Biography of King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland 1600-1649

On 23rd November 1589 [his father] King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland (age 23) and [his mother] Anne of Denmark Queen Consort Scotland England and Ireland (age 14) were married at Bishop's Palace. She by marriage Queen Consort Scotland. She the daughter of [his grandfather] Frederick II King of Denmark and [his grandmother] Sophie Mecklenburg-Schwerin Queen Consort Denmark (age 32). He the son of [his grandfather] Henry "Lord Darnley" Stewart and [his grandmother] Mary Queen of Scots. They were third cousin once removed. He a great x 2 grandson of King Henry VII of England and Ireland.

On 19th November 1600 King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland was born to [his father] King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland (age 34) and [his mother] Anne of Denmark Queen Consort Scotland England and Ireland (age 25) at Dunfermline Palace, Dunfermline.

On 24th March 1603 [his brother] Henry Frederick Stewart Prince of Wales (age 9) was created Duke of Cornwall.

On 14th June 1603 [his brother] Henry Frederick Stewart Prince of Wales (age 9) was appointed 393rd Knight of the Garter by [his father] King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland (age 36).

On 15th August 1604 and 16th August 1604 Prince Charles (age 3) and Alexander Seton (age 49) lodged at the Leicester townhouse of William Skipwith (age 40) on their way to London.

In 1607 Robert "The Elder" Peake (age 56) was appointed Sarjeant Painter to [his father] King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland (age 40) sharing the office with John Critz (age 56).

On 16th September 1607 [his sister] Princess Mary Stewart (age 2) died of pneumonia at the Stanwell Park Stanwell, Surrey home of Thomas Knyvet 1st Baron Knyvet (age 62) in whose care she had been placed. As soon as Mary died, the Earl of Worcester (age 57), the Earl of Leicester (age 43) and the Earl of Totnes (age 52) went to Hampton Court Palace [Map], to inform the [his mother] Queen (age 32) of her daughter's death. Seeing the three men before her, Queen Anne realized what had happened and spared the men the task of telling her.

On 22nd June 1610 William Seymour 2nd Duke of Somerset (age 22) and Arabella Stewart (age 35) were married in secret at Palace of Placentia, Greenwich [Map]. For having married without permission [his father] King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland (age 44) had Arabella Stewart imprisoned in Sir Thomas Perry's House, Lambeth and he in the Tower of London [Map]. She the daughter of Charles Stewart 5th Earl Lennox and Elizabeth Cavendish Countess Lennox. They were third cousin once removed. He a great x 3 grandson of King Henry VII of England and Ireland. She a great x 2 granddaughter of King Henry VII of England and Ireland.

In 1611 King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland (age 10) was appointed 405th Knight of the Garter by [his father] King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland (age 44).

In 1611 Maximilian Colt (age 36) carved 'a crown on the head of the Duke of York's (age 10) barge,' and in the following years he was employed in decorating the king's and queen's private barges. The last payment for this work was made on 14th October 1624.

In 1611 Robert "The Elder" Peake (age 60). Portrait of King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland (age 10) in his Garter Robes and Leg Garter.

On 24th March 1611 Robert Carr 1st Earl Somerset (age 24) was created 1st Viscount Rochester and admitted to the Privy Council. Robert Carr 1st Earl Somerset was now the [his father] Kings (age 44) favourite.

Before 1612 John Eyre (age 31) was appointed Gentleman of the Privy Chamber and received a gift of £500 from [his father] King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland (age 45). He served to at least 1632.

Around 1612 Henry Vane "The Elder" (age 22) and Frances Darcy (age 21) were married. She being one of the heirs, possibly the only heir, of her father Thomas Darcy. She brought considerable wealth to the marriage as evidenced by Henry's subsequent spending on court positions. Immediately after the marriage Vane writes... I put myself into court, and bought a carver's place by means of the friendship of Sir Thomas Overbury (age 31), which cost me £5,000.' Next year he devoted the £3,000 of his wife's portion to purchasing from Sir Edward Gorges a third part of the subpoena office in chancery, and later so ingratiated himself with the [his father] king (age 45) that James gave him the reversion of the whole office for forty years.

