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The Chronicle of Walter of Guisborough, a canon regular of the Augustinian Guisborough Priory, Yorkshire, formerly known as The Chronicle of Walter of Hemingburgh, describes the period from 1066 to 1346. Before 1274 the Chronicle is based on other works. Thereafter, the Chronicle is original, and a remarkable source for the events of the time. This book provides a translation of the Chronicle from that date. The Latin source for our translation is the 1849 work edited by Hans Claude Hamilton. Hamilton, in his preface, says: "In the present work we behold perhaps one of the finest samples of our early chronicles, both as regards the value of the events recorded, and the correctness with which they are detailed; Nor will the pleasing style of composition be lightly passed over by those capable of seeing reflected from it the tokens of a vigorous and cultivated mind, and a favourable specimen of the learning and taste of the age in which it was framed." Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback.
Paternal Family Tree: Anjou aka Plantagenet
Maternal Family Tree: Elizabeth Cuman
On 24th January 1328 [his father] King Edward III of England (age 15) and [his mother] Philippa of Hainault (age 13) were married at York Minster [Map]. She by marriage Queen Consort England. She was crowned the same day. She the daughter of [his grandfather] William Hainault I Count Hainault III Count Avesnes III Count Holland II Count Zeeland (age 42) and [his grandmother] Joan Valois Countess Zeeland Holland Avesnes and Hainault (age 34). He the son of [his grandfather] King Edward II of England and [his grandmother] Isabella of France Queen Consort England (age 33). They were second cousins. She a great x 5 granddaughter of King Stephen I England.
The marriage was the quid pro quo for her father William Hainault I Count Hainault III Count Avesnes III Count Holland II Count Zeeland having supported his mother Isabella of France Queen Consort England and Roger Mortimer 1st Earl March (age 40) returning to England to usurp the throne of Edward's father King Edward II of England.
On 5th June 1341 Edmund of Langley 1st Duke of York was born to [his father] King Edward III of England (age 28) and [his mother] Philippa of Hainault Queen Consort England (age 26) at King's Langley, Hertfordshire [Map]. Coefficient of inbreeding 3.00%.
On 12th May 1343 [his brother] Edward "Black Prince" (age 12) was created Prince of Wales.
On 26th August 1346 the army of [his father] King Edward III of England (age 33) defeated the French army at the Battle of Crécy. The English army was commanded by King Edward III of England, his son [his brother] Edward "Black Prince" (age 16), Thomas Beauchamp 11th Earl Warwick (age 33), William Bohun 1st Earl of Northampton (age 36) and John Beauchamp 1st Baron Beauchamp Warwick (age 30).
The English army was included: Bishop Thomas of Hatfield (age 36), Hugh Despencer 1st Baron Despencer (age 38), Bernard Brocas (age 16), Thomas Felton (age 16), James Audley (age 28), Robert Bourchier 1st Baron Bourchier, Bartholomew "The Elder" Burghesh 1st Baron Burghesh (age 59), Bartholomew "The Younger" Burghesh 2nd Baron Burghesh (age 18), Reginald Cobham 1st Baron Cobham (age 51), John Darcy 1st Baron Darcy of Knayth (age 66), Robert Ferrers 3rd Baron Ferrers of Chartley (age 37), Richard Scrope 1st Baron Scrope of Bolton (age 19), William Scrope (age 21), Stephen Scrope (age 21), William Latimer 4th Baron Latimer of Corby (age 16), John Lisle 2nd Baron Lisle (age 28), Gerard Lisle 1st Baron Lisle (age 42), Nicholas Longford (age 61), Edward Montagu 1st Baron Montagu, Walter Paveley 4th Baron Burghesh (age 27), Michael Poynings 1st Baron Poynings (age 28), Robert Ufford 1st Earl Suffolk (age 48), John de Vere 7th Earl of Oxford (age 34), Thomas West (age 34), John Willoughby 2nd Baron Willoughby (age 43), John Wingfield (age 26), Henry Percy 11th and 3rd Baron Percy (age 25), Hugh Courtenay 2nd or 10th Earl Devon (age 43) (possibly), Walter "Elder" Devereux (age 37), John Devereux (age 44), Enion Sais Brecon, John Chandos (age 26), Richard Pembridge (age 26) and John Sully (age 63).
The French army suffered significant casualties. King Philip "Fortunate" VI of France (age 52) was wounded. William de Coucy (age 60) and his son Enguerrand 6th Lord de Coucy (age 33) and were killed.
Charles Valois Count Alençon (age 49) was killed. His son Charles (age 9) succeeded Count Alençon.
Louis Chatillon II Count Blois I Count Chatillon was killed. His son Louis succeeded III Count Blois.
Louis Dampierre II Count Nevers I Count Flanders (age 42) was killed. His son Louis (age 15) succeeded III Count Nevers, II Count Flanders.
King John I of Bohemia (age 50) was killed. His son Charles (age 30) succeeded IV King Bohemia.
Rudolph "Valiant" Metz I Duke Lorraine (age 26) was killed. His son John succeeded I Duke Lorraine.
Jean IV de Harcourt (age 39) was killed.
On 22nd February 1347 John Graham Earl Menteith (age 57) was condemned to be executed as a traitor. The sentence was carried out on the 28th February 1347 when John Graham Earl Menteith was hanged, drawn and quartered by direct orders of [his father] King Edward I (age 34) to whom he had previously sworn fealty.
In 1351 Henry of Grosmont 1st Duke Lancaster (age 41) was created 1st Duke Lancaster by [his father] King Edward III of England (age 38). Isabel Beaumont Duchess Lancaster (age 31) by marriage Duchess Lancaster.
[his brother] Lionel of Antwerp 1st Duke of Clarence (age 12) was created 1st Earl of Ulster.
[his brother] John of Gaunt 1st Duke Lancaster (age 10) was created 1st Earl Richmond.
Ralph Stafford 1st Earl Stafford (age 49) was created 1st Earl Stafford.
In 1352 [his brother] Lionel of Antwerp 1st Duke of Clarence (age 13) and [his sister-in-law] Elizabeth Burgh Duchess of Clarence (age 19) were married. He by marriage Earl of Ulster. She was the sole heir of her father and brought the de Burgh inheritance of the lands of Ulster to the marriage. As a consequence of their earlier betrothal he had been called Earl Ulster since 1347. She the daughter of William Donn Burgh 3rd Earl of Ulster and Maud Plantagenet Countess Ulster (age 42). He the son of [his father] King Edward III of England (age 39) and [his mother] Philippa of Hainault Queen Consort England (age 37). They were half second cousin once removed. She a great x 2 granddaughter of King Henry III of England.
On 19th September 1356 the army of [his brother] Edward "Black Prince" (age 26) defeated the French and Scottish army led by King John "The Good" II of France (age 37) at the Battle of Poitiers
King John "The Good" II of France was captured by three captains including Ivon aka John Fane.
