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All About History Books

The Chronicle of Walter of Guisborough, a canon regular of the Augustinian Guisborough Priory, Yorkshire, formerly known as The Chronicle of Walter of Hemingburgh, describes the period from 1066 to 1346. Before 1274 the Chronicle is based on other works. Thereafter, the Chronicle is original, and a remarkable source for the events of the time. This book provides a translation of the Chronicle from that date. The Latin source for our translation is the 1849 work edited by Hans Claude Hamilton. Hamilton, in his preface, says: "In the present work we behold perhaps one of the finest samples of our early chronicles, both as regards the value of the events recorded, and the correctness with which they are detailed; Nor will the pleasing style of composition be lightly passed over by those capable of seeing reflected from it the tokens of a vigorous and cultivated mind, and a favourable specimen of the learning and taste of the age in which it was framed." Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback.

On this Day in History ... 20th April

20 Apr is in April.

1483 Funeral of Edward IV

1534 Execution of Elizabeth Barton and her Supporters

1661 Coronation of Charles II

See Births, Marriages and Deaths.

Events on the 20th April

Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. 688. This year Ceadwall (age 29) went to Rome, and received baptism at the hands of Sergius the pope, who gave him the name of Peter; but in the course of seven nights afterwards, on the twelfth day before the calends of May, he died in his crisom-cloths, and was buried in the church of St. Peter. To him succeeded Ina (age 18) in the kingdom of Wessex, and reigned thirty-seven winters. He founded the monastery of Glastonbury [Map]; after which he went to Rome, and continued there to the end of his life. Ina was the son of Cenred, Cenred of Ceolwald; Ceolwald was the brother of Cynegils; and both were the sons of Cuthwin, who was the son of Ceawlin; Ceawlin was the son of Cynric, and Cynric of Cerdic.

Bede. 688. How Caedwalla king of the West Saxons went to Rome to be baptized; and his successor Ini also devoutly journeyed to the same threshold of the holy Apostles. [688 a.d.]

In the third year of the reign of Aldfrid, Caedwalla (age 29), king of the West Saxons, having most vigorously governed his nation for two years, quitted his crown for the sake of the Lord and an everlasting kingdom, and went to Rome, Italy [Map], being desirous to obtain the peculiar honour of being cleansed in the baptismal font at the threshold of the blessed Apostles, for he had learned that in Baptism alone the entrance into the heavenly life is opened to mankind; and he hoped at the same time, that being made clean by Baptism, he should soon be freed from the bonds of the flesh and pass to the eternal joys of Heaven; both which things, by the help of the Lord, came to pass according as he had conceived in his mind. For coming to Rome, at the time that Sergius was pope, he was baptized on the Holy Saturday before Easter Day, in the year of our Lord 689, and being still in his white garments, he fell sick, and was set free from the bonds of the flesh on the 20th of April, and obtained an entrance into the kingdom of the blessed in Heaven. At his baptism, the aforesaid pope had given him the name of Peter, to the end, that he might be also united in name to the most blessed chief of the Apostles, to whose most holy body his pious love had led him from the utmost bounds of the earth. He was likewise buried in his church, and by the pope's command an epitaph was written on his tomb, wherein the memory of his devotion might be preserved for ever, and the readers or hearers thereof might be stirred up to give themselves to religion by the example of what he had done.

On 20th April 689 King Cædwalla of Wessex (age 30) died. He was buried at St Peter's Basilica.

On 20th April 1483 King Edward IV of England (deceased) was buried in a Chantry Chapel next to the Altar, St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle [Map]. Archbishop Thomas Rotherham (age 59) celebrated the mass. John Howard 1st Duke of Norfolk (age 58) attended. John de la Pole 1st Earl Lincoln (age 21) was chief mourner. John Savage (age 39) and Edward Stanley 1st Baron Monteagle (age 21) were pall-bearers.

Croyland Chronicle 1483. 20th April 1483The body of the deceased king being accordingly interred with all honor in due ecclesiastical form, in the new collegiate chapel of Windsor [Map], which he had erected of the most elaborate workmanship, from the foundations;

Wriothesley's Chronicle. 20th April 1533. Allso the same day all the craftes in London were called to their halls, and there were swome on a booke to be true to Queene Anne (age 32) and to beleeve and take her for lawfull wife of the Kinge (age 41) and rightfull Queene of Englande, and utterlie to thincke the Ladie Marie (age 17),d daughter to the Kinge by Queene Catherin (age 47), but as a bastarde, and thus to doe without any scrupulositie of conscience; allso all the curates and priestes in London and thoroweout Englande were allso swome before the Lord of Canterburie (age 43) and other Bishopps; and allso all countries in Englande were sworne in lykewise, everie man in the shires and towncs were they dwelled.

Note d. The Princess Mary, who was no longer admitted to Court.

On 20th April 1534 Elizabeth "Holy Maid of Kent" Barton (age 28) was hanged for treason at Tyburn [Map]. Five of her supporters were hanged alongside her:

Edward Bocking, Benedictine Monk of Christ Church, Canterbury

John Dering, Benedictine Monk

Henry Gold, Priest

Hugh Rich, Franciscan Friar

Richard Risby, Franciscan Friar

Letters and Papers Foreign and Domestic Henry VIII 1535. 20th April 1535. R. O. 567. [John Hale, Vicar of Isleworth, to the Council.]