On 10th July 1613 Robert "The Elder" Peake (age 62) was paid £13.6s.8d. by the vice-chancellor of the University of Cambridge, "in full satisfaction for Prince Charles (age 12) his picture", for a full-length portrait which is still in the Cambridge University Library.

On 3rd February 1614 Robert Ker 1st Earl Roxburghe (age 44) and Jean Drummond Countess Roxburghe (age 29) were married at Somerset House [Map]. She, Jean, was the sister of his son-in-law John Drummond 2nd Earl Perth (age 26) who had married his daughter Jean Ker Countess Perth. The wedding was attended by the [his father] King (age 47) and [his mother] Queen (age 39). There was a masque Hymen's Triumph written by Samuel Daniel.

After August 1614 George Villiers 1st Duke of Buckingham (age 21) was appointed Cupbearer to [his father] King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland (age 48).

In 1617 Archbishop John Williams (age 34) was appointed Chaplain to [his father] King James I (age 50).

In 1617 Sir David Foulis sold Henry Vane "The Elder" (age 27) the post of cofferer to the Prince of Wales (age 16), and he continued to hold this office after Charles had become king.

On 5th January 1617 George Villiers 1st Duke of Buckingham (age 24) was created 1st Earl Buckingham by [his father] King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland (age 50); his favourite.

On 29th September 1617 John Villiers 1st Viscount Purbeck (age 26) and Frances Coke Viscountess Purbeck (age 15) were married at Hampton Court Palace, Richmond [Map]. [his father] King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland (age 51) gave away the bride. He the son of George Villiers of Brokesby and Mary Beaumont 1st Countess Buckingham (age 47).

On 2nd October 1617 Edward Fitton 1st Baronet (age 44) was created 1st Baronet Fitton of Gawsworth Hall by [his father] King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland (age 51).

On 2nd March 1619 [his mother] Anne of Denmark Queen Consort Scotland England and Ireland (age 44) died.

On 4th November 1619 [his brother-in-law] Frederick Palatinate Simmern V Elector Palatine Rhine (age 23) was crowned King Bohemia. [his sister] Princess Elizabeth Stewart Queen Bohemia (age 23) crowned Queen Consort Bohemia.

In 1621 Archbishop John Williams (age 38) was appointed Lord Keeper of the Great Seal by [his father] King James I (age 54).

In 1621 Archbishop John Williams (age 38) was appointed Bishop of Lincoln by [his father] King James I (age 54).

On 4th January 1621 Charles Wilmot 1st Viscount Wilmot (age 49) was created 1st Viscount Wilmot of Athlone by King Charles I (age 20) as a reward for his activities in Ireland.

On 8th January 1621 Mountjoy Blount 1st Earl Newport (age 24) took part in a Masque before King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland (age 20) staged by James Hay 1st Earl Carlisle (age 41) at Essex House.

On 22nd January 1621 John Ramsay 1st Earl Holderness (age 41) was created 1st Earl Holderness by [his father] King James I (age 54).

Around February 1621 Francis Norreys 1st Earl Berkshire (age 41) was imprisoned for attacking Emanuel Scrope 1st Earl of Sunderland (age 36) in front of the House of Lords in the presence the future King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland (age 20) at Fleet Prison [Map].

In 1622 William Feilding 1st Earl Denbigh (age 35) was appointed Master of the Great Wardrobe to [his father] King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland (age 55).

In 1623 Ludovic Stewart 2nd Duke Lennox 1st Duke Richmond (age 48) was created 1st Duke Richmond, 1st Earl Newcastle upon Tyne by [his father] King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland (age 56). Frances Howard Duchess Lennox and Richmond (age 44) by marriage Duchess Richmond.

On 18th May 1623 George Villiers 1st Duke of Buckingham (age 30) was created 1st Duke of Buckingham by [his father] King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland (age 56) for being his favourite; what favourite means is open to debate. Katherine Manners Duchess Buckingham (age 21) by marriage Duchess of Buckingham.