The the English army included: Bernard Brocas (age 26), Thomas Felton (age 26), James Audley (age 38), Thomas Beauchamp 11th Earl Warwick (age 43), Bartholomew "The Younger" Burghesh 2nd Baron Burghesh (age 28), Reginald Cobham 1st Baron Cobham (age 61), Edward Despencer 1st Baron Despencer, Baron Burghesh (age 21), Ralph Ferrers (age 27), William Scrope (age 31), William Montagu 2nd Earl Salisbury (age 28), Walter Paveley 4th Baron Burghesh (age 37), Robert Ufford 1st Earl Suffolk (age 58), William Ufford 2nd Earl Suffolk (age 18), John de Vere 7th Earl of Oxford (age 44), John Willoughby 3rd Baron Willoughby (age 33), Thomas Arderne (age 19), Enion Sais Brecon, John Chandos (age 36), Richard Pembridge (age 36), Jean Grailly (age 25), Robert de Fouleshurst (age 26) and John Sully (age 73)
John Savile of Shelley and Golcar (age 31) probably fought having received letters of protection to travel overseas.
Hugh Courtenay 2nd or 10th Earl Devon (age 53) protected the baggage train.
The French and Scottish army included: King John "The Good" II of France, Philip "Bold" Valois II Duke Burgundy (age 14), Jean Bourbon I Count La Marche (age 12), Archibald "Grim" Douglas 3rd Earl Douglas (age 26), [his uncle] John "Sans Terre" Artois 1st Count of Eu (age 35); all captured.
Guichard d'Angle 1st Earl Huntingdon and William Douglas 1st Earl Douglas (age 33) fought.
Peter Bourbon Duke Bourbon (age 45) was killed. His son Louis (age 19) succeeded II Duke Bourbon.
Gauthier VI Comte de Brienne (age 54) was killed.
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On 19th May 1359, or thereabouts, a double-royal wedding celebration took place at Reading Abbey, Berkshire [Map] whereby two children of [his father] King Edward III of England (age 46) were married:
[his brother] John of Gaunt 1st Duke Lancaster (age 19) and [his sister-in-law] Blanche Duchess of Lancaster (age 17) were married. She by marriage Countess Richmond. She the daughter of Henry of Grosmont 1st Duke Lancaster (age 49) and Isabel Beaumont Duchess Lancaster (age 39). He the son of King Edward III of England and [his mother] Philippa of Hainault Queen Consort England (age 44). They were half second cousin once removed. She a great x 2 granddaughter of King Henry III of England.
John Hastings 2nd Earl Pembroke (age 11) and [his sister] Margaret Plantagenet Countess of Pembroke (age 12) were married. At the time John Hastings 2nd Earl Pembroke was a ward of King Edward III of England who would enjoy the benefit of the substantial revenue of the Earldom of Pembroke until John came of age nine years later in 1368. She died two or so years later probably of plague. She the daughter of King Edward III of England and Philippa of Hainault Queen Consort England. He the son of Laurence Hastings 1st Earl Pembroke and Agnes Mortimer Countess of Pembroke (age 42). They were half fourth cousins. He a great x 5 grandson of King John of England.
On 13th April 1360 a freak weather event known as Black Monday Hailstorm occurred as the army of [his father] King Edward III of England (age 47) were camped outside Chartres [Map]. Thomas Beauchamp 11th Earl Warwick (age 47), William Bohun 1st Earl of Northampton (age 50), Henry of Grosmont 1st Duke Lancaster (age 50), [his brother] Edward "Black Prince" (age 29) and Walter Mauny were present. Around one thousand English were killed, with up to six thousand horses. King Edward III of England believed the event to be an Act of God and proceeded to negotiate with the French resulting in the Treaty of Brétigny.
On 28th April 1360 Guy Beauchamp died from injuries received during the Black Monday Hailstorm.
In 1361 [his father] King Edward III of England (age 48) created three of his sons as Garter Knights...
35th [his brother] Lionel of Antwerp 1st Duke of Clarence (age 22).
36th [his brother] John of Gaunt 1st Duke Lancaster (age 20).
37th Edmund of Langley 1st Duke of York (age 19).
38th Edward Despencer 1st Baron Despencer, Baron Burghesh (age 25).
On 10th October 1361 [his brother] Edward "Black Prince" (age 31) and [his sister-in-law] Joan "Fair Maid of Kent" Princess Wales (age 33) were married at Windsor Castle [Map]. She by marriage Princess of Wales. His first wife, her second (or third depending on how you count them) husband. She had four children already. They had known each other since childhood. Thirty-one and thirty-three respectively. A curious choice for the heir to the throne; foreign princesses were usual. They were married nearly fifteen years and had two children. She the daughter of Edmund of Woodstock 1st Earl Kent and Margaret Wake Countess Kent. He the son of [his father] King Edward III of England (age 48) and [his mother] Philippa of Hainault Queen Consort England (age 47). They were half first cousin once removed. She a granddaughter of King Edward I of England.
In 1362 Edmund of Langley 1st Duke of York (age 20) was created 1st Earl Cambridge.
On 10th April 1362 Maud Plantagenet Duchess Lower Bavaria (age 22) died. Her sister [his sister-in-law] Blanche (age 20) succeeded 6th Countess of Leicester. [his brother] John of Gaunt 1st Duke Lancaster (age 22) by marriage Earl of Leicester adding a fourth Earldom to the ones he already held: Earl Richmond, Earl Lancaster and Earl Derby.
On 13th November 1362, his fiftieth birthday, [his father] King Edward III of England (age 50) created two sons as Dukes...
[his brother] Lionel of Antwerp 1st Duke of Clarence (age 23) was created 1st Duke Clarence. [his sister-in-law] Elizabeth Burgh Duchess of Clarence (age 30) by marriage Duchess Clarence.
[his brother] John of Gaunt 1st Duke Lancaster (age 22) was created 1st Duke Lancaster. [his sister-in-law] Blanche Duchess of Lancaster (age 20) by marriage Duchess Lancaster.
On 28th May 1363 John Harrington 2nd Baron Harington (age 35) died at Gleaston Castle [Map]. His son Robert (age 7) succeeded 3rd Baron Harington. Given his young age Robert Harrington 3rd Baron Harington became a ward of [his father] King Edward III of England (age 50) who granted his wardship to his daughter [his sister] Isabella Countess Bedford and Soissons (age 30) and her husband [his future brother-in-law] Enguerrand de Coucy 1st Earl Bedford 1st Count Soissons (age 23).
On 27th July 1365 [his brother-in-law] Enguerrand de Coucy 1st Earl Bedford 1st Count Soissons (age 25) and [his sister] Isabella Countess Bedford and Soissons (age 33) were married at Windsor Castle [Map]. She the daughter of [his father] King Edward III of England (age 52) and [his mother] Philippa of Hainault Queen Consort England (age 51). They were fourth cousin once removed.
In 1366 [his brother-in-law] Enguerrand de Coucy 1st Earl Bedford 1st Count Soissons (age 26) was created 1st Earl Bedford. [his sister] Isabella Countess Bedford and Soissons (age 33) by marriage Countess Bedford.
In 1367 [his brother-in-law] Enguerrand de Coucy 1st Earl Bedford 1st Count Soissons (age 27) was created 1st Count Soissons. [his sister] Isabella Countess Bedford and Soissons (age 34) by marriage Countess Soissons.