I fell and hurt my leg at Wyngham, at Allhallowtide was twelvemonth, and remained till about Candlemas next. On Saturday after Ash Wednesday I fell into a fervent ague. How long I continued, with various relapses, the parishioners of Isleworth know, so that I took not my journey through whole five weeks before Michaelmas last, and lost "our Lady's quarter" ended the Midsummer before that by my sickness. I had several falls from my horse, from one of which I was troubled in my wits, as also by age and lack of memory. Will nevertheless report, as well as I can, with whom I talked, and in what manner, of the King's grace. I remember, about two years ago, the fellow of Bristow showed, both to me and others of Syon, the prophecies of Marlyon; for, by my truth, Master Skydmore showed me also the same, with whom I had several conversations concerning the King's marriage and other behaviours of his bodily lust. Once Cownsell the porter "sayd that our suffren had a short of maydons over oon of his chambyres at Farnam while he was with the oold lord of Wynchester." Had also conversations with Skydmore, with Sir Thomas my priest, and with Master Leeke; and once, I think, about two years ago, of the Acts of Parliament made against churchmen, with the prior of Hounslow, who offered to show me a prophecy; but we had no leisure to speak together further, for we only met at the new inn, where Mr. Yowng, Awnsam and his wife, and others, dined with us. Skydmore also used to speak of young Sir Rice, saying that Welshmen and priests were sore disdained nowadays. As to Mr. Ferne, my wits were so troubled with sickness that I cannot perfectly remember what he rehearsed; but by Mr. Bydyll's rehearsal, Mr. Steward of Syon told me it was likely to be enacted that no more tithe corn should be made. I was sick long after, and, being aged and oblivious, did not see him till we met at the Secretary's at the Rolls. Also Mr. Waren, old surveyor, and the master of Ashford, in Kent, sometime steward to the bp. of Canterbury, spoke in the churchyard of Istleworth of the hard statutes made and to be made against the Church. Finally, I confess the four bills by Mr. Feerne, Mr. Leeke, Mr. Skydmore, and Sir Thomas Mody to be true, and that by such seditious ways I have maliciously slandered the King and Queen and their Council; for which I ask forgiveness of God, king Henry VIII., and queen Anne, and shall continue sorrowful during my life, which stands only in the King's William "Moreover, Mr. Skydmore dyd show to me yongge Master Care (age 9), saying that he was our suffren Lord the Kynge's son by our suffren Lady the Qwyen's (age 34) syster (age 36), whom the Qwyen's grace myght not suffer to be yn the Cowrte."

Pp.3. Headed: Jhus Salvator Mundi, miserere mei quia timor mortis conturbat me. Endd.:

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Henry Machyn's Diary. 20th April 1555. The xx day of Aprell was raynyd at Powlles a-for the bysshope of London (age 55) and many odur and my lord cheyffe justys and my lord mayre and the shreyffes; ys name was (master Fowler, alias Branch ); he was a monke of Ely; and ther was a goodly sermon, and after he was cast and condemnyd to have ys hand that hurt the prest cut off or he shuld suffer, and after dysgracyd, and after cared to Nuwgatt [Map]ss.

On 20th April 1597 Oliver St John 1st Earl Bolingbroke (age 17) admitted at Gray's Inn.

Diary of Anne Clifford. 20th April 1617. The 20th being Easter Day my Lord (age 28) and I and Tom Glenham and most of the folk received the Communion by Mr Ran, yet in the afternoon my Lord and I had had a great falling out, Mathew continuing still to do me all the ill office he could with my Lord. All this time I wore my white satin gown and my white waistcoat.

Diary of Anne Clifford. 20th April 1619. The 20th I went to Parsons Green to my Lady St. John's, where I met the Spanish friar that is the agent here.

This day and the next my Lord (age 30) had cocking at the Cock Pit where there met him an infinite company.

On 20th April 1641 Bishop John Davenant (age 68) died. Salisbury Cathedral [Map].

Bishop John Davenant: On 20th May 1572 he was born. In 1621 he was appointed Bishop of Salisbury.

Samuel Pepys' Diary. 20th April 1661. But my pleasure was great to see the manner of it, and so many great beauties, but above all Mrs. Palmer (age 20), with whom the King do discover a great deal of familiarity. So Mr. Creed and I (the play being done) went to Mrs. Harper's, and there sat and drank, it being about twelve at night. The ways being now so dirty, and stopped up with the rayles which are this day set up in the streets, I would not go home, but went with him to his lodging at Mr. Ware's, and there lay all night.

Samuel Pepys' Diary. 20th April 1661. Then with my Lady and my Lady Wright to White Hall; and in the Banqueting-house [Map] saw the King create my Lord Chancellor (age 52) and several others, Earls, and Mr. Crew (age 63) and several others, Barons: the first being led up by Heralds and five old Earls to the King, and there the patent is read, and the King puts on his vest, and sword, and coronet, and gives him the patent. And then he kisseth the King's hand, and rises and stands covered before the king. And the same for the Barons, only he is led up but by three of the old Barons, and are girt with swords before they go to the King.

Samuel Pepys' Diary. 20th April 1661. That being done (which was very pleasant to see their habits), I carried my Lady back, and I found my Lord angry, for that his page had let my Lord's new beaver be changed for an old hat; then I went away, and with Mr. Creed to the Exchange [Map] and bought some things, as gloves and bandstrings, &c. So back to the Cockpitt [Map], and there, by the favour of one Mr. Bowman, he and I got in, and there saw the King and Duke of York (age 27) and his Duchess (age 24) (which is a plain woman, and like her mother, my Lady Chancellor). And so saw "The Humersome Lieutenant" acted before the King (age 30), but not very well done.

Samuel Pepys' Diary. 20th April 1662. Lord's Day. My intention being to go this morning to White Hall to hear South (age 27), my Lord Chancellor's (age 53) chaplain, the famous preacher and oratour of Oxford, (who the last Lord's day did sink down in the pulpit before the King (age 31), and could not proceed,) it did rain, and the wind against me, that I could by no means get a boat or coach to carry me; and so I staid at Paul's, where the judges did all meet, and heard a sermon, it being the first Sunday of the term; but they had a very poor sermon.