On 8th July 1624 Thomas Vyner 1st Baronet (age 35) was appointed Comptroller of the Mint by [his father] King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland (age 58).

In 1625 Robert Heath (age 49) was appointed Attorney General by King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland (age 24).

On 5th February 1626 James Ley 1st Earl of Marlborough (age 74) was created 1st Earl Marlborough by King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland (age 25). Jane Boteler Countess Marlborough by marriage Countess Marlborough.

In 1627 William Armine 1st Baronet (age 33) refused to collect an arbitrary "loan" which the King (age 26) had attempted to impose on Lincolnshire, and was imprisoned as a result.

In 3rd March 1627 Bryan Maguire 1st Baron of Enniskillen (age 38) was created 1st Baron Enniskillen by [his father] King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland.

On 13th May 1629 [his son] Charles James Stewart was born to King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland (age 28) and [his wife] Henrietta Maria Bourbon Queen Consort England (age 19). He died the same day.

On 10th August 1629 Henry Carey 1st Viscount Falkland (age 54) was directed to hand over his authority as Lord Deputy of Ireland to the lords justices on the pretext that his services were required in England. King Charles I (age 28), recognising his good intentions, continued to hold him in favour.

Around 1630 Cecilia Crofts (age 20) was appointed Maid of Honour to [his wife] Henrietta Maria Bourbon Queen Consort England (age 20).

In 1630 Ralph Dutton (age 55) was appointed Gentleman of the Privy Chamber to King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland (age 29).

On 29th May 1630 [his son] King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland was born to King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland (age 29) and [his wife] Henrietta Maria Bourbon Queen Consort England (age 20) at St James's Palace [Map]. He was created Duke of Cornwall and Duke Rothesay the same day. He married 21st May 1662 Catherine of Braganza Queen Consort England, daughter of John IV King Portugal and Luisa de Guzman Queen Consort Portugal.

In January 1631 Frederick Cornwallis 1st Baron Cornwallis (age 19) and Elizabeth Ashburnham (age 18) were married. After the wedding King Charles I (age 30), [his wife] Henrietta Maria (age 21) and Susan Feilding, Countess of Denbigh (age 48) wrote to congratulate his mother Jane, Baroness Cornwallis Bacon (age 50), and ask her to forgive him for his disobedience and return him to her favour. Denbigh said Ashburnham was her cousin "though her family be unfortunate".

On 5th July 1631 Edmund Waller (age 25) and Anne Banks were married in defiance of orders of the Privy Council of England and the Court of Aldermen of the City of London whose ward she was. Her father had left her £8000 when he died a year earlier. The Aldermen made a complaint to the Star Chamber, seeking that for the offence of marrying Anne without the court's permission the whole of the Banks fortune should be forfeited to the City of London, but they were denied such an outcome by a pardon from King Charles (age 30), who took a more tolerant view of the matter. Waller was then summoned to appear before the Court of Aldermen in December 1631, when he agreed to make a jointure of £1,000 a year to his wife, also giving her the power to spend £2,000 of her inheritance, and the Court accepted this proposal but fined him 500 marks.

On 4th November 1631 [his daughter] Mary Stewart Princess Orange was born to King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland (age 30) and [his wife] Henrietta Maria Bourbon Queen Consort England (age 21). She married 2nd May 1641 William Orange Nassau II Prince Orange and had issue.

In 1633 Anthony Van Dyck (age 33). Portrait of King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland (age 32) known as Charles I with M.De St Antoine.

On 14th October 1633 [his son] James, Duke of York was born to King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland (age 32) and [his wife] Henrietta Maria Bourbon Queen Consort England (age 23) at St James's Palace [Map]. He was created 1st Duke York at birth by his father. He married (1) 3rd September 1660 Anne Hyde Duchess of York, daughter of Edward Hyde 1st Earl Clarendon and Frances Aylesbury Countess Clarendon, and had issue (2) 20th September 1673 Mary of Modena Queen Consort England Scotland and Ireland and had issue.