On 3rd April 1367 the forces of Peter "Cruel" I King Castile (age 32) commanded by [his brother] Edward "Black Prince" (age 36) defeated the army of Henry "Fratricide" II King Castile (age 33) at the Battle of Nájera at Nájera [Map]. The English forces included [his brother] John of Gaunt 1st Duke Lancaster (age 27), William Scrope, Peter Courtenay (age 21), John Devereux 1st Baron Devereux (age 30), John Savile of Shelley and Golcar (age 42), Bernard Brocas (age 37) and Thomas Banastre (age 33).
The forces of Henry "Fratricide" II King Castile included Bertrand Geusclin (age 47). The battle achieved little since Bertrand Geusclin escaped.
John Ferrers 4th Baron Ferrers of Chartley (age 36) was killed. His son Robert (age 9) succeeded 5th Baron Ferrers of Chartley. Margaret Despencer Baroness Ferrers of Chartley by marriage Baroness Ferrers of Chartley.
Edward "Black Prince" thereafter returned home, taking Peter's daughters [his future sister-in-law] Constance (age 13) and [his future wife] Isabella (age 12) as hostages to ensure Peter would pay the money owed to Edward. Constance married John of Gaunt 1st Duke Lancaster, Isabella married Edmund of Langley 1st Duke of York (age 25).
In June 1368 [his brother] Lionel of Antwerp 1st Duke of Clarence (age 29) and [his sister-in-law] Violante Visconti (age 14) were married in the Church of Santa Maria Maggiore, Milan [Map]. The wedding festivities were lavish and ostentatious. The banquet, held outside, included 30 courses of meat and fish presented fully gilded. Between the courses the guests were given gifts such as suits of armour, bolts of cloth, war horses, arms, and hunting dogs. Among the guests were Geoffrey Chaucer (age 25), Petrarch, Jean Froissart and John Hawkwood. He the son of [his father] King Edward III of England (age 55) and [his mother] Philippa of Hainault Queen Consort England (age 53). They were fourth cousin once removed.
On 7th October 1368 [his brother] Lionel of Antwerp 1st Duke of Clarence (age 29) died from poisoning at Alba [Map]. Duke Clarence extinct. His daughter [his niece] Philippa (age 13) succeeded 2nd Countess of Ulster. He was buried at the St Pietro Ciel d'Oro Church, Pavia [Map].
There was strong speculation he had been poisoned by his [his sister-in-law] wife's (age 14) father (age 48).
From 27th June 1369 to 1371 Bishop Thomas de Brantingham was appointed Lord Treasurer to [his father] King Edward III of England (age 56).
On 15th August 1369 [his mother] Philippa of Hainault Queen Consort England (age 55) died at Windsor Castle [Map]. Her husband [his father] King Edward III of England (age 56) and youngest son [his brother] Thomas of Woodstock 1st Duke of Gloucester (age 14) were present. She was given a state funeral six months later on 9th January 1370 at which she was interred at on the northeast side of the Chapel of St Edward the Confessor, Westminster Abbey [Map]. Her alabaster effigy was executed by sculptor Jean de Liège.
On 21st September 1371 [his brother] John of Gaunt 1st Duke Lancaster (age 31) and [his sister-in-law] Constance of Castile Duchess of Lancaster (age 17) were married at Roquefort, Landes. She by marriage Duchess Lancaster. His younger brother Edmund of Langley 1st Duke of York (age 30) married Constance's sister in July 1372. An example of Marriage of Two Sets of Siblings. She the illegitmate daughter of Peter "Cruel" I King Castile and Maria Padilla. He the son of [his father] King Edward III of England (age 58) and [his mother] Philippa of Hainault Queen Consort England. They were half third cousin twice removed.
In 1372 [his brother] Thomas of Woodstock 1st Duke of Gloucester (age 16) was appointed Constable of England.
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The Chronicle of Abbot Ralph of Coggeshall describes the reigns of Kings Henry II, Richard I, John and Henry III, providing a wealth of information about their lives and the events of the time. Ralph's work is detailed, comprehensive and objective. We have augmented Ralph's text with extracts from other contemporary chroniclers to enrich the reader's experience. Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback.
On 11th July 1372 Edmund of Langley 1st Duke of York (age 31) and Isabella of Castile Duchess York (age 17) were married at Wallingford, Oxfordshire [Map]. She by marriage Countess Cambridge. She being the younger sister of Constance (age 18) who had married Edmund's older brother John of Gaunt 1st Duke Lancaster (age 32) a year before. An example of Marriage of Two Sets of Siblings. She the illegitmate daughter of Peter "Cruel" I King Castile and Maria Padilla. He the son of King Edward III of England (age 59) and Philippa of Hainault Queen Consort England. They were half third cousin twice removed.
Around 1373 [his son] Edward 2nd Duke of York 1st Duke Albemarle was born to Edmund of Langley 1st Duke of York (age 31) and [his wife] Isabella of Castile Duchess York (age 18) at King's Langley, Hertfordshire [Map]. He a grandson of King Edward III of England. He married (1) 1381 his second cousin once removed Beatrice Burgundy Countess Rutland and Cork, daughter of Ferdinand I King Portugal and Leonor Teles Meneses Queen Consort Portugal (2) before 7th October 1398 Philippa Mohun Duchess York, daughter of John Mohun 2nd Baron Mohun of Dunster and Joan Burghesh Baroness Dunster.
On 16th January 1373 Humphrey Bohun 7th Earl Hereford 6th Earl Essex 2nd Earl of Northampton (age 31) died. He was buried at Waldon Priory and Abbey [Map]. Earl Hereford, Earl Essex, Earl of Northampton extinct. His estates were divided between his two daughters [his future sister-in-law] Eleanor Bohun Duchess Gloucester (age 7), wife of [his brother] Thomas of Woodstock 1st Duke of Gloucester (age 18) and Mary Bohun (age 5), wife of [his nephew] Henry of Bolingbroke (age 5), the future Henry IV, although the title and estates should have been inherited Gilbert Bohun who was a grandson of Humphrey Bohun 2nd Earl Hereford 1st Earl Essex.
Around 1374 [his daughter] Constance York Countess Gloucester was born to Edmund of Langley 1st Duke of York (age 32) and [his wife] Isabella of Castile Duchess York (age 19) at Conisbrough Castle [Map]. She a granddaughter of King Edward III of England. She married before 7th November 1379 her third cousin once removed Thomas Despencer 1st Earl Gloucester, son of Edward Despencer 1st Baron Despencer, Baron Burghesh and Elizabeth Burghesh 3rd Baron Burghesh, and had issue.
In 1374 [his brother] Thomas of Woodstock 1st Duke of Gloucester (age 18) and [his sister-in-law] Eleanor Bohun Duchess Gloucester (age 8) were married. She the daughter of Humphrey Bohun 7th Earl Hereford 6th Earl Essex 2nd Earl of Northampton and Joan Fitzalan Countess Essex, Hereford and Northampton (age 27). He the son of [his father] King Edward III of England (age 61) and [his mother] Philippa of Hainault Queen Consort England. They were second cousin once removed. She a great x 2 granddaughter of King Edward I of England.