Samuel Pepys' Diary. 20th April 1663. After dinner, it raining very hard, by coach to Whitehall, where, after Sir G. Carteret (age 53), Sir J. Minnes (age 64), Mr. Coventry (age 35) and I had been with the Duke, we to the Committee of Tangier [Map] and did matters there dispatching wholly my Lord Teviott, and so broke up.

Samuel Pepys' Diary. 20th April 1663. With Sir G. Carteret (age 53) and Sir John Minnes (age 64) by coach to my Lord Treasurer's (age 56), thinking to have spoken about getting money for paying the Yards; but we found him with some ladies at cards: and so, it being a bad time to speak, we parted, and Sir J. Minnes and I home, and after walking with my wife in the garden late, to supper and to bed, being somewhat troubled at Ashwell's desiring and insisting over eagerly upon her going to a ball to meet some of her old companions at a dancing school here in town next Friday, but I am resolved she shall not go.

All About History Books

The Chronicle of Geoffrey le Baker of Swinbroke. Baker was a secular clerk from Swinbroke, now Swinbrook, an Oxfordshire village two miles east of Burford. His Chronicle describes the events of the period 1303-1356: Gaveston, Bannockburn, Boroughbridge, the murder of King Edward II, the Scottish Wars, Sluys, Crécy, the Black Death, Winchelsea and Poitiers. To quote Herbert Bruce 'it possesses a vigorous and characteristic style, and its value for particular events between 1303 and 1356 has been recognised by its editor and by subsequent writers'. The book provides remarkable detail about the events it describes. Baker's text has been augmented with hundreds of notes, including extracts from other contemporary chronicles, such as the Annales Londonienses, Annales Paulini, Murimuth, Lanercost, Avesbury, Guisborough and Froissart to enrich the reader's understanding. The translation takes as its source the 'Chronicon Galfridi le Baker de Swynebroke' published in 1889, edited by Edward Maunde Thompson. Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback.

Samuel Pepys' Diary. 20th April 1663. So to bed. This day the little Duke of Monmouth (age 14) was married at White Hall, in the King's chamber; and tonight is a great supper and dancing at his lodgings, near Charing-Cross. I observed his coat at the tail of his coach he gives the arms of England, Scotland, and France, quartered upon some other fields, but what it is that speaks his being a bastard I know not.

John Evelyn's Diary. 20th April 1665. To Whitehall [Map], to the King (age 34), who called me into his bedchamber as he was dressing, to whom, I showed the letter written to me from the Duke of York (age 31) from the fleet, giving me notice of young Evertzen, and some considerable commanders newly taken in fight with the Dartmouth and Diamond frigates, whom he had sent me as prisoners at war; I went to know of his Majesty how he would have me treat them, when he commanded me to bring the young captain to him, and to take the word of the Dutch Ambassador (who yet remained here) for the other, that he should render himself to me whenever I called on him, and not stir without leave. Upon which I desired more guards, the prison being Chelsea House. I went also to Lord Arlington (age 47) (the Secretary Bennet lately made a Lord) about other business. Dined at my Lord Chancellor's (age 56); none with him but Sir Sackville Crowe (age 69), formerly Ambassador at Constantinople; we were very cheerful and merry.

Samuel Pepys' Diary. 20th April 1666. Thence to Mr. Hales's (age 66), and there, though against his particular mind, I had my landskipp done out, and only a heaven made in the roome of it, which though it do not please me thoroughly now it is done, yet it will do better than as it was before.

Samuel Pepys' Diary. 20th April 1668. Up betimes and to the getting ready my answer to the Committee of Accounts to several questions, which makes me trouble, though I know of no blame due to me from any, let them enquire what they can out1. I to White Hall, and there hear how Henry Brouncker (age 41) is fled, which, I think, will undo him: but what good it will do Harman (age 43) I know not, he hath so befooled himself; but it will be good sport to my Chancellor (age 59) to hear how his great enemy is fain to take the same course that he is. There met Robinson, who tells me that he fears his master, W. Coventry, will this week have his business brought upon the stage again, about selling of places, which I shall be sorry for, though the less, since I hear his standing for Pen the other day, to the prejudice, though not to the wrong, of my Lord Sandwich (age 42); and yet I do think what he did, he did out of a principle of honesty.

Note 1. The first part of the entry for April 20th is among the rough notes, and stands as follows: "Monday 20. Up and busy about answer to Committee of Accounts this morning about several questions which vexed me though in none I have reason to be troubled. But the business of The Flying Greyhound begins to find me some care, though in that I am wholly void of blame". This may be compared with the text.