On 19th December 1635 Mary Witham 1st Baronetess Bolles (age 56) was created 1st Lady Bolles then Jobson of Osberton by King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland (age 35). Possibly the only time a woman has been created a Baronet. There are examples of the widows of Baronets being given the rank of Baronet.

On 28th December 1635 [his daughter] Elizabeth Stewart was born to King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland (age 35) and [his wife] Henrietta Maria Bourbon Queen Consort England (age 26).

In 1636 Stephen Goffe (age 31) was appointed chaplain to King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland (age 35) on the recommendation of Henry Jermyn 1st Earl St Albans (age 30).

Around 1637 Anthony Van Dyck (age 37). Portrait of King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland (age 36).

In May 1638 George Stewart 9th Seigneur D'Aubigny (age 19) and Catherine Howard Countess Newburgh were married. They married in secret against the wishes of King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland (age 37). She the daughter of Theophilus Howard 2nd Earl Suffolk (age 55) and Elizabeth Home Countess Suffolk. He the son of Esmé Stewart 3rd Duke Lennox and Katherine Clifton Duchess Lennox. They were half fifth cousin once removed.

In 1640 Robert Heath (age 64) was appointed Lord Chief Justice by King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland (age 39).

On 21st January 1640 Mountjoy Blount 1st Earl Newport (age 43) participated with King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland (age 39) in the extravagant masque on the theme of Philogenes, royal Lover of the People.

After April 1640 Peter Ball was appointed Attorney General to [his wife] Henrietta Maria Bourbon Queen Consort England (age 30).

On 8th July 1640 [his son] Henry Stewart 1st Duke Gloucester was born to King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland (age 39) and [his wife] Henrietta Maria Bourbon Queen Consort England (age 30).

In 1641 Charles Cotterell (age 25) was appointed Master of the Ceremonies by King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland (age 40).

In 1641 Philip Herbert 4th Earl Pembroke 1st Earl Montgomery (age 56) struck Henry Howard 15th or 22nd Earl of Arundel 5th Earl of Surrey 2nd Earl Norfolk (age 32) with a cane during a Meeting in the House of Lords. King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland (age 40) replaced him as Lord Chamberlain with Robert Devereux 3rd Earl Essex (age 49).

In 1641 James Stewart 4th Duke Lennox 1st Duke Richmond (age 28) was created 1st Duke Richmond by King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland (age 40). Mary Villiers Duchess Lennox Duchess Richmond (age 19) by marriage Duchess Richmond.

In 1641 Elizabeth Darcy 1st Countess Rivers (age 60) was created 1st Countess Rivers for life by King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland (age 40) since she had been passed over when her father's Earldom Countess Rivers passed from her father to her eldest son John Savage 2nd Earl Rivers (age 37).

In 1641 Alexander Leslie 1st Earl Leven (age 61) was created 1st Earl Leven by King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland (age 40).

On 2nd May 1641 [his son-in-law] William Orange Nassau II Prince Orange (age 14) and [his daughter] Mary Stewart Princess Orange (age 9) were married. She the daughter of King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland (age 40) and [his wife] Henrietta Maria Bourbon Queen Consort England (age 31).

In 1642 [his nephew] Prince Rupert Palatinate Simmern 1st Duke Cumberland (age 22) was appointed 440th Knight of the Garter by his uncle King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland (age 41).

In June 1642 William Cavendish 3rd Earl Devonshire (age 24) was with King Charles I (age 41) at York [Map].

On 13th October 1642 King Charles I (age 41) stayed the night at the house of William Cavendish 3rd Earl Devonshire (age 25) at Latimer House, Chesham.

On 18th October 1642 King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland (age 41) stayed at Aston Hall, Warwickshire.

On 28th February 1643 Henry Hunloke 1st Baronet (age 25) was created 1st Baronet Hunloke of Wingerworth in Derbyshire by King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland (age 42).

On 14th May 1643 [his brother-in-law] Louis XIII King France (age 41) died. His son Louis (age 4) succeeded XIV King France: Capet Valois Bourbon.