In 1376 [his brother] Thomas of Woodstock 1st Duke of Gloucester (age 20) was created 1st Earl Essex. [his sister-in-law] Eleanor Bohun Duchess Gloucester (age 10) by marriage Countess Essex.
On 8th June 1376 [his brother] Edward "Black Prince" (age 45) died of dysentery at Westminster Palace [Map]. He was buried in Canterbury Cathedral [Map]. His son [his nephew] Richard (age 9) succeeded as heir to his grandfather [his father] King Edward III of England (age 63) who died a year later.
Around 1377 [his brother] Lionel of Antwerp 1st Duke of Clarence was reburied at Clare Priory, Suffolk [Map]. [his niece] Philippa Plantagenet Countess March 2nd Countess Ulster (age 21) succeeded 5th Countess of Ulster.
In 1377 [his brother] Thomas of Woodstock 1st Duke of Gloucester (age 21) was created 1st Earl Buckingham. [his sister-in-law] Eleanor Bohun Duchess Gloucester (age 11) by marriage Countess Buckingham.
On 21st June 1377 [his father] King Edward III of England (age 64) died of a stroke at Sheen Palace [Map]. He was buried in the Chapel of St Edward the Confessor, Westminster Abbey [Map]. His grandson [his nephew] Richard (age 10) succeeded II King of England.
Before 7th November 1379 [his son-in-law] Thomas Despencer 1st Earl Gloucester (age 6) and [his daughter] Constance York Countess Gloucester (age 5) were married. She the daughter of Edmund of Langley 1st Duke of York (age 38) and [his wife] Isabella of Castile Duchess York (age 24). They were third cousin once removed. He a great x 3 grandson of King Edward I of England. She a granddaughter of King Edward III of England.
In 1381 [his son] Edward 2nd Duke of York 1st Duke Albemarle (age 8) and [his daughter-in-law] Beatrice Burgundy Countess Rutland and Cork (age 8) were married. She the daughter of Ferdinand I King Portugal (age 35) and Leonor Teles Meneses Queen Consort Portugal. He the son of Edmund of Langley 1st Duke of York (age 39) and [his wife] Isabella of Castile Duchess York (age 26). They were second cousin once removed. He a grandson of King Edward III of England.
All About History Books
The Chronicle of Walter of Guisborough, a canon regular of the Augustinian Guisborough Priory, Yorkshire, formerly known as The Chronicle of Walter of Hemingburgh, describes the period from 1066 to 1346. Before 1274 the Chronicle is based on other works. Thereafter, the Chronicle is original, and a remarkable source for the events of the time. This book provides a translation of the Chronicle from that date. The Latin source for our translation is the 1849 work edited by Hans Claude Hamilton. Hamilton, in his preface, says: "In the present work we behold perhaps one of the finest samples of our early chronicles, both as regards the value of the events recorded, and the correctness with which they are detailed; Nor will the pleasing style of composition be lightly passed over by those capable of seeing reflected from it the tokens of a vigorous and cultivated mind, and a favourable specimen of the learning and taste of the age in which it was framed." Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback.
In 1381 [his brother] Thomas of Woodstock 1st Duke of Gloucester (age 25) was appointed 66th Knight of the Garter by [his nephew] King Richard II of England (age 13).
On 14th June 1381 the mob gained access to the Tower of London [Map] capturing [his former sister-in-law] Joan "Fair Maid of Kent" Princess Wales (age 52), the future [his nephew] King Henry IV of England (age 14), [his future wife] Joan Holland Duchess York (age 1) and Archbishop Simon Sudbury (age 65).
Archbishop Simon Sudbury was beheaded at Tower Hill [Map]. He was buried at Canterbury Cathedral [Map].
Lord Treasurer Robert Hales (age 56), who had only been appointed on the 1st February 1381, was beheaded at Tower Hill [Map].
On 5th October 1382 [his sister] Isabella Countess Bedford and Soissons (age 50) died.
Before 1385 John Holland 1st Duke Exeter (age 32) was rumoured to be having an affair with [his wife] Isabella of Castile Duchess York (age 29) wife of Edmund of Langley 1st Duke of York (age 43).
On 20th July 1385 [his son] Richard of Conisbrough 1st Earl Cambridge was born to Edmund of Langley 1st Duke of York (age 44) and [his wife] Isabella of Castile Duchess York (age 30) at Conisbrough Castle [Map]. There was speculation the father was John Holland 1st Duke Exeter (age 33) with whom Isabella of Castile Duchess York was suspected of having an affair. Richard received no lands from his father and was not mentioned either in his father's will nor his brother's will. He a grandson of King Edward III of England. He married (1) May 1406 his first cousin twice removed Anne Mortimer, daughter of Roger Mortimer 4th Earl March 3rd Earl of Ulster and Eleanor Holland Countess March and Ulster, and had issue (2) after 21st September 1411 his third cousin twice removed Maud Clifford Countess Cambridge, daughter of Thomas Clifford 6th Baron Clifford and Elizabeth Ros Baroness Clifford.
On 6th August 1385 Edmund of Langley 1st Duke of York (age 44) was created 1st Duke York by [his nephew] King Richard II of England (age 18). [his wife] Isabella of Castile Duchess York (age 30) by marriage Duchess York.
[his brother] Thomas of Woodstock 1st Duke of Gloucester (age 30) was created 1st Duke Albemarle, and around the same time, 1st Duke Gloucester. [his sister-in-law] Eleanor Bohun Duchess Gloucester (age 19) by marriage Duchess Albemarle and Duchess Gloucester.
Chronicle of Adam of Usk [~1352-1430]. September 1386. Owing to the many ill-starred crises of [his nephew] king Richard's (age 19) reign, which were caused by his youth, a solemn parliament was holden at Westminster, wherein twelve of the chief men of the land were advanced, by full provision of parliament, to the government of the king and the kingdom, in order to bridle the wantonness and extravagance of his servants and flatterers, and, in short, to reform the business of the realm; but alas! only to lead to the weary deeds which are hereinafter written1.
Note 1. The actual number of the commissioners appointed by the Wonderful Parliament of 1386 was eleven, or fourteen if the three principal officers of state be included. The eleven were: the archbishops of Canterbury (age 44) and York (age 45), the dukes of York (age 45) and [his brother] Gloucester (age 31), the bishops of Winchester (age 66) and Exeter, the abbot of Waltham, the earl of Arundel, John de Cobham, Richard le Scrope, and John Devereux. Thomas Arundel (age 33), bishop of Ely, had replaced Michael de la Pole (age 25), earl of Suffolk, as chancellor; John Gilbert, bishop of Hereford, was treasurer; and John de Waltham, keeper of the privy seal. It will be remembered that [his brother] John of Gaunt (age 46) was at this time in Spain, as a reason for his name not appearing on the commission.
