Abbot John Whethamstede’s Chronicle of the Abbey of St Albans

Abbot John Whethamstede's Register aka Chronicle of his second term at the Abbey of St Albans, 1451-1461, is a remarkable text that describes his first-hand experience of the beginning of the Wars of the Roses including the First and Second Battles of St Albans, 1455 and 1461, respectively, their cause, and their consequences, not least on the Abbey itself. His text also includes Loveday, Blore Heath, Northampton, the Act of Accord, Wakefield, and Towton, and ends with the Coronation of King Edward IV. In addition to the events of the Wars of the Roses, Abbot John, or his scribes who wrote the Chronicle, include details in the life of the Abbey such as charters, letters, land exchanges, visits by legates, and disputes, which provide a rich insight into the day-to-day life of the Abbey, and the challenges faced by its Abbot.

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Biography of Charles XI King Sweden 1655-1697

Maternal Family Tree: Gersenda II Sabran Countess Provence 1180-1242

On 24th November 1655 Charles XI King Sweden was born to Charles Gustav X King Sweden [aged 33] and Hedwig Eleonora Queen Consort Sweden [aged 19].

On 13th February 1660 [his father] Charles Gustav X King Sweden [aged 37] died. His son Charles [aged 4] succeeded XI King Sweden.

Samuel Pepys' Diary. 29th November 1666. "I doubt not of your lordship's hearing of Sir Thomas Clifford's [aged 36] succeeding Sir H. Pollard [deceased] in the Comptrollership of the King's house but perhaps our ill, but confirmed, tidings from the Barbadoes may not [have reached you] yet, it coming but yesterday; viz., that about eleven ships, whereof two of the King's, the Hope and Coventry, going thence with men to attack St. Christopher's, were seized by a violent hurricane, and all sunk-two only of thirteen escaping, and those with loss of masts, &c. My Lord Willoughby himself is involved in the disaster, and I think two ships thrown upon an island of the French, and so all the men, to 500, become their prisoners. 'Tis said, too, that eighteen Dutch men-of-war are passed the Channell, in order to meet with our Smyrna ships; and some, I hear, do fright us with the King of Sweden's [aged 11] seizing our mast-ships at Gottenburgh. But we have too much ill newes true, to afflict ourselves with what is uncertain. That which I hear from Scotland is, the Duke of York's [aged 33] saying, yesterday, that he is confident the Lieutenant-Generall there hath driven them into a pound, somewhere towards the mountains".

In 1668 Charles XI King Sweden [aged 12] was appointed 469th Knight of the Garter by King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland [aged 37].

On 6th May 1680 Charles XI King Sweden [aged 24] and Ulrika Eleonora Oldenburg [aged 23] were married. She the daughter of Frederick III King of Denmark and Sophie Amalie Hanover Queen Consort Denmark [aged 52]. He the son of Charles Gustav X King Sweden and Hedwig Eleonora Queen Consort Sweden [aged 43]. They were third cousin twice removed.

On 26th June 1681 [his daughter] Hedvig Sophia of Sweden was born to Charles XI King Sweden [aged 25] and [his wife] Ulrika Eleonora Oldenburg [aged 24]. She married 12th May 1698 her first cousin once removed Frederick IV Duke of Holstein Gottorp and had issue.

On 17th June 1682 [his son] Charles XII King of Sweden was born to Charles XI King Sweden [aged 26] and [his wife] Ulrika Eleonora Oldenburg [aged 25].

Marriage of Lady Anne and Prince George

On 28th July 1683 [his brother-in-law] Prince George of Denmark 1st Duke Cumberland [aged 30] and Queen Anne of England Scotland and Ireland [aged 18] were married at Chapel Royal, St James's Palace. She the daughter of King James II of England Scotland and Ireland [aged 49] and Anne Hyde Duchess of York. He the son of Frederick III King of Denmark and [his mother-in-law] Sophie Amalie Hanover Queen Consort Denmark [aged 55]. They were second cousin once removed.

On 23rd January 1688 [his daughter] Ulrika Eleonora Palatinate Zweibrücken Queen Consort Sweden was born to Charles XI King Sweden [aged 32] and [his wife] Ulrika Eleonora Oldenburg [aged 31]. She married 1715 her third cousin once removed Frederick I King Sweden, son of Charles I Landgrave Hesse-Kassel and Maria Amalia of Courland Landgravine Hesse-Kassel.

In 1689 [his brother-in-law] Prince George of Denmark 1st Duke Cumberland [aged 35] was created 1st Duke Cumberland by his father-in-law King James II of England Scotland and Ireland [aged 55]. Queen Anne of England Scotland and Ireland [aged 23] by marriage Duchess Cumberland.

On 26th July 1693 [his wife] Ulrika Eleonora Oldenburg [aged 36] died.

Anne Boleyn. Her Life as told by Lancelot de Carle's 1536 Letter.

