners of the Kings Avowries were carried away by Twoe Monks. Which done, the Picture was taken from the Herse, and borne unto Sr. Edwards Shrine, the Kyngs Chappell, singinge this Anthem, Circum dederunt me genitus mortis [The sorrows of death have compassed me, Psalm 17, 5-6]. And then the said Corps was incensed, and ali the Royal Ornaments taken fome the said Corps, soe that everie Man might see the said Corps cofferd in a Coffin of Bordes, which was covered over with Black Velvett, havinge a Crosse of Whyte Satten from the one End of the said Coffyn unto the other; within the which Coffiyn the verie Corps of the Kynge lay enclosed in Lead. Upon the which Lead was written, in great Lettres chafed, Hic jacet Rex Henricns Septimus [Here lies King Henry VII]. And soe the said Corps was laid into the Vaught with great reverence by the noble Queen Elizabeth his Wyfe; whome incontinent ali the Archebishops, Bisshops, and Abbotts settinge theire Crosses upon the said Corps assoiled, in most solempn Manner sayinge this Collett (Absolvimus). Which done the said Archebishop did cast Earth uppon the said Corps. And then my Lord Treasorer and my Loyd Steward did breake theire Staves, and did cast them into the Vaught; and the other Hed Officers did cast theire Staves in, all whole. Which done the Vaught was closed, and a goodlie riche Pall of Clothe of Golde laide upon the saide Herse. And incontinent ali the Herauds did of theire Cotearmour, and did hange them uppon the Rayles of the Herse; cryinge lamentably in French, The noble King Henry the Seaventh is deade. And as soone as they had so done, everie Heraud putt on his Cotearmour againe, and cryed with a loude Voyce, Vive le noble Roy Henry le VIIIth; which is to say in Englishe Tonge, God send the noble Kynge Henry the Eight longe Lyfe. Amen.

Letters and Papers Foreign and Domestic Henry VIII 1509. 11th June 1509 and 23 Jun 1509. Tib. E. VIII. f. 100b. B.M. 81. Preparations For The Coronation.

A "device for the manner and order of the Coronation" of Henry VIII, "rightful and undoubted inheritor of the crowns of England and of France," by the whole consent of the realm chosen and required to be King, and also of the Princess Catharine daughter of Spain and Aragonne, his wife, Queen of England and of France, to be solemnised at Westminster, on Sunday, 24 June, 1509.

The King has proclaimed that all who claim to do services on Coronation day shall be in the White Hall at Westminster Palace, 20 June next, and has authorised the Earl of Surrey (age 66), Treasurer of England, the [his future son-in-law] Earl of Oxford (age 9), Sir John Fyneux, Chief Judge, Sir Thomas Englefeld, and others to determine claims. He has ordered 26 honorable persons to repair to the Tower of London on 22 June, to serve him at dinner, where those who are to be made knights shall bear dishes "in token that that they shall never bear none after that day"; and on 23 June, at the Tower, they are to be made Knights of the Bath; "whose names follow in order as they were made," viz., Richard (sic) Radclyff Lord Fitzwater, the Lord Scroop of Bolton, the Lord Fitzhugh, the Lord Mountjoye, the Lord Dawbeney, the Lord Brooke, Sir Henry Clyfford, Sir Maurice Berkeley, Sir Thomas Knyvet, Sir Andrew Wyndesore, Sir Thomas Parr, Sir Thomas Boleyne, Sir Richard Wentworth, Sir Henry Owtrede, Sir Francis Cheyny, Sir Henry Wyotte, Sir George Hastynges, Sir Thomas Metham, Sir Thomas Bedyngfeld, Sir John Shelton (age 32), Sir Giles Alyngton, Sir John Trevanyon, Sir William Crowmer, Sir John Heydon, Sir Godarde Oxenbrige and Sir Henry Sacheverell.

Details follow at great length of the ceremonies to be performed, the decorations, dresses, &c., for each of the two days, the eve and day of the Coronation.

Letters and Papers Foreign and Domestic. 9th October 1514. Vitell. C. XVI., 243. B.M. 3348. Marriage of the French Queen (age 18).

Declaration by Louis XII (age 52). that he takes the Princess Mary [sister] of the King of England as his wife. Signed: Loys. Fr. Vellum, much injured by fire.

Leland's Coll. I., ii., p. 704.

2. [5482.] Names of the Englishmen which were sent in ambassade to the French King, before the Queen's landing, and other gentlemen in their company:—The Earl of Worcester, Lord Chamberlain; the Lord of St. John's, Tho. Docwra; and the Dean of Windsor, Doctor West, ambassadors. The Lord Herbert, son of the Earl of Worcester; Sir John Savage; Sir [blank]; Sir Christopher Garneys; Sir [blank]; Clarenceux King of Arms.

ii. The names of the Lords and other Noblemen of France being at the said marriage:—

The Duke of Valois and Bretagne, the Duke of Alençon, the son of the King Don Frederic of Naples, the Earl of Vendôme, the Duke of Longueville, the Prince de la Roche Suryon, the Duke of Albany, the Earl of St. Poll, the Earl of Guise, brother to the Duke of Lorraine, Louis Monsieur, brother to the Earl of Nevers, the Earl of Roussy, the Lord of Lautrec, the Earl of Sancerre, the Lord de Lespar, the Earl Manfroy, the Lord de la Palice, Grand Maistre de France, the Earl Galiace de Saint Severin, Grand Esquire, the Earl of Alexandrie, the Earl of Maleverer, Grand Seneschal of Normandy, le Sr. de Graville, Admiral, le Sr. de Monmorancy, Premier Baron Chamb., le Sr. de Testeville, le Sr. de la Tremoille, le Prince de Talmon, son fils, le Sr. de Piennes, Lieutenant de Picardie, le Sr. de Bouchaige Chambrelan, le Sr. de Dourriers, le Sr. de Chesnes, le Sr. Daubigny, le Vidame D'Amiens, le Sr. de Boysy, Monsieur de Bonyvet, le Vidame de Chartres, Monsieur de Fou, Monsieur de Cursoll, Monsieur de Wansay, Monsieur Louis D'Ars, le Sr. du Pont de Remy, les trois Generaux de France, viz., Normandie, Languedoie, Languedoc, Monsieur de Beaudiner, Mons. de Gynry, Mons. de Rouville, Grand Veneur, Mons. Denebatt, Cappne des Toilles, Monsieur de Boucheron.

Ibid, p. 701. 3. [5483.] "The names of the lords and gentlemen of England being at the marriage of the Right Excellent Princess the Lady Mary," showing the wages paid to each, all receiving 20 days' wages in hand:—The Duke of Norfolk (age 71), my [his wife] Lady his wife (age 37), the [his daughter] Countess of Oxford (age 17), and the Lord [his son] Edmund Howard (age 36), with 100 horses; the Marquis of Dorset (age 37), my Lady his wife (age 27), and the Lord Edward his brother, 80; the Lord Thomas Rowthall Bishop of Durham (age 42), 68, the [his son] Earl of Surrey (age 41), son and heir to the Duke of Norfolk, 58, the Lord Lawarre, 30, the Lord Berners, chamberlain to the French Queen, and the Lord Montaigle and my Lady his wife, 30; the Lord Richard Grey, the Lord John Grey, the Lord Leonard Grey, brethren to my Lord Marquis, each 20; Sir Nicholas Vaux, Sir David Owen, Sir Andrew Windsor, Sir John Husee, Sir John Peche and Sir Henry Wyot, bannerets; Sir Morice Berkeley, 20, Sir Wm. Sandes, 20, Sir John Hungerford, 12, Sir Robert Drury, Sir Tho. Botrym, 12, Sir Philipp Calthorp, Sir Thomas Clynton, Sir Robert Cotton, Sir John Heydon, Sir John Carre, Sir Edward Greville, Sir Will. Essex, Sir Philip-Tylney, Sir Nicholas Applyard, Sir Edward Bensted, Sir Will. Rows, and Sir John Wallop, knights; John Broughton, Rich. Weston, Giles Strangways, Tho. Cheyney, Ralph Chamberlain, Rich. Blont, Gerard Danet, and Robert Jonys, esquires; Garter Principal King of Arms, and his four servants; Thomas Pawlet, — Manners, George Cobham, and Anthony Saintliger; Richmond Herald; John Myclow with 50 officers of the King's household servants that were officers with the French Queen; Hen. Webb, gentleman usher; Tho. Rushe and Ambrose [Bradman], serjeant at arms.

The names of the ladies and gentlewomen being at the said marriage:—The Duchess of Norfolk, and in her company the Countess of Oxford, her daughter, the Marquise of Dorset.

Gentlewomen which were appointed to have abidden in France with the French Queen:—Dame Guylford, lady of honor, Lady Elizabeth Grey (age 17), Eliz. Ferrys. M. Ann Devereux, — Grey of Wilton, M. Boleyne, M. Wotton, Alice Denys and Anne Ferningham (age 10) (Jerningham?), chamberers, Dr. Denton, almoner, Mr. Palgrave, secretary, — (blank), chaplains.

Note. The "M. Boleyne" may be a reference to either [his granddaughter] Mary Boleyn (age 15) or [his granddaughter] Queen Anne Boleyn of England (age 13).