In 1644 [his nephew] Prince Rupert Palatinate Simmern 1st Duke Cumberland (age 24) was created 1st Duke Cumberland, 1st Earl Holderness by King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland (age 43).

On 23rd May 1644 Alice Leigh 1st Duchess Dudley (age 66) was created 1st Duchess Dudley by King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland (age 43) for life. Her husband Robert Dudley (age 69) had claimed to be the legitimate son of Robert Dudley 1st Earl of Leicester but the Star Chamber found against him. King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland disagreed with their verdict and, in compensation of her subsequent treatment, awarded her the Dukedom... See Patent of Creation.

On 16th June 1644 [his daughter] Princess Henrietta Stewart Duchess Orléans was born to King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland (age 43) and [his wife] Henrietta Maria Bourbon Queen Consort England (age 34) at Bedford House Exeter, Devon. John Hinton (age 40) was in attendance. She married 31st March 1661 her first cousin Philip Bourbon I Duke Orléans, son of Louis XIII King France and Anne of Austria Spain Queen Consort France, and had issue.

On 6th October 1644 [his sister-in-law] Elisabeth Bourbon Queen Consort Spain (age 41) died.

On 12th April 1645 Colonel William Legge was appointed Groom of the Bedchamber to King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland (age 44).

On 8th July 1645 Francis Hawley 1st Baron Hawley (age 37) was created 1st Baron Hawley of Donsmore by King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland (age 44).

Archaeologia Cambrensis 1820 Page 464. Sept. 21. "The King (age 44) passed through Mountgomeryshyre, and lay that night at Llan Fyllin. The next day, the 22d Sept., the King marched from Llan Fyllin by Brithdir, where he dined? and gave proclamation among his souldiers, that they should not plunder any thing in Denbyshire, and thence through Mochnant to Cevn hir Fynydd, and so along the tops of the mountains to Chirk Castle [Map]. The rest of the forces marched to Llan-Silin. The next day after, being Tuesday, the King advanced towards Chester.

In May 1646 King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland (age 45) surrendered.

After January 1647 John Coke (age 40) was one of the nine commissioners appointed to take charge of King Charles I (age 46) at Holdenby House, Northamptonshire [Map].

On 19th May 1648 Colonel William Legge was imprisoned at Arundel Castle [Map] for having supported King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland (age 47) in his escape from Hampton Court Palace, Richmond [Map].

On 9th February 1649 King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland (deceased) was buried in the Henry VIII Vault, St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle [Map] without ceremony.

Memoirs of Jean Francois Paul de Gondi Cardinal de Retz Book 1. The 24th of February, 1649, the Parliament's deputies waited on the Queen (age 10) with an account of the audience granted to the envoy of the Archduke. The Queen told them that they should not have given audience to the envoy, but that, seeing they had done it, it was absolutely necessary to think of a good peace, that she was entirely well disposed; and the Duc d'Orléans and the Prince de Conde promised the deputies to throw open all the passages as soon as the Parliament should name commissioners for the treaty.

Flamarin being sent at the same time into the city from the Duc d'Orléans to condole with the [his former wife] Queen of England (age 39) on the death of her husband (deceased) (King Charles I.), went, at La Riviere's solicitation, to M. de La Rochefoucault, whom he found in his bed on account of his wounds and quite wearied with the civil war, and persuaded him to come over to the Court interest. He told Flamarin that he had been drawn into this war much against his inclinations, and that, had he returned from Poitou two months before the siege of Paris, he would have prevented Madame de Longueville engaging in so vile a cause, but that I had taken the opportunity of his absence to engage both her and the Prince de Conti, that he found the engagements too far advanced to be possibly dissolved, that the diabolical Coadjutor would not bear of any terms of peace, and also stopped the ears of the Prince de Conti and Madame de Longueville, and that he himself could not act as he would because of his bad state of health. I was informed of Flamarin's negotiations for the Court interest, and, as the term of his passport had expired, ordered the 'prevot des marchands' to command him to depart from the city.

On 13th May 1659 [his son] Henry Stewart 1st Duke Gloucester (age 18) was created 1st Duke Gloucester, 1st Earl Cambridge by King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland.