On 19th December 1387 an army of the Lords Appellant led by the future [his nephew] King Henry IV of England (age 20) prevented the forces of [his nephew] King Richard II of England (age 20) commanded by Robert de Vere 1st Duke Ireland (age 25) from crossing the bridge [Map] over the River Thames at Radcot in Oxfordshire. When [his brother] Thomas of Woodstock 1st Duke of Gloucester (age 32) arrived with further Lord Appellant's men the King's men were encircled. The King's men attempted to force the crossing of the bridge at which time the only casualties occurred including Thomas Molyneux (age 49) who was killed by Thomas Mortimer (age 37). Around 800 men drowned in the marshes whilst trying to escape. Robert de Vere 1st Duke Ireland narrowly escaped to France.
On 3rd February 1388 the Merciless Parliament commenced. It ended on 4th June 1388. Its primary function was to prosecute members of the Court of [his nephew] King Richard II of England (age 21). The term "Merciless" is contemporary having been coined by the chronicler Henry Knighton.
Michael de la Pole 1st Earl Suffolk (age 58) was sentenced to be hanged, drawn and quartered in his absence. He had escaped to France.
Archbishop Alexander Neville (age 47) was found guilty of treason and it was determined to imprison him for life in Rochester Castle, Kent [Map]. He fled to Louvain [Map] where he became a parish priest for the remainder of his life.
On 19th February 1388 Robert Tresilian was hanged naked and his throat cut. See Chronicle of Adam of Usk.
On 25th March 1388 Nicholas Brembre was hanged. He was buried at Christ Church, Greyfriars [Map].
On 5th May 1388 Simon Burley (age 48) was executed despite the protestations of his friend Edmund of Langley 1st Duke of York (age 46). See Chronicle of Adam of Usk.
On 12th May 1388 John Beauchamp 1st Baron Beauchamp (age 69) was beheaded at Tower Hill [Map]. He was buried at Worcester Cathedral [Map]. Baron Beauchamp of Kidderminster forfeit.
Robert de Vere 1st Duke Ireland (age 26) was attainted.
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On 23rd December 1392 [his wife] Isabella of Castile Duchess York (age 37) died. She was buried at King's Langley Priory, Hertfordshire [Map]. She the wife of Edmund of Langley 1st Duke of York (age 51). Isabella had travelled to England with her sister [his sister-in-law] Constance of Castile Duchess of Lancaster (age 38) who had married Edmund's elder brother [his brother] John of Gaunt 1st Duke Lancaster (age 52). Isabella and Edmund's marriage was not, apparently, a happy one. She is known to have had an affair with John Holland 1st Duke Exeter (age 40) who may have been the father of [his son] Richard of Conisbrough 1st Earl Cambridge (age 7) progenitor of the House of York.
On 4th November 1393 Edmund of Langley 1st Duke of York (age 52) and Joan Holland Duchess York (age 13) were married. She by marriage Duchess York. The difference in their ages was 38 years. She the daughter of Thomas Holland 2nd Earl Kent (age 43) and Alice Fitzalan Countess Kent (age 43). He the son of King Edward III of England and Philippa of Hainault Queen Consort England. They were half second cousin once removed. She a great x 2 granddaughter of King Edward I of England.
Froissart Book 4 Chapter 73. However much others might be pleased, it was not so with the [his brother] duke of Gloucester (age 40); for he saw plainly that by this marriage peace would be established between the two kingdoms, which sorely displeased him, unless it should be such a peace as would redound to the honour of England, and every thing were placed on the same footing as when the war broke out in Gascony. He frequently conversed on this subject with his brother the duke of York (age 54), and, whenever the occasion was favourable, endeavoured to draw him over to his way of thinking, for he was but of weak understanding. He dared not speak so freely to his elder [his brother] brother of Lancaster (age 55), who was of the king's party, and well satisfied with this marriage, on account of his two daughters the queens of [his niece] Castille (age 22) and [his niece] Portugal (age 35).
On 13th January 1396 [his brother] John of Gaunt 1st Duke Lancaster (age 55) and [his sister-in-law] Katherine Swynford aka Roet Duchess Lancaster (age 45) were married at Lincoln Cathedral [Map]. She by marriage Duchess Lancaster. He the son of [his father] King Edward III of England and [his mother] Philippa of Hainault Queen Consort England.
Froissart Book 4 Chapter 73. [13th January 1396]. At this period, the [his brother] duke of Lancaster (age 55) married his third wife [[his sister-in-law] Katherine Swynford aka Roet Duchess Lancaster (age 45)], the daughter of a Hainault knight, called sir Paon de Ruet: he had formerly been one of the knights to the good and noble queen [his mother] Philippa of England, who much loved the Hainaulters, as she was herself of that country.
This lady whom the duke of Lancaster married was called Catherine, and in her youth had been of the household of the duchess [his former sister-in-law] Blanche of Lancaster. Before the lady Blanche's death, and even when the duke was married to his second wife [his former sister-in-law] Constance, the daughter of don Pedro, he cohabited with the lady Catherine de Ruet, who was then married to an English knight [Hugh Swynford] now dead.
The duke of Lancaster had three children1 by her, previous to his marriage, two sons and a daughter: the eldest son was named [his nephew] John (age 23) lord Beaufort of Lancaster; the other [his nephew] Thomas [Henry] (age 21), whom the duke kept at the schools in Oxford, and made a great churchman and civihan. He was afterward bishop of Lincoln, which is the richest bishopric in the kingdom: from affection to these children, the duke married their mother, to the great astonishment of France and England, for Catherine Swynford was of base extraction in comparison to his two former duchesses Blanche and Constance. When this marriage was announced to the ladies of high rank in England, such as the [his sister-in-law] duchess of Gloucester (age 30), the countess of Derby2, the countess of Arundel (age 20), and others connected with the royal family, they were greatly shocked, and thought the duke much to blame. They said, "he had sadly disgraced himself by thus marrying his concubine;" and added, that, "since it was so, she would be the second lady in the kingdom, and the queen (age 6) would be dishonourably accompanied by her; but that, for their parts, they would leave her to do the honours alone, for they would never enter any place where she was. They themselves would be disgraced if they suffered such a base-born duchess, who had been the duke's concubine a long time before and during his marriages, to take precedence, and their hearts would burst with grief were it to happen." Those who were the most outrageous on the subject were the [his brother] duke (age 41) and duchess of Gloucester. They considered the duke of Lancaster as a doating fool for thus marrying his concubine, and declared they would never honour his lady by calling her sister. The duke of York (age 54) made light of the matter, for he lived chiefly with the king and his brother of Lancaster. The duke of Gloucester was of a different way of thinking: although the youngest of the three brothers, he yielded to no man's opinion, was naturally very proud and overbearing, and in opposition to the king's ministers, unless he could turn them as he willed. Catherine Ruet, however, remained duchess of Lancaster, and the second lady in England, as long as she lived. She was a lady accustomed to honours, for she had been brought up at court during her youth, and the duke fondly loved the children he had by her, as he showed during his life and at his death.