In 1536, two weeks after the execution of Anne Boleyn, her brother George and four others, Lancelot du Carle, wrote an extraordinary letter that described Anne's life, and her trial and execution, to which he was a witness. This book presents a new translation of that letter, with additional material from other contemporary sources such as Letters, Hall's and Wriothesley's Chronicles, the pamphlets of Wynkyn the Worde, the Memorial of George Constantyne, the Portuguese Letter and the Baga de Secrets, all of which are provided in Appendices.

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On 5th April 1697 Charles XI King Sweden [aged 41] died.

Royal Ancestors of Charles XI King Sweden 1655-1697

Kings Wessex: Great x 19 Grand Son of King Edmund "Ironside" I of England

Kings Gwynedd: Great x 18 Grand Son of Owain "Great" King Gwynedd

Kings Seisyllwg: Great x 24 Grand Son of Hywel "Dda aka Good" King Seisyllwg King Deheubarth

Kings Powys: Great x 19 Grand Son of Maredudd ap Bleddyn King Powys

Kings Godwinson: Great x 18 Grand Son of King Harold II of England

Kings England: Great x 10 Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Kings Scotland: Great x 17 Grand Son of King Malcolm III of Scotland

Kings France: Great x 10 Grand Son of King John "The Good" II of France

Kings Duke Aquitaine: Great x 23 Grand Son of Ranulf I Duke Aquitaine

Kings Spain: Great x 7 Grand Son of John II King Aragon

Royal Descendants of Charles XI King Sweden 1655-1697
Number after indicates the number of unique routes of descent. Descendants of Kings and Queens not included.

Ulrika Eleonora Palatinate Zweibrücken Queen Consort Sweden [1]

Constantine I King Greece [1]

Alexandrine Mecklenburg-Schwerin Queen Consort Denmark [1]

Philip Mountbatten Duke Edinburgh [1]

Ancestors of Charles XI King Sweden 1655-1697

Charles XI King Sweden 7 x Great Grand Son of John II King Aragon

Mother: Hedwig Eleonora Queen Consort Sweden 6 x Great Grand Daughter of John II King Aragon

Great x 4 Grandfather: Henry IV Duke Saxony 9 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Great x 3 Grandfather: Augustus Wettin Elector of Saxony 10 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Great x 2 Grandfather: Christian Wettin I Elector Saxony 10 x Great Grand Son of King Philip III of France

Great x 4 Grandfather: Christian III King of Denmark 8 x Great Grand Son of King Philip III of France

Great x 3 Grandmother: Anna Oldenburg 9 x Great Grand Daughter of King Philip III of France

Great x 4 Grandmother: Dorothea of Saxe Lauenburg Queen Consort Denmark and Norway

Great x 1 Grandfather: John George Elector Saxony 10 x Great Grand Son of King Philip III of France

Great x 4 Grandfather: Joachim Hohenzollern Margrave of Brandenburg 8 x Great Grand Son of King Philip III of France

Great x 3 Grandfather: John George Hohenzollern Margrave of Brandenburg 9 x Great Grand Son of King Philip III of France

Great x 2 Grandmother: Sophie of Brandenburg 9 x Great Grand Daughter of King Philip III of France

Great x 4 Grandfather: George Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach 7 x Great Grand Son of King Philip III of France

Great x 3 Grandmother: Sabina of Brandenburg-Ansbach 8 x Great Grand Daughter of King Philip III of France

GrandMother: Marie Elisabeth of Saxony Duchess Holstein Gottorp 5 x Great Grand Daughter of John II King Aragon

Great x 3 Grandfather: Albert "The Elder" Hohenzollern I Duke Prussia 7 x Great Grand Son of King Philip III of France

Great x 4 Grandmother: Sophia Jagiellon Margravine of Brandenburg-Ansbach 6 x Great Grand Daughter of King Philip III of France

Great x 2 Grandfather: Albert Frederick Hohenzollern Duke Prussia 8 x Great Grand Son of King Philip III of France

Great x 4 Grandfather: Eric "The Elder" Guelph I Duke Brunswick-Lüneburg 8 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Great x 3 Grandmother: Anna Maria Guelph Duchess Prussia 9 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Great x 1 Grandmother: Magdalene Sibylle of Prussia 4 x Great Grand Daughter of John II King Aragon

Great x 4 Grandfather: John de la Marck III Duke Cleves 4 x Great Grand Son of King John "The Good" II of France

Great x 3 Grandfather: William de la Marck Duke of Jülich Cleves Berg 5 x Great Grand Son of King John "The Good" II of France

Great x 4 Grandmother: Maria Jülich Berg Duchess Cleves

Great x 2 Grandmother: Marie Eleonore de la Marck 3 x Great Grand Daughter of John II King Aragon

Great x 4 Grandfather: Ferdinand I Holy Roman Emperor Great Grand Son of John II King Aragon

Great x 3 Grandmother: Maria Habsburg Spain Duchess Cleves 2 x Great Grand Daughter of John II King Aragon

Great x 4 Grandmother: Anne Jagiellon 2 x Great Grand Daughter of John II King Aragon