On 9th July 1659 Colonel Roger Whitley of Peel in Cheshire (age 41) was granted arms by King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland.

In 1660 Thomas Howard 5th Duke of Norfolk (age 32) was restored 5th Duke Norfolk by King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland in response to a petition by Parliament it having previously been forfeited in 1572 by his great-great-grandfather Thomas Howard 4th Duke of Norfolk who had been executed for his involvement in the Ridolphi Plot.

In 1666 [his grandson] Charles Stewart 1st Duke Kendal was created 1st Duke Kendal by King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland. No patent was ever enrolled

On 10th September 1669 [his former wife] Henrietta Maria Bourbon Queen Consort England (age 59) died at the Château de Colombes [Map]. She was buried at the Basilica of St Denis [Map].

Vesta Monumenta. 1739. Plate 1.55. Eight numismatic objects associated with the Stuarts: a gold coin of [his grandmother] Mary, Queen of Scots 1555; a silver medal commemorating Mary's marriage to [his grandfather] Lord Darnely, featuring Darnley's name before Mary's from 1565; a silver coronation medal around 1604 for [his granddaughter] Queen Anne; a silver medal for [his brother] Prince Henry from 1612; two milled gold proof pieces minted for Charles I, around 1630 and 1631-32, and two gold medals based on the same (1639 and unknown). Engraving by George Vertue (age 55) after his own drawings in at least four states between 1723 and 1739.

Around 1763. Canaletto (age 65). Northumberland House looking towards Strand [Map]. Note the Percy Lion; crest of the Duke Northumberland. And the statue of King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland which remains in situ on the corner of what is now the south-east corner of Trafalgar Square.

Adeline Horsey Recollections. Sir Thomas, who was a hospitable and generous man, died in 1549, and Deene [Map] passed to his son Edmund, who married Agnes Bussey, a member of the great Lincolnshire family. Sir Edmund Brudenell carried out extensive building operations at Deene, and the numerous initials of E. and A. and the many shields with the Brudenell and Bussey arms show that he considered his alliance with their family an important one. Camden mentions that Sir Edmund had literary and antiquarian tastes, which were also possessed by his nephew Thomas, who succeeded to the estates in 1606. He also built largely, but the great Tower was not finished until about 1628. Sir Thomas was a staunch cavalier, who raised soldiers for the King's garrisons, and he was made a Baron by Charles I. After the Royal cause was lost he suffered the penalty of his loyalty and was imprisoned in the Tower [Map] for twenty years. The brave old cavalier kept a most interesting diary during his imprisonment, which is still preserved in the library at Deene; it consists of about 30 or 40 volumes of MS., which give interesting details of his confinement and the principal events of the time.

Grammont. The necessity of affairs had exposed [his son] Charles II from his earliest youth to the toils and perils of a bloody war. The fate of the king his father had left him for inheritance nothing but his misfortunes and disgraces. They overtook him everywhere; but it was not until he had struggled with his ill-fortune to the last extremity that he submitted to the decrees of Providence.

All those who were either great on account of their birth or their loyalty had followed him into exile; and all the young persons of the greatest distinction having afterwards joined him, composed a court worthy of a better fate.

Plenty and prosperity, which are thought to tend only to corrupt manners, found nothing to spoil in an indigent and wandering court. Necessity, on the contrary, which produces a thousand advantages whether we will or no, served them for education; and nothing was to be seen among them but an emulation in glory, politeness, and virtue.

With this little court, in such high esteem for merit, the King of England returned two years prior to the period we mention, to ascend a throne which, to all appearances, he was to fill as worthily as the most glorious of his predecessors. The magnificence displayed on thus occasion was renewed at his coronation.

The death of the [his son] Duke of Gloucester, and of the [his daughter] Princess Royal, which followed soon after, had interrupted the course of this splendour by a tedious mourning, which they quitted at last to prepare for the reception of the Infanta of Portugal.

Henry Murray of Berkhampstead was appointed Groom of the Bedchamber to King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland.