The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy
The Gesta Normannorum Ducum [The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy] is a landmark medieval chronicle tracing the rise and fall of the Norman dynasty from its early roots through the pivotal events surrounding the Norman Conquest of England. Originally penned in Latin by the monk William of Jumièges shortly before 1060 and later expanded at the behest of William the Conqueror, the work chronicles the deeds, politics, battles, and leadership of the Norman dukes, especially William’s own claim to the English throne. The narrative combines earlier historical sources with firsthand information and oral testimony to present an authoritative account of Normandy’s transformation from a Viking settlement into one of medieval Europe’s most powerful realms. William’s history emphasizes the legitimacy, military prowess, and governance of the Norman line, framing their expansion, including the conquest of England, as both divinely sanctioned and noble in purpose. Later chroniclers such as Orderic Vitalis and Robert of Torigni continued the history, extending the coverage into the 12th century, providing broader context on ducal rule and its impact. Today this classic work remains a foundational source for understanding Norman identity, medieval statesmanship, and the historical forces that reshaped England and Western Europe between 800AD and 1100AD.
Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback format.
Paternal Family Tree: Cowper
On 27th September 1732 [his father] William Clavering-Cowper 2nd Earl Cowper [aged 23] and [his mother] [his grandfather] Henrietta Nassau 2nd Countess Cowper [aged 19] were married. She by marriage Countess Cowper. She the daughter of Henry Nassau 1st Earl Grantham [aged 59] and [his grandmother] Henrietta Butler Countess Grantham. He the son of William Cowper 1st Earl Cowper and Mary Clavering Countess Cowper.
On 26th August 1738 George Nassau Clavering-Cowper 3rd Earl Cowper was born to William Clavering-Cowper 2nd Earl Cowper [aged 29] and Henrietta Nassau 2nd Countess Cowper [aged 25].
On 23rd September 1747 [his mother] Henrietta Nassau 2nd Countess Cowper [aged 34] died.
In 1750 [his father] William Clavering-Cowper 2nd Earl Cowper [aged 40] and Georgiana Caroline Carteret [aged 33]. Georgiana Caroline Carteret by marriage Countess Cowper.
On 18th September 1764 [his father] William Clavering-Cowper 2nd Earl Cowper [aged 55] died. His son George [aged 26] succeeded 3rd Earl Cowper, 3rd Baron Cowper of Wingham in Kent, 5th Baronet Cowper of Ratling Court in Kent. [his future wife] Hannah Anna Gore 3rd Countess Cowper by marriage Countess Cowper.
1765. Anton Raphael Mengs [aged 36]. Portrait of George Nassau Clavering-Cowper 3rd Earl Cowper [aged 26].
In 1775 George Nassau Clavering-Cowper 3rd Earl Cowper [aged 36] and Hannah Anna Gore 3rd Countess Cowper were married. He the son of William Clavering-Cowper 2nd Earl Cowper and Henrietta Nassau 2nd Countess Cowper.
John Zoffany His Life and Works. Around 1775. Johan Joseph Zoffany [aged 41]. DESBOROUGH, LADY. Panshanger, Hertford.
George [aged 36], third Earl Cowper, Countess Cowper, Mr. and Mrs. Gore and the two Miss Gores.
Lord Cowper is standing in a green coat, pink waistcoat and breeches; Lady Cowper is in a pink dress; her father, Mr. Gore [aged 45], is playing the violincello; Mrs. Gore in a grey gown! Miss Emily Gore, in blue, playing the harpsichord and the youngest in white brocade. Canvas 37 x 30. P.
Countess Cowper was the daughter of [his father-in-law] Charles Gore, Esq., of Southampton. Her parents took her to Italy for her health, where the family resided for a long time. Mr. Gore is supposed to have been the original of Goethe's "travelled Englishman" in Wilhelm Meister. Mrs. Delany, in one of her amusing letters, mentions the meeting of Lord Cowper and Miss Gore at Florence, "when little Cupid straightway bent his bow."
They were married at Florence, and on that occasion Horace Walpole [aged 57] condoles with Sir Horace Mann [aged 68] on the prospect, as he would lose so much of the society of his great friend, Lord Cowper. Both Lady Cowper and her husband were in high favour at the Grand-Ducal Court of Tuscany, and the former was a great ornament of the brilliant (but by no means straight-laced) society of the day. Miss Berry speaks in very high terms of Miss Gore, who resided with her married sister. Three sons were born to the Cowpers in Florence. (Panshanger Catalogue, p. 308.)
Painted at the Villa Palmieri, Florence, which belonged to George, third Earl Cowper. He is standing up in the picture; Lady Cowper is in a pink dress; her father, Mr. Gore, is playing the violincello; Mrs. Gore and her youngest daughter are in grey, and Miss Emily Gore is playing the harpsichord. This picture was given to the sixth [his grandson] Earl Cowper by his brother, the Hon. Spencer Cowper, who bought it at Florence in 1845 for £20. It was strongly suspected that it was stolen from the Villa with many other objects of value when Lady Cowper died there at an advanced age in 1826. II. Nat. Loan Exhibit, Grosvenor Gallery No. 80, p. 94 Whitechapel, 1908 (157). There is also another picture at Panshanger attributed to Zoffany.
Hannah Anna Gore 3rd Countess Cowper: she was born to Charles Gore and Mary Cockerill. On 18th September 1764 William Clavering-Cowper 2nd Earl Cowper died. His son George succeeded 3rd Earl Cowper, 3rd Baron Cowper of Wingham in Kent, 5th Baronet Cowper of Ratling Court in Kent. She by marriage Countess Cowper. In 1775 George Nassau Clavering-Cowper 3rd Earl Cowper and she were married. He the son of William Clavering-Cowper 2nd Earl Cowper and Henrietta Nassau 2nd Countess Cowper. In 1826 she died.
Charles Gore: Before he and Mary Cockerill were married. She brough sufficient wealth to the marriage that he didn't need to work. On 5th December 1729 he was born at Horkstow Hall, Lincolnshire. On 23rd January 1807 he died.
On 9th August 1776 [his son] George Augustus Clavering-Cowper 4th Earl Cowper was born to George Nassau Clavering-Cowper 3rd Earl Cowper [aged 37] and [his wife] Hannah Anna Gore 3rd Countess Cowper.
On 6th May 1778 [his son] Peter Nassau Clavering-Cowper 5th Earl Cowper was born to George Nassau Clavering-Cowper 3rd Earl Cowper [aged 39] and [his wife] Hannah Anna Gore 3rd Countess Cowper. He married 20th July 1805 Emily Lamb Countess Cowper, daughter of Penistone Lamb 1st Viscount Melbourne and Elizabeth Milbanke Viscountess Melbourne, and had issue.
Before 1789 Johan Joseph Zoffany [aged 55]. Portrait of George Nassau Clavering-Cowper 3rd Earl Cowper [aged 50].
On 22nd December 1789 George Nassau Clavering-Cowper 3rd Earl Cowper [aged 51] died. His son George [aged 13] succeeded 4th Earl Cowper, 4th Baron Cowper of Wingham in Kent, 6th Baronet Cowper of Ratling Court in Kent.
In 1826 [his former wife] Hannah Anna Gore 3rd Countess Cowper died.
