The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy

The Gesta Normannorum Ducum [The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy] is a landmark medieval chronicle tracing the rise and fall of the Norman dynasty from its early roots through the pivotal events surrounding the Norman Conquest of England. Originally penned in Latin by the monk William of Jumièges shortly before 1060 and later expanded at the behest of William the Conqueror, the work chronicles the deeds, politics, battles, and leadership of the Norman dukes, especially William’s own claim to the English throne. The narrative combines earlier historical sources with firsthand information and oral testimony to present an authoritative account of Normandy’s transformation from a Viking settlement into one of medieval Europe’s most powerful realms. William’s history emphasizes the legitimacy, military prowess, and governance of the Norman line, framing their expansion, including the conquest of England, as both divinely sanctioned and noble in purpose. Later chroniclers such as Orderic Vitalis and Robert of Torigni continued the history, extending the coverage into the 12th century, providing broader context on ducal rule and its impact. Today this classic work remains a foundational source for understanding Norman identity, medieval statesmanship, and the historical forces that reshaped England and Western Europe between 800AD and 1100AD.

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Biography of Margaret Wake Countess Kent 1297-1349

Paternal Family Tree: Wake

Maternal Family Tree: Clemence Roches Countess Blois

1314 Battle of Bannockburn

1327 Capture and Abdication of Edward II

1327 Death of King Edward II

1330 Execution of Edmund of Woodstock

1349 The Black Death

Before 24th September 1291 [her father] John Wake 1st Baron Wake of Liddell [aged 23] and [her mother] Joan Fiennes Baroness Wake Liddell were married. She by marriage Baroness Wake of Liddell. They were fourth cousin once removed. He a great x 2 grandson of King John of England. She a great x 4 granddaughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England.

On 20th March 1297 Margaret Wake Countess Kent was born to John Wake 1st Baron Wake of Liddell [aged 29] and Joan Fiennes Baroness Wake Liddell. She a great x 3 granddaughter of King John of England.

Around 4th October 1300 [her father] John Wake 1st Baron Wake of Liddell [aged 32] died. His son [her brother] Thomas [aged 3] succeeded 2nd Baron Wake of Liddell.

After 1305 [her brother] Thomas Wake 2nd Baron Wake of Liddell [aged 8] and [her sister-in-law] Blanche Plantagenet Baroness Wake Liddell were married. She by marriage Baroness Wake of Liddell. She the daughter of Henry Plantagenet 3rd Earl of Leicester 3rd Earl Lancaster [aged 24] and Maud Chaworth [aged 22]. They were half third cousin once removed. He a great x 3 grandson of King John of England. She a great granddaughter of King Henry III of England.

Before 26th October 1309 [her mother] Joan Fiennes Baroness Wake Liddell died.

Around 1312 John Comyn 4th Lord Baddenoch [aged 18] and Margaret Wake Countess Kent [aged 14] were married. They were half sixth cousins. She a great x 3 granddaughter of King John of England.

In 1314 [her husband] John Comyn 4th Lord Baddenoch [aged 20] succeeded 4th Lord Baddenoch. Margaret Wake Countess Kent [aged 16] by marriage Lord Baddenoch.

Battle of Bannockburn

On 24th June 1314 the Scottish army of King Robert the Bruce I of Scotland [aged 39] including, James "Black" Douglas [aged 28], heavily defeated the English army led by [her future brother-in-law] King Edward II of England [aged 30] at the Battle of Bannockburn.

Gilbert de Clare 8th Earl Gloucester 7th Earl Hertford [aged 23] was killed. Earl Gloucester, Earl Hertford extinct.

[her husband] John Comyn 4th Lord Baddenoch [aged 20], Robert Felton 1st Baron Felton [aged 44] and William Vesci were killed.

William Marshal 1st Baron Marshal [aged 36] was killed. His son John [aged 22] succeeded 2nd Baron Marshal.

Robert Clifford 1st Baron Clifford [aged 40] was killed. His son Roger [aged 14] succeeded 2nd Baron de Clifford.

John Lovell 2nd Baron Lovel [aged 25] was killed. His son John succeeded 3rd Baron Lovel of Titchmarsh.