Samuel Pepys' Diary. 20th April 1669. At noon comes my guest, Mr. Hugh May (age 47), and with him Sir Henry Capell (age 31), my old Lord Capel's son, and Mr. Parker; and I had a pretty dinner for them; and both before and after dinner had excellent discourse; and shewed them my closet and my Office, and the method of it to their great content; and more extraordinary, manly discourse and opportunity of shewing myself, and learning from others, I have not, in ordinary discourse, had in my life, they being all persons of worth, but especially Sir H. Capell, whose being a Parliament-man, and hearing my discourse in the Parliament-house, hath, as May tells me, given him along desire to know and discourse with me. In the afternoon we walked to the Old Artillery-Ground near the Spitalfields, where I never was before, but now, by Captain Deane's (age 35) invitation, did go to see his new gun tryed, this being the place where the Officers of the Ordnance do try all their great guns; and when we come, did find that the trial had been made; and they going away with extraordinary report of the proof of his gun, which, from the shortness and bigness, they do call Punchinello. But I desired Colonel Legg to stay and give us a sight of her performance, which he did, and there, in short, against a gun more than as long and as heavy again, and charged with as much powder again, she carried the same bullet as strong to the mark, and nearer and above the mark at a point blank than theirs, and is more easily managed, and recoyles no more than that, which is a thing so extraordinary as to be admired for the happiness of his invention, and to the great regret of the old Gunners and Officers of the Ordnance that were there, only Colonel Legg did do her much right in his report of her. And so, having seen this great and first experiment, we all parted, I seeing my guests into a Hackney coach, and myself, with Captain Deane, taking a Hackney coach, did go out towards Bow, and went as far as Stratford, and all the way talking of this invention, and he offering me a third of the profit of the invention; which, for aught I know, or do at present think, may prove matter considerable to us: for either the King (age 38) will give him a reward for it, if he keeps it to himself, or he will give us a patent to make our profit of it: and no doubt but it will be of profit to merchantmen and others, to have guns of the same force at half the charge. This was our talk: and then to talk of other things, of the Navy in general: and, among other things, he did tell me that he do hear how the Duke of Buckingham (age 41) hath a spite at me, which I knew before, but value it not: and he tells me that Sir T. Allen (age 57) is not my friend; but for all this I am not much troubled, for I know myself so usefull that, as I believe, they will not part with me; so I thank God my condition is such that I can; retire, and be able to live with comfort, though not with abundance. Thus we spent the evening with extraordinary good discourse, to my great content, and so home to the Office, and there did some business, and then home, where my wife do come home, and I vexed at her staying out so late, but she tells me that she hath been at home with M. Batelier a good while, so I made nothing of it, but to supper and to bed.

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St Alban's Shrine, St Albans Cathedral. Ledger stone of John Gape (age 79), died 20th April 1703, and his wife Ann, died 31st December 1682.

Ann Oxton: she was born to Thomas Oxton of St Albans. On 9th April 1646 John Gape and she were married. On 31st December 1682 she died.

On 20th April 1713 John Rushout 4th Baronet (age 28) was elected MP Malmesbury with the support of Thomas Wharton 1st Marquess Wharton (age 64).

On 20th April 1723 Frances Lister (age 25) died in childbirth. She was buried at Lincoln Cathedral [Map].

Frances Lister: On 7th September 1697 she was born to Thomas Lister of Coleby in Lincolnshire. After 25th July 1719 Gervase Scrope of Cockeringham and she were married.

After 20th April 1739. Monument to Richard Davies of Stanton Lacy (deceased) and Esther Edwardes at St Laurence's Church, Ludlow [Map].

Richard Davies of Stanton Lacy: Around 1672 he was born. Before 20th April 1739 he and Esther Edwardes were married. His second wife. On 20th April 1739 he died.

Esther Edwardes: she was born to Francis Edwardes 2nd Baronet and Eleanor Warburton. Her father somewhat speculative. Her gravestone says daughter of Francis Edwardes Baronet but not which Baronet. Her future husband Richard Davies of Stanton Lacy was born in 1672. On 11th June 1755 Esther Edwardes died.

On 20th April 1759 Thomas William Coke 1st Earl of Leicester (age 61) died. Earl of Leicester and Baron Lovel of Minster Lovell extinct. Wenman Roberts aka Coke (age 42) inherited his estates.

On 31st August 1753 Edward Coke (age 34) died.

Monument in Church of St Mary the Virgin, Tittleshall [Map] commissioned by wife and mother Margaret Tufton Countess Leicester (age 58). Erected in 1760. Sculpted by Charles Atkinson. Gadrooned sarcophagus on pedestal with a carved and painted achievement above surrounded by extravagant mantling. Flanked by pair of composite columns supporting a dentilated pediment. Carved bust figures to the sides of the Earl and Countess by Louis Francois Roubiliac (age 56).

Edward Coke: On 2nd February 1719 he was born to Thomas William Coke 1st Earl of Leicester and Margaret Tufton Countess Leicester. On 1st April 1747 Edward Coke and Mary Campbell were married. She the daughter of John Campbell 2nd Duke Argyll. He the son of Thomas William Coke 1st Earl of Leicester and Margaret Tufton Countess Leicester.

On 20th April 1898 Brigadier-General Charles FitzClarence (age 32) and Violet Spencer-Churchill (age 34) were married at the Citadel Church, Cairo. They were sixth cousins. He a great grandson of King William IV of the United Kingdom.

On 20th April 1906 Lieutenant-Colonel Arthur Gray (age 70) died at East Bolton, Northumberland [Map]. Memorial at the Chapel of St John the Evangelist, Bolton [Map].

Lieutenant-Colonel Arthur Gray: In 1836 he was born to William Gray and Eleanor Ker. On 1st June 1878 Captain Arthur Gray and Louise Victoria Marshall were married at St Luke's Church, Paddington.

All About History Books

The Chronicle of Walter of Guisborough, a canon regular of the Augustinian Guisborough Priory, Yorkshire, formerly known as The Chronicle of Walter of Hemingburgh, describes the period from 1066 to 1346. Before 1274 the Chronicle is based on other works. Thereafter, the Chronicle is original, and a remarkable source for the events of the time. This book provides a translation of the Chronicle from that date. The Latin source for our translation is the 1849 work edited by Hans Claude Hamilton. Hamilton, in his preface, says: "In the present work we behold perhaps one of the finest samples of our early chronicles, both as regards the value of the events recorded, and the correctness with which they are detailed; Nor will the pleasing style of composition be lightly passed over by those capable of seeing reflected from it the tokens of a vigorous and cultivated mind, and a favourable specimen of the learning and taste of the age in which it was framed." Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback.

After 20th April 1916. St Bartholemew's Church, Sunderland Bridge [Map]. Grave of 4617 Private William Dunn of the Durham Light Infantry. Died 20 April 1916. Son of Thomas and Jane Dunn. Born at Croxdale.

The London Gazette 31353. Capt. J. H. M. the Marquis of Granby (age 32), from the 4th Bn., Leicester Regt., to be Capt. 20th Apr. 1919.

On 20th April 1947 Christian X King Denmark (age 76) died.

On 16th August 1956 Major Henry Anthony Birkbeck (age 71) died. On 20th April 1917 Gervase William Birkbeck was killed in action. Memorials in All Saints Church, West Acre [Map].

Major Henry Anthony Birkbeck: On 29th January 1885 he was born to Henry Birkbeck.

Gervase William Birkbeck: Around 1887 he was born to Henry Birkbeck.

On 20th April 1978 Robert Fellows (age 37) and Jane Spencer (age 21) were married at the Royal Military Chapel, Wellington Barracks. Her sister Diana (age 16) attended as bridesmaid. She the daughter of John Spencer 8th Earl Spencer (age 54) and Frances Ruth Roche Countess Spencer (age 42).

Births on the 20th April

On 20th April 1608 Bishop Edward Rainbowe was born to Thomas Rainbowe Vicar at Blyton.

On 20th April 1609 Mary Noel was born to Edward Noel 2nd Viscount Campden (age 27) and Juliana Hicks Viscountess Campden (age 22).

On 20th April 1721 Amelia Anne Murray was born to John Murray 1st Duke Atholl (age 61) and Mary Ross Duchess Atholl (age 33).

On 20th April 1757 Elizabeth Anne Burrell Duchess Hamilton Duchess Brandon was born to Peter Burrell (age 32) and Elizabeth Lewis.

On 20th April 1757 Reverend William Nelson 1st Earl Nelson was born to Reverend Edmund Nelson (age 35).

All About History Books

The Chronicle of Walter of Guisborough, a canon regular of the Augustinian Guisborough Priory, Yorkshire, formerly known as The Chronicle of Walter of Hemingburgh, describes the period from 1066 to 1346. Before 1274 the Chronicle is based on other works. Thereafter, the Chronicle is original, and a remarkable source for the events of the time. This book provides a translation of the Chronicle from that date. The Latin source for our translation is the 1849 work edited by Hans Claude Hamilton. Hamilton, in his preface, says: "In the present work we behold perhaps one of the finest samples of our early chronicles, both as regards the value of the events recorded, and the correctness with which they are detailed; Nor will the pleasing style of composition be lightly passed over by those capable of seeing reflected from it the tokens of a vigorous and cultivated mind, and a favourable specimen of the learning and taste of the age in which it was framed." Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback.

On 20th April 1792 Captain George William St John-Mildmay was born to Henry Paulet St John-Mildmay 3rd Baronet (age 27) and Jane Mildmay. She was a twin with Judith St John-Mildmay Countess Radnor (age 2).

On 20th April 1796 Francis Baring 1st Baron Northbrook was born to Thomas Baring 2nd Baronet (age 23) and Mary Ursula Sealy Lady Baring (age 22).

On 20th April 1798 Maria Liddell Marchioness Normanby was born to Thomas Liddell 1st Baron Ravensworth (age 23) and Maria Susannah Simpson Baroness Calthorpe (age 25).

On 20th April 1801 John Stuart-Wortley-Mackenzie 2nd Baron Wharncliffe was born to James Archibald Stuart-Wortley-Mackenzie 1st Baron Wharncliffe (age 24) and Elizabeth Caroline Mary Crichton Baroness Wharncliffe (age 23).

On 20th April 1805 Franz Xaver Winterhalter was born.

On 20th April 1806 Joanna Hobhouse was born to Benjamin Hobhouse 1st Baronet (age 49) and Amelia Parry.

All About History Books

The Chronicle of Walter of Guisborough, a canon regular of the Augustinian Guisborough Priory, Yorkshire, formerly known as The Chronicle of Walter of Hemingburgh, describes the period from 1066 to 1346. Before 1274 the Chronicle is based on other works. Thereafter, the Chronicle is original, and a remarkable source for the events of the time. This book provides a translation of the Chronicle from that date. The Latin source for our translation is the 1849 work edited by Hans Claude Hamilton. Hamilton, in his preface, says: "In the present work we behold perhaps one of the finest samples of our early chronicles, both as regards the value of the events recorded, and the correctness with which they are detailed; Nor will the pleasing style of composition be lightly passed over by those capable of seeing reflected from it the tokens of a vigorous and cultivated mind, and a favourable specimen of the learning and taste of the age in which it was framed." Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback.

On 20th April 1848 William Bulkeley Barrington 9th Viscount Barrington was born to Percy Barrington 8th Viscount Barrington (age 22) and Louisa Higgins. He was educated at Eton College [Map].

On 20th April 1868 Reverend Francis Cooke Caulfield Heathcote 9th Baronet was born to Reverend Gilbert Vyvyan Heathcote (age 37) and Helen Maxwell Cunningham.

On 20th April 1884 Beatrice Windsor Duchess Galliera was born to Prince Alfred Windsor (age 39) and Maria Holstein Gottorp Romanov (age 30) at Eastwell Park, Kent. She a granddaughter of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom.

On 20th April 1905 George Nelson 8th Earl Nelson was born to Edward Nelson 5th Earl Nelson (age 44).

On 20th April 1910 Alvaro Antonio Orléans Galliera was born to Alfonso Orléans Galliera Duke Galliera (age 23) and Beatrice Windsor Duchess Galliera (age 26) at Coburg. He a great grandson of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom.

On 20th April 1911 Richard Hanbury-Tracy 6th Baron Sudeley was born to Algernon Hanbury-Tracy (age 40).

On 20th April 1954 John Henry Wellesley was born to Arthur Valerian Wellesley 8th Duke Wellington (age 38).

All About History Books

The Deeds of King Henry V, or in Latin Henrici Quinti, Angliæ Regis, Gesta, is a first-hand account of the Agincourt Campaign, and subsequent events to his death in 1422. The author of the first part was a Chaplain in King Henry's retinue who was present from King Henry's departure at Southampton in 1415, at the siege of Harfleur, the battle of Agincourt, and the celebrations on King Henry's return to London. The second part, by another writer, relates the events that took place including the negotiations at Troye, Henry's marriage and his death in 1422.

Available at Amazon as eBook or Paperback.

On 20th April 1958 Crispian Barlow 8th Baronet was born to Christopher Hilaro Barlow 7th Baronet (age 28).

Marriages on the 20th April

On 20th April 1630 Christopher Yelverton 1st Baronet (age 28) and Anne Twysden were married.

On 20th April 1636 Thomas Pope 3rd Earl Downe (age 38) and Beatrix Poole were married at Wroxton, Oxfordshire. He the son of William Pope 1st Earl Downe and Anne Hopton Baroness Wentworth.

On 20th April 1663 James Scott 1st Duke Monmouth 1st Duke Buccleuch (age 14) and Anne Scott Duchess Monmouth and Buccleuch (age 12) were married. She by marriage Duchess Monmouth. She the daughter of Francis Scott 2nd Earl Buccleuch and Margaret Leslie Countess Buccleuch and Wemyss (age 42). He the illegitmate son of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland (age 32) and Lucy Walter. They were fifth cousins.

On 20th April 1681 Richard Newport 2nd Earl Bradford (age 36) and Mary Wilbraham Countess Bradford (age 19) were married. He the son of Francis Newport 1st Earl Bradford (age 61) and Diana Russell Countess Bradford.

On 20th April 1693 Charles Barrington 5th Baronet (age 22) and Bridget Monson Lady Barrington (age 19) were married at St Bride's Church, Fleet Street. She by marriage Lady Barrington of Barrington Hall.

On 20th April 1695 Henry Grey 1st Duke Kent (age 24) and Jemima Crew Marchioness Kent (age 19) were married. They had five sons and seven daughters of whom only three surviving her. He the son of Anthony Grey 11th Earl Kent (age 49) and Mary Lucas Countess Kent (age 51).

On 20th April 1710 Alan Brodrick 1st Viscount Midleton (age 54) and Anne Trevor (age 38) were married. She by marriage Viscountess Midleton of Midleton in Cork.

On 20th April 1736 James Campbell 5th Baronet (age 58) and Margaret Campbell Lady Campbell (age 32) were married. She by marriage Lady Campbell of Auchinbreck. The difference in their ages was 25 years.

On 20th April 1771 Thomas Brand Baron Dacre (age 21) and Gertrude Trevor Roper 19th Baroness Dacre of Gilsland (age 20) were married. They were fourth cousin once removed. She a great x 2 granddaughter of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland.

On 20th April 1774 William Middleton 5th Baronet (age 36) and Jane Monck Lady Middleton were married. She by marriage Lady Middleton of Belsay Castle in Northumberland.

All About History Books

The Deeds of King Henry V, or in Latin Henrici Quinti, Angliæ Regis, Gesta, is a first-hand account of the Agincourt Campaign, and subsequent events to his death in 1422. The author of the first part was a Chaplain in King Henry's retinue who was present from King Henry's departure at Southampton in 1415, at the siege of Harfleur, the battle of Agincourt, and the celebrations on King Henry's return to London. The second part, by another writer, relates the events that took place including the negotiations at Troye, Henry's marriage and his death in 1422.

Available at Amazon as eBook or Paperback.

On 11th March 1799 Thomas Bruce 11th Earl Kincardine 7th Earl Elgin (age 32) and Mary Nisbet Countess Elgin (age 20) were married. She by marriage Countess Elgin. They had two sons and three daughters. They divorced before 20th April 1808 she having been accused of having an affair with Robert Ferguson of Raith (age 29) whom she subsequently married. The Earl sued Ferguson in both England and Scotland and won £10,000. He the son of Charles Bruce 9th Earl Kincardine 5th Earl Elgin.

On 20th April 1800 John Gladstone 1st Baronet (age 35) and Anne MacKenzie Robertson (age 28) were married at St Peter's Church, Liverpool.

On 20th April 1808 Robert Ferguson of Raith (age 38) and Mary Nisbet Countess Elgin (age 30) were married.

On 20th April 1843 Thomas Coke 2nd Earl of Leicester (age 20) and Juliana Whitbread Countess Leicester (age 17) were married. She by marriage Countess of Leicester. He the son of Thomas Coke 1st Earl of Leicester and Anne Amelia Keppel Countess Leicester (age 40). They were half fifth cousin once removed. He a great x 4 grandson of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland. She a great x 5 granddaughter of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland.

On 20th April 1844 Orlando Bridgeman 3rd Earl Bradford (age 24) and Selina Weld-Forester Countess Bradford were married. He the son of George Bridgeman 2nd Earl Bradford (age 54) and Georgina Elizabeth Moncrieffe Countess Bradford. They were fifth cousin once removed.

On 20th April 1875 Reverend George Boughey 5th Baronet (age 37) and Theodosia Mary Royds (age 34) were married. They were second cousins.

On 20th April 1898 Brigadier-General Charles FitzClarence (age 32) and Violet Spencer-Churchill (age 34) were married at the Citadel Church, Cairo. They were sixth cousins. He a great grandson of King William IV of the United Kingdom.

On 20th April 1978 Robert Fellows (age 37) and Jane Spencer (age 21) were married at the Royal Military Chapel, Wellington Barracks. Her sister Diana (age 16) attended as bridesmaid. She the daughter of John Spencer 8th Earl Spencer (age 54) and Frances Ruth Roche Countess Spencer (age 42).

Deaths on the 20th April

On 20th April 689 King Cædwalla of Wessex (age 30) died. He was buried at St Peter's Basilica.

On 20th April 1176 Richard "Strongbow" Clare 2nd Earl Pembroke (age 46) died at Dublin [Map]. He was buried at Christ Church Cathedral, Dublin [Map]. His son Gilbert succeeded 3rd Earl Pembroke although being a minor he was never invested with the title.

On 20th April 1396 Alianore Strange Baroness Grey Ruthyn (age 65) died at Ruthyn.

On 20th April 1417 Elizabeth Mortimer Baroness Camoys (age 46) died. She was buried at St George's Church Trotton.

On 20th April 1478 Margery Despencer 3rd Baroness Despencer, Baroness Ros (age 81) died. Her grandson Henry (age 30) succeeded 4th Baron Despencer. Anne Saye Baroness Despencer (age 25) by marriage Baroness Despencer.

On 20th April 1541 Robert Stewart 1st Earl Albany died being only eight days old.

On 20th April 1566 John Mason (age 63) died.

All About History Books

The Chronicle of Geoffrey le Baker of Swinbroke. Baker was a secular clerk from Swinbroke, now Swinbrook, an Oxfordshire village two miles east of Burford. His Chronicle describes the events of the period 1303-1356: Gaveston, Bannockburn, Boroughbridge, the murder of King Edward II, the Scottish Wars, Sluys, Crécy, the Black Death, Winchelsea and Poitiers. To quote Herbert Bruce 'it possesses a vigorous and characteristic style, and its value for particular events between 1303 and 1356 has been recognised by its editor and by subsequent writers'. The book provides remarkable detail about the events it describes. Baker's text has been augmented with hundreds of notes, including extracts from other contemporary chronicles, such as the Annales Londonienses, Annales Paulini, Murimuth, Lanercost, Avesbury, Guisborough and Froissart to enrich the reader's understanding. The translation takes as its source the 'Chronicon Galfridi le Baker de Swynebroke' published in 1889, edited by Edward Maunde Thompson. Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback.

On 20th April 1641 Bishop John Davenant (age 68) died. Salisbury Cathedral [Map].

Bishop John Davenant: On 20th May 1572 he was born. In 1621 he was appointed Bishop of Salisbury.

On 20th April 1647 John Hobart 2nd Baronet (age 54) died. His nephew John (age 19) succeeded 3rd Baronet Hobart of Intwood in Norfolk.

On 20th April 1656 Thomas Palmer 2nd Baronet died at Wingham, Kent. His son Henry succeeded 3rd Baronet Palmer of Wingham in Kent.

On 20th April 1678 Francis Seymour 5th Duke of Somerset (age 20) was killed. He was unmarried and childless. He was shot dead by Genoese Horatio Botti whose wife Seymour was said to have insulted at Lerici. His brother Charles (age 15) succeeded 6th Duke Somerset, 6th Earl Hertford, 6th Baron Beauchamp of Hatch Beauchamp in Somerset, 4th Baron Seymour of Trowbridge.

On 20th April 1685 Archdeacon William Turner (age 37) died.

On 20th April 1690 Maria Anna Victoria Wittelsbach Duchess Burgundy (age 29) died.

On 20th April 1701 Orlando Bridgeman 1st Baronet (age 51) died. His son Orlando (age 22) succeeded 2nd Baronet Bridgeman of Ridley in Cheshire.

On 20th April 1702 Anna Maria Brudenell Countess Shrewsbury and Waterford (age 60) died.

On 20th April 1708 Damaris Cudworth Lady Masham (age 49) died.

On 20th April 1712 Catherine Cavendish Countess Isle Thanet (age 47) died.

On 20th April 1713 John Hay 2nd Marquess Teviotdale (age 68) died. His son Charles (age 43) succeeded 3rd Marquess Teviotdale, 4th Earl Tweeddale.

On 20th April 1718 Michael Biddulph 2nd Baronet (age 64) died. He was buried at Greenwich, Kent [Map] on 1st May 1718. His son Theophilus (age 33) succeeded 3rd Baronet Biddulph of Westcombe in Kent.

On 20th April 1720 George Gordon 1st Earl Aberdeen (age 82) died. His son William (age 41) succeeded 2nd Earl Aberdeen. Anne Gordon Duchess Mantua by marriage Duchess Mantua.

On 20th April 1741 Henry O'Brien 8th Earl Thomond (age 52) died without issue. He was buried in St Mary's Cathedral, Limerick, County Limerick.

On 20th April 1759 Thomas William Coke 1st Earl of Leicester (age 61) died. Earl of Leicester and Baron Lovel of Minster Lovell extinct. Wenman Roberts aka Coke (age 42) inherited his estates.

On 31st August 1753 Edward Coke (age 34) died.

Monument in Church of St Mary the Virgin, Tittleshall [Map] commissioned by wife and mother Margaret Tufton Countess Leicester (age 58). Erected in 1760. Sculpted by Charles Atkinson. Gadrooned sarcophagus on pedestal with a carved and painted achievement above surrounded by extravagant mantling. Flanked by pair of composite columns supporting a dentilated pediment. Carved bust figures to the sides of the Earl and Countess by Louis Francois Roubiliac (age 56).

Edward Coke: On 2nd February 1719 he was born to Thomas William Coke 1st Earl of Leicester and Margaret Tufton Countess Leicester. On 1st April 1747 Edward Coke and Mary Campbell were married. She the daughter of John Campbell 2nd Duke Argyll. He the son of Thomas William Coke 1st Earl of Leicester and Margaret Tufton Countess Leicester.

On 20th April 1767 John St John 12th Baron St John (age 41) died at Nice, France. His son Henry (age 8) succeeded 13th Baron St John of Bletso, 10th Baronet St John of Woodford in Northamptonshire.

On 20th April 1792 John Bourke 2nd Earl of Mayo (age 63) died. His brother Joseph (age 56) succeeded 3rd Earl Mayo. Elizabeth Meade Countess Mayo by marriage Countess Mayo.

On 20th April 1802 George Augustus North 3rd Earl Guildford (age 44) died. His brother Francis (age 40) succeeded 4th Earl Guildford, 6th Baron Guildford. Baron North abeyant between his three daughters Maria North Marchioness Bute, Susan North 10th Baroness North (age 5) and Georgiana North.

On 20th April 1809 George Harcourt 2nd Earl Harcourt (age 72) died without issue. His brother William (age 66) succeeded 3rd Earl Harcourt of Stanton Harcourt, 4th Viscount Harcourt of Stanton Harcourt in Oxfordshire.

On 20th April 1832 Charles Tufton 10th Earl of Thanet (age 61) died. His brother Henry (age 57) succeeded 11th Earl of Thanet, 11th Baron Tufton, 12th Baronet Tufton of Hothfield.

On 20th April 1845 Cecilia Anne Parke Lady Ridley died.

On 20th April 1845 Thomas Phillips (age 74) died.

On 20th April 1866 Frederick Adair Roe 1st Baronet (age 77) died. Baronet Roe of Brundish in Suffolk extinct.

All About History Books

The Deeds of King Henry V, or in Latin Henrici Quinti, Angliæ Regis, Gesta, is a first-hand account of the Agincourt Campaign, and subsequent events to his death in 1422. The author of the first part was a Chaplain in King Henry's retinue who was present from King Henry's departure at Southampton in 1415, at the siege of Harfleur, the battle of Agincourt, and the celebrations on King Henry's return to London. The second part, by another writer, relates the events that took place including the negotiations at Troye, Henry's marriage and his death in 1422.

Available at Amazon as eBook or Paperback.

On 20th April 1875 Joseph Hawley 3rd Baronet (age 60) died. His brother Henry (age 51) succeeded 4th Baronet Hawley of Leybourne Grange in Kent.

On 20th April 1920 Louisa Erskine Holmes Viscountess Wolseley (age 77) died.

Daily Mail (Hull, Humberside, England), Friday, April 16, 1920, Page 3:

"The late Dowager Viscountess Wolseley was buried privately in the crypt of St. Paul's Cathedral yesterday, her expressed wish for a simple burial being fully observed. Admission to the crypt was by ticket, and only about 30 relatives and intimate friends saw the ashes, which had been brought to the cathedral overnight from Golder's Green Crematorium, interred besides Lord Wolseley's tomb."

On 20th April 1927 Enrique Simonet Lombardo (age 61) died.

On 20th April 1931 Cosmo Edmund Duff-Gordon 5th Baronet (age 68) died without issue. His brother Henry (age 65) succeeded 6th Baronet Duff-Gordon of Halkin in Aberdeenshire. Maud Emily Hammersley Lady-Duff-Gordon by marriage Lady Duff-Gordon of Halkin in Aberdeenshire.

On 20th April 1935 Lucy "Madame Lucille" Christiana Sutherland Lady Duff-Gordon (age 71) died.

On 20th April 1941 Francis Hope Pelham-Clinton-Hope 8th Duke Newcastle-under-Lyne (age 75) died at Clumber Park, Worksop. His son Henry (age 34) succeeded 9th Duke Newcastle under Lyme, 16th Earl Lincoln.

On 20th April 1947 Christian X King Denmark (age 76) died.

On 20th April 1947 Wathen Arthur Waller 5th Baronet (age 65) died. His second cousin Edmund (age 75) succeeded 6th Baronet Waller of Braywick Lodge in Berkshire. Muriel Grace Adderley Lady Waller (age 64) by marriage Lady Waller of Braywick Lodge in Berkshire.

On 20th April 1949 George Bingham 5th Earl Lucan (age 88) died.

All About History Books

The Chronicle of Geoffrey le Baker of Swinbroke. Baker was a secular clerk from Swinbroke, now Swinbrook, an Oxfordshire village two miles east of Burford. His Chronicle describes the events of the period 1303-1356: Gaveston, Bannockburn, Boroughbridge, the murder of King Edward II, the Scottish Wars, Sluys, Crécy, the Black Death, Winchelsea and Poitiers. To quote Herbert Bruce 'it possesses a vigorous and characteristic style, and its value for particular events between 1303 and 1356 has been recognised by its editor and by subsequent writers'. The book provides remarkable detail about the events it describes. Baker's text has been augmented with hundreds of notes, including extracts from other contemporary chronicles, such as the Annales Londonienses, Annales Paulini, Murimuth, Lanercost, Avesbury, Guisborough and Froissart to enrich the reader's understanding. The translation takes as its source the 'Chronicon Galfridi le Baker de Swynebroke' published in 1889, edited by Edward Maunde Thompson. Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback.

On 20th April 1977 Charles Burnett Buckworth-Herne-Soame 11th Baronet (age 82) died. His son Charles (age 44) succeeded 12th Baronet Buckworth-Herne-Soame of Sheen in Surrey.

On 20th April 1985 Ralph Stawell Dutton 8th Baron Sherborne (age 86) died unmarried. He was buried at All Saints Church, Hinton Ampner [Map]. Baron Sherborne extinct. He gave his estates, including Hinton Ampner House, Winchester, to the National Trust.