Kings Wessex: Great x 21 Grand Son of King Edmund "Ironside" I of England
Kings Gwynedd: Great x 19 Grand Son of Owain "Great" King Gwynedd
Kings Seisyllwg: Great x 22 Grand Son of Hywel "Dda aka Good" King Seisyllwg King Deheubarth
Kings Powys: Great x 20 Grand Son of Maredudd ap Bleddyn King Powys
Kings Godwinson: Great x 21 Grand Son of King Harold II of England
Kings England: Great x 13 Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Kings Scotland: Great x 17 Grand Son of King William I of Scotland
Kings France: Great x 15 Grand Son of King Philip III of France
Kings Duke Aquitaine: Great x 25 Grand Son of Ranulf I Duke Aquitaine
Kings Spain: Great x 18 Grand Son of Alfonso VII King Castile VII King Leon
Great x 3 Grandfather: William Cowper 1st Baronet
Great x 2 Grandfather: John Cowper
Great x 1 Grandfather: William Cowper 2nd Baronet
Grandfather: William Cowper 1st Earl Cowper
Father: William Clavering-Cowper 2nd Earl Cowper 12 x Great Grandson of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: James Clavering
7 x Great Grandson of King Edward III of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: John James Clavering
8 x Great Grandson of King Edward III of England
Great x 2 Grandfather: Robert Clavering
9 x Great Grandson of King Edward III of England
Great x 1 Grandfather: John Clavering
10 x Great Grandson of King Edward III of England
Grandmother: Mary Clavering Countess Cowper
11 x Great Granddaughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 2 Grandfather: Henry Thompson
Great x 1 Grandmother: Susanna Thompson
George Nassau Clavering-Cowper 3rd Earl Cowper 13 x Great Grandson of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: William "The Silent" Orange Nassau I Prince Orange
Great x 3 Grandfather: Prince Maurice I of Orange 10 x Great Grandson of King Philip III of France
Great x 4 Grandmother: Anna of Saxony 9 x Great Granddaughter of King Philip III of France
Great x 2 Grandfather: Louis Nassau Beverweert 11 x Great Grandson of King Philip III of France
Great x 3 Grandmother: Margaretha van Mechelen
Great x 1 Grandfather: Henry de Nassau Lord Overkirk 12 x Great Grandson of King Philip III of France
Grandfather: Henry Nassau 1st Earl Grantham 13 x Great Grandson of King Philip III of France
Mother: Henrietta Nassau 2nd Countess Cowper 12 x Great Granddaughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Walter Butler 11th Earl Ormonde 4th Earl Ossory
9 x Great Grandson of King Edward I of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: Thomas Butler Viscount Thurles
10 x Great Grandson of King Edward I of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Helen Butler Countess Ormonde and Ossory
9 x Great Granddaughter of King Edward I of England
Great x 2 Grandfather: James Butler 1st Duke Ormonde
9 x Great Grandson of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: John Poyntz
7 x Great Grandson of King Edward III of England
Great x 3 Grandmother: Elizabeth Poyntz
8 x Great Granddaughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Elizabeth Sydenham 11 x Great Granddaughter of King John of England
Great x 1 Grandfather: Thomas Butler 6th Earl Ossory
10 x Great Grandson of King Edward III of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: Richard Preston 1st Earl Desmond
Great x 2 Grandmother: Elizabeth Preston Duchess Ormonde
9 x Great Granddaughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Thomas "Black Tom" Butler 10th Earl Ormonde 3rd Earl Ossory
8 x Great Grandson of King Edward I of England
Great x 3 Grandmother: Elizabeth Butler
8 x Great Granddaughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Elizabeth Sheffield Countess Ormonde and Ossory 7 x Great Granddaughter of King Edward III of England
Grandmother: Henrietta Butler Countess Grantham
11 x Great Granddaughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: William "The Silent" Orange Nassau I Prince Orange
Great x 3 Grandfather: Prince Maurice I of Orange 10 x Great Grandson of King Philip III of France
Great x 4 Grandmother: Anna of Saxony 9 x Great Granddaughter of King Philip III of France
Great x 2 Grandfather: Louis Nassau Beverweert 11 x Great Grandson of King Philip III of France
Great x 3 Grandmother: Margaretha van Mechelen
Great x 1 Grandmother: Emilia Nassau Beverweert Countess Ossory 12 x Great Granddaughter of King Philip III of France