Henry Bohun was killed by King Robert the Bruce I of Scotland. He was buried in Llanthony Secunda Priory, Gloucestershire [Map].

Walter Fauconberg 2nd Baron Fauconberg [aged 50] possilby died although his death is also reported as being on 31 Dec 1318.

Bartholomew Badlesmere 1st Baron Badlesmere [aged 38], Humphrey Bohun 4th Earl Hereford 3rd Earl Essex [aged 38], Goronwy ap Tudur Hen Tudor, Henry Beaumont Earl Buchan [aged 35], Aymer de Valence 2nd Earl Pembroke [aged 39] and Robert Umfraville 8th Earl Angus [aged 37] fought.

Pain Tiptoft 1st Baron Tibetot [aged 34] was killed. His son John succeeded 2nd Baron Tibetot.

John Montfort 2nd Baron Montfort [aged 23] was killed. Peter Montfort 3rd Baron Montfort [aged 23] succeeded 3rd Baron Montfort.

Thomas Grey [aged 34] undertook a suicidal charge that contributed to the English defeat and subsequently blemished his career.

William Latimer 2nd Baron Latimer of Corby [aged 38] was captured.

Michael Poynings [aged 44] was killed.

In 1321 [her future husband] Edmund of Woodstock 1st Earl Kent [aged 19] was created 1st Earl Kent.

In 1325 Edmund of Woodstock 1st Earl Kent [aged 23] and Margaret Wake Countess Kent [aged 27] were married. She by marriage Countess Kent. He the son of King Edward I of England and Margaret of France Queen Consort England. They were half second cousin twice removed. She a great x 3 granddaughter of King John of England.

The True Chronicles of Jean le Bel Volume 1 Chapters 1-60 1307-1342

The True Chronicles of Jean le Bel offer one of the most vivid and immediate accounts of 14th-century Europe, written by a knight who lived through the events he describes, and experienced some of them first hand. Covering the early decades of the Hundred Years’ War, this remarkable chronicle follows the campaigns of Edward III of England, the politics of France and the Low Countries, and the shifting alliances that shaped medieval warfare. Unlike later historians, Jean le Bel writes with a strong sense of eyewitness authenticity, drawing on personal experience and the testimony of fellow soldiers. His narrative captures not only battles and sieges, but also the realities of military life, diplomacy, and the ideals of chivalry that governed noble society. A key source for Jean Froissart, Le Bel’s chronicle stands on its own as a compelling and insightful work, at once historical record and literary achievement. This translation builds on the 1905 edition published in French by Jules Viard, adding extensive translations from other sources Rymer's Fœdera, the Chronicles of Adam Murimuth, William Nangis, Walter of Guisborough, a Bourgeois of Valenciennes, Geoffrey le Baker of Swinbroke and Richard Lescot to enrich the original text and Viard's notes.

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In 1326 [her son] Edmund Plantagenet 2nd Earl Kent was born to [her husband] Edmund of Woodstock 1st Earl Kent [aged 24] and Margaret Wake Countess Kent [aged 28]. He a grandson of King Edward I of England. He died aged five in 1331.

Before 12th October 1326 [her brother-in-law] Thomas of Brotherton 1st Earl Norfolk [aged 26] and Alice Hales Countess Norfolk were married. She by marriage Countess Norfolk. He the son of King Edward I of England and Margaret of France Queen Consort England.

In 1327 [her daughter] Margaret Plantagenet was born to [her husband] Edmund of Woodstock 1st Earl Kent [aged 25] and Margaret Wake Countess Kent [aged 29]. She a granddaughter of King Edward I of England.

Capture and Abdication of Edward II

On 25th January 1327 [her brother-in-law] King Edward II of England [aged 42] abdicated King of England. His son Edward [aged 14] succeeded III King of England.

Death of King Edward II

On 21st September 1327 [her brother-in-law] King Edward II of England [aged 43] was murdered at Berkeley Castle [Map]. There is speculation as to the manner of his death, and as to whether he died at all. Some believe he may have lived the rest of his life in Europe - see Publications de la Société Archéologique de Montpellier 1877: Fieschi Letter.

On 29th September 1328 [her daughter] Joan "Fair Maid of Kent" Princess Wales was born to [her husband] Edmund of Woodstock 1st Earl Kent [aged 27] and Margaret Wake Countess Kent [aged 31] at Woodstock Palace, Oxfordshire [Map]. She a granddaughter of King Edward I of England. She married (1) March 1340 her fourth cousin once removed Thomas Holland 1st Earl Kent, son of Robert Holland 1st Baron Holand and Maud Zouche Baroness Holand, and had issue (2) November 1340 William Montagu 2nd Earl Salisbury, son of William Montagu 1st Earl Salisbury and Catherine Grandison Countess of Salisbury (3) 10th October 1361 her half first cousin once removed Edward "Black Prince", son of King Edward III of England and Philippa of Hainaut Queen Consort England, and had issue.

Execution of Edmund of Woodstock

On 19th March 1330 the King's uncle [her husband] Edmund of Woodstock 1st Earl Kent [aged 28] was beheaded at Winchester Castle [Map]. Earl Kent forfeit. Edmund had been convicted of plotting against the court believing his brother [her brother-in-law] King Edward II was still alive. It later emerged the plot had been created by Roger Mortimer 1st Earl March [aged 42] to entrap Edmund. King Edward III of England [aged 17] was unable to show leniency risking complicity in the plot. He was buried at Westminster Abbey [Map].

See Parliament Rolls, Chronicle of Geoffrey le Baker of Swinbroke,

Chronicle of Walter of Guisborough,

Knighton 2555, and

Adam Murimuth Continuation.

On 7th April 1330 [her son] John Plantagenet 3rd Earl Kent was born to [her former husband] Edmund of Woodstock 1st Earl Kent [deceased] and Margaret Wake Countess Kent [aged 33] at Arundel Castle [Map]. He a grandson of King Edward I of England. He married 3rd April 1348 his half second cousin once removed Isabella aka Elizabeth Julich Countess Kent, daughter of William Jülich V Duke Jülich and Joanna Hainaut Duchess Guelders.

Before 5th October 1331 [her son] Edmund Plantagenet 2nd Earl Kent [aged 5] died. His brother John [aged 1] succeeded 3rd Earl Kent.

Around March 1340 [her son-in-law] Thomas Holland 1st Earl Kent [aged 26] and Joan "Fair Maid of Kent" Princess Wales [aged 11] were married in secret. It isn't clear whether the marriage was canonical given the secrecy; there were no witnesses. She twelve years old. A subsequent investigation by papal commissioners confirmed it as valid. She the daughter of Edmund of Woodstock 1st Earl Kent and Margaret Wake Countess Kent [aged 42]. They were fourth cousin once removed. He a great x 4 grandson of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England. She a granddaughter of King Edward I of England.

Around November 1340 [her son-in-law] William Montagu 2nd Earl Salisbury [aged 12] and Joan "Fair Maid of Kent" Princess Wales [aged 12] were married. She was already married albeit secretly to Thomas Holland 1st Earl Kent [aged 26]. The subsequent investigation found her marriage to Thomas Holland 1st Earl Kent to be valid. She the daughter of Edmund of Woodstock 1st Earl Kent and Margaret Wake Countess Kent [aged 43]. He the son of William Montagu 1st Earl Salisbury [aged 39] and Catherine Grandison Countess of Salisbury [aged 36].

On 3rd April 1348 John Plantagenet 3rd Earl Kent [aged 17] and Isabella aka Elizabeth Julich Countess Kent [aged 18] were married. She by marriage Countess Kent. She the daughter of William Jülich V Duke Jülich [aged 49] and Joanna Hainaut Duchess Guelders [aged 33]. He the son of Edmund of Woodstock 1st Earl Kent and Margaret Wake Countess Kent [aged 51]. They were half second cousin once removed. He a grandson of King Edward I of England. She a great x 5 granddaughter of King Stephen I England.

On 31st May 1349 [her brother] Thomas Wake 2nd Baron Wake of Liddell [aged 52] died. He was buried at Haltemprice Priory [Map]. His sister Margaret [aged 52] succeeded 3rd Baroness Wake of Liddell.

