Annals of the six Kings of England by Nicholas Trivet

Translation of the Annals of the Six Kings of England by that traces the rise and rule of the Angevin aka Plantagenet dynasty from the mid-12th to early 14th century. Written by the Dominican scholar Nicholas Trivet, the work offers a vivid account of English history from the reign of King Stephen through to the death of King Edward I, blending political narrative with moral reflection. Covering the reigns of six monarchs—from Stephen to Edward I—the chronicle explores royal authority, rebellion, war, and the shifting balance between crown, church, and nobility. Trivet provides detailed insight into defining moments such as baronial conflicts, Anglo-French rivalry, and the consolidation of royal power under Edward I, whose reign he describes with particular immediacy. The Annals combines careful year-by-year reporting with thoughtful interpretation, presenting history not merely as a sequence of events but as a moral and political lesson. Ideal for readers interested in medieval history, kingship, and the origins of the English state, this chronicle remains a valuable and accessible window into the turbulent world of the Plantagenet kings.

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Baron Raby of Raby Castle in County Durham

Summary

14th January 1833. 1st. William Henry Vane 1st Duke Cleveland [aged 66] created.

28th January 1842. 2nd. Son Henry Vane 2nd Duke Cleveland [aged 54] succeeded.

18th January 1864. 3rd. Brother William Vane 3rd Duke Cleveland [aged 71] succeeded.

6th September 1864. 4th. Brother Harry George Powlett 4th Duke Cleveland [aged 61] succeeded.

21st August 1891. 4th. Harry George Powlett 4th Duke Cleveland extinct.

The London Gazette 19103. Whitehall, January 14, 1833.

The King has been pleased to direct letters patent to be passed under the Great Seal, for granting the dignity of Duke of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, unto George Granville Marquess of Stafford [aged 75], Knight of the Most Noble Order of the Garter, and the heirs male of his body lawfully begotten, by the name, stile, and title of Duke of Sutherland, in that part of the said United Kingdom called Scotland. [Note. Elizabeth Sutherland Duchess Sutherland 19th Countess Sutherland [aged 67] by marriage Duchess Sutherland.]

The King has also been pleased to direct letters patent to be passed under the Great Seal, for granting the dignities of Baron and Duke of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, unto William Harry Marquess of Cleveland [aged 66], and the heirs male of his body lawfully begbtten, by the names, stiles, and titles of Baron Raby, of Raby-castle, in the county of Durham, and Duke of Cleveland.

The King has also been pleased to direct letters patent to be passed under the Great Seal, granting the dignity of a Baron of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, unto Charles Callis Western [aged 65], Esq. and the heirs male of his body lawfully begotten, by the name, stile, and title of Baron Western, of Rivenhall, in the county of Essex.