The Black Death

On 29th September 1349 Margaret Wake Countess Kent [aged 52] died of plague. Her son John [aged 19] succeeded 4th Baron Wake of Liddell and inherited her dower lands and the estates she had inherited from her brother Thomas Wake 2nd Baron Wake of Liddell.

Margaret Wake Countess Kent 1297-1349 appears on the following Descendants Family Trees:

Royal Ancestors of Margaret Wake Countess Kent 1297-1349

Kings Wessex: Great x 9 Grand Daughter of King Edmund "Ironside" I of England

Kings Gwynedd: Great x 4 Grand Daughter of Owain "Great" King Gwynedd

Kings Seisyllwg: Great x 10 Grand Daughter of Hywel "Dda aka Good" King Seisyllwg King Deheubarth

Kings Powys: Great x 5 Grand Daughter of Maredudd ap Bleddyn King Powys

Kings England: Great x 3 Grand Daughter of King John of England

Kings Scotland: Great x 7 Grand Daughter of King Malcolm III of Scotland

Kings France: Great x 9 Grand Daughter of Hugh I King of the Franks

Kings Duke Aquitaine: Great x 13 Grand Daughter of Ranulf I Duke Aquitaine

Kings Spain: Great x 5 Grand Daughter of Alfonso VII King Castile VII King Leon

Royal Descendants of Margaret Wake Countess Kent 1297-1349
Number after indicates the number of unique routes of descent. Descendants of Kings and Queens not included.

King Richard II of England [1]

Joan Beaufort Queen Consort Scotland [1]

King Edward IV of England [1]

King Richard III of England [1]

Anne Neville Queen Consort England [1]

King Henry VII of England and Ireland [1]

Catherine Parr Queen Consort England [1]

Jane Grey I Queen England and Ireland [1]

George Wharton [5]

Brigadier-General Charles Fitz-Clarence [24]

Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom [97]

Queen Consort Camilla Shand [26]

Diana Spencer Princess Wales [265]

Ancestors of Margaret Wake Countess Kent 1297-1349

Great x 1 Grandfather: Hugh Wake

GrandFather: Baldwin Wake

Great x 2 Grandfather: Nicholas Stuteville

Great x 1 Grandmother: Joan Stuteville

Father: John Wake 1st Baron Wake of Liddell 2 x Great Grand Son of King John of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Saer Quincy

Great x 3 Grandfather: Robert Quincy 8 x Great Grand Son of King Edward "Elder" of the Anglo Saxons

Great x 4 Grandmother: Maud Senlis 7 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward "Elder" of the Anglo Saxons

Great x 2 Grandfather: Saer Quincy 1st Earl Winchester 9 x Great Grand Son of King Edward "Elder" of the Anglo Saxons

Great x 1 Grandfather: Robert Quincy 6 x Great Grand Son of Hugh I King of the Franks

Great x 4 Grandfather: Robert Beaumont 2nd Earl of Leicester 3 x Great Grand Son of Hugh I King of the Franks

Great x 3 Grandfather: Robert Beaumont 3rd Earl of Leicester 4 x Great Grand Son of Hugh I King of the Franks

Great x 4 Grandmother: Amice Gael Countess Leicester

Great x 2 Grandmother: Margaret Beaumont Countess Winchester 5 x Great Grand Daughter of Hugh I King of the Franks

Great x 4 Grandfather: William Grandesmil

Great x 3 Grandmother: Petronilla Grandesmil Countess Leicester

GrandMother: Hawise Quincy Great Grand Daughter of King John of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Owain "Great" King Gwynedd Son of King Gruffudd ap Cynan of Gwynedd

Great x 3 Grandfather: Iorwerth "Drwyndwn aka Flat Nosed" Aberffraw Son of Owain "Great" King Gwynedd

Great x 4 Grandmother: Gwladus Unknown Queen Consort Gwynedd

Great x 2 Grandfather: Llewellyn "The Great" Aberffraw Grand Son of Owain "Great" King Gwynedd

Great x 4 Grandfather: Madog ap Maredudd Mathrafal Prince Powys Son of Maredudd ap Bleddyn King Powys

Great x 3 Grandmother: Marared ferch Madog Mathrafal Grand Daughter of King Gruffudd ap Cynan of Gwynedd

Great x 4 Grandmother: Susanna Aberffraw Daughter of King Gruffudd ap Cynan of Gwynedd

Great x 1 Grandmother: Elen ferch Llewellyn Aberffraw Countess Huntingdon and Mar Grand Daughter of King John of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England Grand Son of King Henry I "Beauclerc" England

Great x 3 Grandfather: King John of England Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Eleanor of Aquitaine Queen Consort Franks and England 4 x Great Grand Daughter of Hugh I King of the Franks

Great x 2 Grandmother: Joan Plantagenet Daughter of King John of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Hamelin Warenne Earl of Surrey 10 x Great Grand Son of Charles "Charlemagne aka Great" King of the Franks King Lombardy Holy Roman Emperor

Great x 3 Grandmother: Adela Plantagenet 5 x Great Grand Daughter of Hugh I King of the Franks

Great x 4 Grandmother: Isabella Warenne Countess Boulogne 4th Countess of Surrey 4 x Great Grand Daughter of Hugh I King of the Franks

Margaret Wake Countess Kent 3 x Great Grand Daughter of King John of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Eustace Fiennes

Great x 3 Grandfather: Engeurrand "Crusader" Fiennes

Great x 4 Grandmother: Alix Unknown

Great x 2 Grandfather: William Fiennes 8 x Great Grand Son of King Edward "Elder" of the Anglo Saxons

Great x 4 Grandfather: Guillaume Flanders 6 x Great Grand Son of King Edward "Elder" of the Anglo Saxons

Great x 3 Grandmother: Sibylle Flanders 7 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward "Elder" of the Anglo Saxons

Great x 1 Grandfather: Enguerrand Ingleram Fiennes 9 x Great Grand Son of King Edward "Elder" of the Anglo Saxons

Great x 3 Grandfather: Alberic Dammartin

Great x 2 Grandmother: Agnes Dammartin 10 x Great Grand Daughter of Charles "Charlemagne aka Great" King of the Franks King Lombardy Holy Roman Emperor

Great x 3 Grandmother: Mathilde Clermont 9 x Great Grand Daughter of Charles "Charlemagne aka Great" King of the Franks King Lombardy Holy Roman Emperor

Great x 4 Grandmother: Adelaide I Countess Vermandois 8 x Great Grand Daughter of Charles "Charlemagne aka Great" King of the Franks King Lombardy Holy Roman Emperor

GrandFather: William Fiennes 10 x Great Grand Son of King Edward "Elder" of the Anglo Saxons

Great x 1 Grandmother: Isabel Provence

Mother: Joan Fiennes Baroness Wake Liddell 4 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Great x 3 Grandfather: Erard Brienne II Count Brienne

Great x 2 Grandfather: John de Brienne I King Jerusalem

Great x 4 Grandfather: Amadeus Montfaucon

Great x 3 Grandmother: Agnès Montfaucon Countess Brienne

Great x 1 Grandfather: John Beaumont 2 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Ferdinand II King Leon Son of Alfonso VII King Castile VII King Leon

Great x 3 Grandfather: Alfonso IX King Leon Grand Son of Alfonso VII King Castile VII King Leon

Great x 4 Grandmother: Urraca Burgundy Queen Consort Leon 4 x Great Grand Daughter of Hugh I King of the Franks

Great x 2 Grandmother: Beregaria Ivrea Great Grand Daughter of Alfonso VII King Castile VII King Leon

Great x 4 Grandfather: Alfonso VIII King Castile Grand Son of Alfonso VII King Castile VII King Leon

Great x 3 Grandmother: Berengaria Ivrea I Queen Castile Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Eleanor Plantagenet Queen Consort Castile Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

GrandMother: Blanche Beaumont 3 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Great x 3 Grandfather: Geoffrey Chateaudun V Viscount Châteaudun

Great x 4 Grandmother: Jeanne Preuiily Viscountess Châteaudun

Great x 2 Grandfather: Geoffrey Chateaudun VI Viscount Châteaudun

Great x 1 Grandmother: Jeanne Chateaudun

Great x 2 Grandmother: Clemence Roches Countess Blois