Note 1. Froissart mistakes in the number, and Thomas for Henry. According to Sandford, he had four children by Catherine Swynford: — John Beaufort, earl of Somerset, — Henry Beaufort, bishop of Winchester and cardinal of Beaufort, — [his nephew] Thomas Beaufort (age 19), duke of Exeter and earl of Dorset, — [his niece] Joan Beaufort (age 17), countess of Westmoreland. For farther particulars, see Sandford and Dugdale.
Note 2. This reference to the Countess of Derby is confusing. In 1396 the Earl of Derby was [his nephew] Henry (age 28), future King Henry IV, who inherited the title from fhis mother Blanche when she died in 1368. Henry's first wife Mary Bohun had died in 1394, and he marired his second wife Joanna of Navarre Queen Consort England (age 26) in 1403?
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Parliament Rolls Richard II. 32. The [his nephew] king (age 30) to his archbishops, bishops, abbots, priors, dukes, earls, barons, justices, sheriffs, reeves, ministers, and other his bailiffs and faithful men, greeting. Know that we, considering the strenuous probity and prudent mind, distinguished conduct and nobility of birth of our beloved and faithful kinsman [his nephew] John Beaufort (age 24), knight, son of our beloved uncle [his brother] John duke of Aquitaine and Lancaster (age 56), and willing therefore deservedly to exalt the same John Beaufort with the prerogative of honour, we do appoint and create John Beaufort earl of Somerset in our present parliament, and invest him with the style and name and honour of the aforesaid earl by girding him with the sword, to have to him and his male heirs issuing from his body in perpetuity. And that the same earl and his aforesaid heirs, given such name and honour, may the better and more honourably support the burdens incumbent upon the same, of our special grace in our present parliament we have given and granted, and by this our charter confirmed, to the same earl and his aforesaid heirs twenty pounds to be received each year from the issues of the aforesaid county by the hand of the sheriff of that county for the time being, at the terms of Easter and Michaelmas [29 September] in equal portions, in perpetuity. Witnessed by these, the venerable father Thomas archbishop of Canterbury (age 44) primate of all England, John of Aquitaine and Lancaster, and Edmund of York (age 55), dukes; Robert of London, William of Winchester (age 77), John of Ely, Edmund of Exeter, our chancellor (age 53), bishops; [his nephew] Henry of Derby (age 29), [his son] Edward of Rutland (age 24), Thomas of Nottingham and marshal of England (age 28), earls; Reginald Grey (age 35), Ralph Neville (age 33), John Lovell, knights; Roger Walden dean of York, our treasurer, Thomas Percy (age 54), steward of our household, Guy Mone, keeper of our privy seal, and others. Given by our hand at Westminster on 10 February in the twentieth year of our reign [10th February 1397].
On 25th April 1397 [his father-in-law] Thomas Holland 2nd Earl Kent (age 47) died. He was buried in Bourne Abbey, Lincolnshire [Map]. His son [his brother-in-law] Thomas (age 23) succeeded 3rd Earl Kent, 2nd Baron Holand, 7th Baron Wake of Liddell. Joan Stafford Countess Kent (age 19) by marriage Countess Kent.
Around 8th September 1397 [his brother] Thomas of Woodstock 1st Duke of Gloucester (age 42) was murdered in Calais [Map] for his role as leader of the Lords Appellant. Duke Albemarle, Duke Gloucester, Earl Essex forfeit. His son [his nephew] Humphrey (age 16) succeeded 2nd Earl Buckingham.
Walter Clopton was part of the inquiry into his death the outcome of which is not known. A John Hall was executed for the murder.
On 27th November 1397 [his nephew] John Beaufort 1st Marquess Somerset and Dorset (age 24) and [his sister-in-law] Margaret Holland Duchess Clarence (age 12) were married. She by marriage Countess Somerset. She the daughter of [his father-in-law] Thomas Holland 2nd Earl Kent and [his mother-in-law] Alice Fitzalan Countess Kent (age 47). He the illegitmate son of [his brother] John of Gaunt 1st Duke Lancaster (age 57) and [his sister-in-law] Katherine Swynford aka Roet Duchess Lancaster (age 47). They were half third cousins. He a grandson of King Edward III of England. She a great x 2 granddaughter of King Edward I of England.
In 1398 [his brother-in-law] Thomas Holland 1st Duke Surrey (age 24) was appointed 88th Knight of the Garter by [his nephew] King Richard II of England (age 30).
Froissart Book 4 Chapter 95. 16th September 1398. Not long after this, the [his nephew] king of England (age 31) summoned a large council of the great nobles and prelates at Eltham [Map]. On their arrival, he placed his two uncles of [his brother] Lancaster (age 58) and York (age 57) beside him, with the earls of Northumberland (age 56), Salisbury (age 48) and Huntingdon (age 46). The [his nephew] earl of Derby (age 31) and the earl marshal (age 30) were sent for, and put into separate chambers, for it had been ordered they were not to meet. The king showed he wished to mediate between them, notwithstanding their words had been very displeasing to him, and ought not to be lightly pardoned. He required therefore that they should submit themselves to his decision; and to this end sent the constable of England, with four great barons, to oblige them to promise punctually to obey it. The constable and the lords waited on the two earls, and explained the king's intentions They both bound themselves, in their presence, to abide by whatever sentence the king should give. They having reported this, the king said, "Well then, I order that the earl marshal, for having caused trouble in this kingdom, by uttering words which he could not prove otherwise than by common report, be banished the realm: he may seek any other land he pleases to dwell in, but he must give over all hope of returning hither, as I banish him for life. I also order, that the earl of Derby, our cousin, for having angered us, and because he has been, in some measure, the cause of the earl marshal's crime and punishment, prepare to leave the kingdom within fifteen days, and be banished hence for the term of ten years, without daring to return unless recalled by us; but we shall reserve to ourself the power of abridging this term in part or altogether." The sentence was satisfactory to the lords present, who said: "The earl of Derby may readily go two or three years and amuse himself in foreign parts, for he is young enough; and, although he has already travelled to Prussia, the Holy Sepulchre, Cairo and Saint Catherine's1, he will find other places to visit. He has two sisters, queens of [his niece] Castillo (age 25) and of [his niece] Portugal (age 38), and may cheerfully pass his time with them. The lords, knights and squires of those countries, will make him welcome, for at this moment all warfare is at an end. On his arrival in Castille, as he is very active, he may put them in motion, and lead them against the infidels of Granada, which will employ his time better than remaining idle in England. Or he may go to Hainault, where his cousin, and brother in arms, the count d'Ostrevant, will be happily to see him, and gladly entertain him, that he may assist him in his war against the Frieslanders. If he go to Hainault, lie can have frequent intelligence from his own country and children. He therefore cannot fail of doing well, whithersoever he goes; and the king may speedily recall him, through means of the good friends he will leave behind, for he is the finest feather in his cap; and he must not therefore suffer him to be too long absent, if he wish to gain the love of his subjects. The earl marshal has had hard treatment, for he is banished without hope of ever being recalled; but, to say the truth, he has deserved it, for all this mischief has been caused by him and his foolish talking: he must therefore pay for it." Thus conversed many English knights with each other, the day the king passed sentence on the earl of Derby and the earl marshal.
Note 1. The monastery on Mount Sinai. - Ed.
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Before 7th October 1398 [his son] Edward 2nd Duke of York 1st Duke Albemarle (age 25) and [his daughter-in-law] Philippa Mohun Duchess York (age 31) were married. He the son of Edmund of Langley 1st Duke of York (age 57) and [his former wife] Isabella of Castile Duchess York.
Froissart Book 4 Chapter 96. After 19th October 1398. When the day of his exile drew near, he went to Eltham where the [his nephew] king (age 31) resided. [his nephew] He found there his [his brother] father (age 58), the duke of York (age 57) his uncle, and with them the earl of Northumberland (age 56), sir Henry Percy (age 34) his son, and a great many barons and knights of England, vexed that his ill fortune should force him out of England. The greater part of them accompanied him to the presence of the king, to learn his ultimate pleasure as to this banishment. The king pretended that he was very happy to see these lords: he entertained them well, and there was a full court on the occasion. The earl of Salisbury (age 48), and the earl of Huntingdon (age 46), who had married the duke of Lancaster's [his niece] daughter (age 35), were present, and kept near to the earl of Derby (age 31), whether through dissimulation or not I am ignorant. When the time for the earl of Derby's taking leave arrived, the king addressed his cousin with great apparent humility, and said, "that as God might help him, the words which had passed between him and the lord marshal had much vexed him; and that he had judged the matter between them to the best of his understanding, and to satisfy the people, who had murmured greatly at this quarrel. Wherefore, cousin," he added, "to relieve you somewhat of your pain, I now remit four years of the term of your banishment, and reduce it to six years instead often. Make your preparations, and provide accordingly." "My lord," replied the earl, "I humbly thank you; and, when it shall be your good pleasure, you will extend your mercy." The lords present were satisfied with the answer, and for this time were well pleased with the king's behaviour, for he received them kindly. Some of them returned with the earl of Derby to London. The earl's baggage had been sent forward to Dover, and he was advised by his father, on his arrival at Calais, to go straight to Paris, and wait on the king of France (age 29) and his cousins the princes of France, for by their means he would be the sooner enabled to shorten his exile than by any other. Had not the duke of Lancaster earnestly pressed this matter, like a father anxious to console his son, he would have taken the direct road to the count d'Ostrevant in Hainault.
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On 3rd February 1399 [his brother] John of Gaunt 1st Duke Lancaster (age 58) died at Leicester Castle [Map]. [his sister-in-law] Katherine Swynford aka Roet Duchess Lancaster (age 48) was by his side. His son [his nephew] Henry (age 31) succeeded 2nd Duke Lancaster, 7th Earl of Leicester. He was buried in the Choir of St Paul's Cathedral [Map] with his first wife [his former sister-in-law] Blanche Duchess of Lancaster.
[his nephew] King Richard II of England (age 32) witheld the future Henry IV's inheritance from him giving Henry reason to return to England to claim his lands and titles.
Before 19th June 1399 Edward Charleton 5th Baron Cherleton (age 29) and [his sister-in-law] Eleanor Holland Countess March and Ulster (age 28) were married. She the daughter of [his father-in-law] Thomas Holland 2nd Earl Kent and [his mother-in-law] Alice Fitzalan Countess Kent (age 49). They were half third cousin once removed. He a great x 3 grandson of King Edward I of England. She a great x 2 granddaughter of King Edward I of England.
On 7th July 1399 Edmund of Langley 1st Duke of York (age 58) appointed William Scrope 1st Earl Wiltshire (age 49), Henry Green (age 52) and John Bussy to protect Kent against invasion by [his nephew] Henry Bolingbroke Earl of Derby (age 32).
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The Chronicle of Walter of Guisborough, a canon regular of the Augustinian Guisborough Priory, Yorkshire, formerly known as The Chronicle of Walter of Hemingburgh, describes the period from 1066 to 1346. Before 1274 the Chronicle is based on other works. Thereafter, the Chronicle is original, and a remarkable source for the events of the time. This book provides a translation of the Chronicle from that date. The Latin source for our translation is the 1849 work edited by Hans Claude Hamilton. Hamilton, in his preface, says: "In the present work we behold perhaps one of the finest samples of our early chronicles, both as regards the value of the events recorded, and the correctness with which they are detailed; Nor will the pleasing style of composition be lightly passed over by those capable of seeing reflected from it the tokens of a vigorous and cultivated mind, and a favourable specimen of the learning and taste of the age in which it was framed." Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback.
After 7th January 1400. The names of the lords who were present at the said declaration are as follows:
Henry, prince of Wales (age 13).
Edmund, duke of York (age 58).
[his son] Edward, earl of Rutland (age 27).
Thomas, earl of Arundel (age 18).
[his nephew] John, earl of Somerset (age 27).
Edmund, earl of Stafford (age 21).
Henry, earl of Northumberland (age 58).
Ralph, earl of Westmorland (age 36).
Thomas, earl of Worcester (age 57).
Michael, earl of Suffolk (age 39).
Richard, Lord Grey of Codnor (age 29).
Thomas, Lord Berkeley (age 48).
John, Lord Charlton.
Reginald, Lord Grey of Ruthin (age 38).
Thomas, Lord Camoys (age 49).
Thomas, Lord Furnivall (age 38).
Robert, Lord Scales (age 28).
John, Lord Beaumont.
William, Lord Willoughby (age 30).
Hugh, Lord Burnell (age 53).
William, Lord Ferrers of Groby (age 27).
William, Lord Bergavenny (age 57).
John, Lord Lovell (age 59).
Robert, Lord Harrington (age 44).
Richard Lescrope (age 73).
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On 19th October 1401 John Charleton 4th Baron Cherleton (age 39) died. His brother Edward (age 31) succeeded 5th Baron Cherleton. [his sister-in-law] Eleanor Holland Countess March and Ulster (age 31) by marriage Baroness Cherleton.
Before 1402 [his father] King Edward III of England gave Conisbrough Castle [Map] to his son Edmund of Langley 1st Duke of York (age 60).
On 1st August 1402 Edmund of Langley 1st Duke of York (age 61) died at King's Langley, Hertfordshire [Map]. His son Edward (age 29) succeeded 2nd Duke York, 2nd Earl Cambridge and inherited his estates which included Conisbrough Castle [Map]. [his daughter-in-law] Philippa Mohun Duchess York (age 35) by marriage Duchess York.
Before 9th August 1404 William Willoughby 5th Baron Willoughby (age 34) and [his former wife] Joan Holland Duchess York (age 24) were married. She by marriage Baroness Willoughby de Eresby. She the daughter of [his former father-in-law] Thomas Holland 2nd Earl Kent and [his former mother-in-law] Alice Fitzalan Countess Kent (age 54). They were fifth cousin once removed. She a great x 2 granddaughter of King Edward I of England.
After 6th September 1410 Henry Scrope 3rd Baron Scrope of Masham (age 37) and [his former wife] Joan Holland Duchess York (age 30) were married. She by marriage Baroness Scrope of Masham. She the daughter of [his former father-in-law] Thomas Holland 2nd Earl Kent and [his former mother-in-law] Alice Fitzalan Countess Kent (age 60). They were fifth cousin once removed. She a great x 2 granddaughter of King Edward I of England.
Before 27th April 1416 Henry Bromflete 1st Baron Vesci (age 27) and [his former wife] Joan Holland Duchess York (age 36) were married. She the daughter of [his former father-in-law] Thomas Holland 2nd Earl Kent and [his former mother-in-law] Alice Fitzalan Countess Kent (deceased). They were half fifth cousin once removed. She a great x 2 granddaughter of King Edward I of England.
On 12th April 1434 [his former wife] Joan Holland Duchess York (age 54) died.
Parliament Rolls Richard II. 6. The following are assigned to be triers of petitions from Gascony and from other lands and countries overseas, and from the Channel Islands:
The archbishop of York.
The duke of York.
The Bishop of Chester.
The Abbot of Waltham.
[his son] The Earl of Rutland.
Lord Despenser.
John Hull.
Hugh Huls.
to act all together, or six of the aforesaid prelates and lords; consulting with the chancellor, treasurer, steward, and chamberlain, and also the king's serjeants when necessary. And they shall hold their session in the Marcolf Chamber.
And those who wish to submit petitions should hand them in between now and next Friday evening [26 January 1397].
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Parliament Rolls Richard II. 33. Also, on the same Saturday [10 February 1397], a charter of the [his nephew] king made to the earl marshal touching his office of marshal of England, and the gold staff adorned with the emblem of the king's arms which he will carry in his office, was read and delivered to the said earl. The tenor of which charter follows:
The king to the same, greeting. Know that whereas recently by our letters patent of our special grace we granted to our beloved kinsman Thomas, Earl of Nottingham, the office of marshal of England, together with the name and honour of earl marshal, to have to him and his male heirs issuing from his body, with all the fees, profits, and appurtenances whatsoever pertaining in any way to the said office, in perpetuity; as is fully contained in the same letters. We, mindful of the gracious and laudable services often performed by the aforementioned earl, on either side of the sea, for the benefit and honour of us and our kingdom, at no small effort, cost, and charge to him; and wishing therefore to provide for the estate and honour of that earl, of our special grace have granted in our present parliament for us and our heirs to the same earl the said office, and the name, title, and honour of earl marshal of England, to have to him and his male heirs issuing from his body, together with all offices, commodities, profits and other appurtenances whatsoever, both in our courts and elsewhere, relating or pertaining in any way to the same office, in the same manner and as fully, freely, wholly, and peacefully as Thomas Brotherton, lately Earl of Norfolk and marshal of England, father of our beloved kinswoman Margaret Countess of Norfolk, [widow] of the aforesaid late earl, or Roger Bigod sometime Earl of Norfolk and marshal of England, or any other after the death of the same former earl, or the same present earl, had or held the said office of marshal of England in their time.
Willing further and granting for us and our heirs, that the office of marshal of our Bench before us, which John Wicks holds for the term of his life by our grant, and the office of marshal in our treasury which Richard Gascoigne holds for his life by grant of our beloved brother Thomas Earl of Kent, lately marshal of England, by our confirmation; and also the office of herald of the marshal before the steward and marshal of our household, which Guy Allesley holds for his life by grant of the lord Edward [III], late king of England, our grandfather, and by our confirmation; which offices after the death of the aforesaid John, Richard and Guy should revert to us and our heirs, after the death of the same John, Richard, and Guy shall remain to the aforementioned earl marshal, to have to him and his male heirs in perpetuity. And that the same offices, and all other offices in any of our courts and elsewhere, which pertained, and used to pertain to the said office of marshal of England in times past, shall be fully restored, annexed, and reunited to the said office of marshal of England in perpetuity. And that the same earl and his male heirs may give, grant, or confer those offices on any suitable persons freely and without hindrance as soon as they shall have fallen vacant by death, demise, resignation, surrender, or in any other way, notwithstanding any of our letters patent made to the contrary.
Considering also the vigour and nobility of that earl, and that he may in future the more fittingly and honourably perform and exercise the aforesaid office, we have granted for us and our heirs to the same present earl that he and his said male heirs, marshals of England, by virtue of their aforesaid office should have, carry, and bear, as well in the presence as in the absence of us and our heirs, a certain gold staff, with both ends enamelled in black, and with the emblem of our arms decorating the top of the said staff, and with the emblem of the arms of that earl decorating the bottom of the said staff; notwithstanding that the same present earl in his time, or the aforementioned former earls, or any other who had the said office of marshal of England before this time, used to carry or bear a wooden staff. Witnessed by these, the venerable fathers Thomas archbishop of Canterbury, primate of all England, Robert of London, William of Winchester, John of Ely, Edmund of Exeter, our chancellor, bishops; [his brother] John of Aquitaine and Lancaster, Edmund of York, dukes, our beloved uncles; [his nephew] Henry of Derby, [his son] Edward of Rutland, Henry of Northumberland, earls; Reginald Grey of Ruthin, Ralph Neville, John Lovell, knights; Roger Walden, dean of York, our treasurer, Thomas Percy, steward of our household, and others. Given by our hand at Westminster on 10 February 1397.
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Kings Wessex: Great x 9 Grand Son of King Edmund "Ironside" I of England
Kings England: Son of King Edward III of England
Kings Scotland: Great x 8 Grand Son of King Duncan I of Scotland
Kings Franks: Great x 5 Grand Son of Louis VII King Franks
Kings France: Great x 9 Grand Son of Robert "Pious" II King France
Kings Duke Aquitaine: Great x 13 Grand Son of Ranulf I Duke Aquitaine
Great x 4 Grandfather: King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England Grand Son of King Henry I "Beauclerc" England
Great x 3 Grandfather: King John of England Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Eleanor of Aquitaine Queen Consort Franks and England
Great x 2 Grandfather: King Henry III of England Son of King John of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Aymer Angoulême I Count Angoulême
Great x 3 Grandmother: Isabella of Angoulême Queen Consort England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Alice Courtenay Countess Angoulême
Great x 1 Grandfather: King Edward I of England Son of King Henry III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Alfonso Barcelona II Count Provence
Great x 3 Grandfather: Raymond Berenguer Provence IV Count Provence
Great x 4 Grandmother: Gersenda II Sabran Countess Provence
Great x 2 Grandmother: Eleanor of Provence Queen Consort England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Thomas Savoy I Count Savoy
Great x 3 Grandmother: Beatrice Savoy Countess Provence
Great x 4 Grandmother: Margaret Geneva Countess Savoy
GrandFather: King Edward II of England Son of King Edward I of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Ferdinand II King Leon
Great x 3 Grandfather: Alfonso IX King Leon
Great x 4 Grandmother: Urraca Burgundy Queen Consort Leon
Great x 2 Grandfather: Ferdinand III King Castile III King Leon Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Alfonso VIII King Castile
Great x 3 Grandmother: Berengaria Ivrea I Queen Castile Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Eleanor Plantagenet Queen Consort Castile Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 1 Grandmother: Eleanor of Castile Queen Consort England 2 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Alberic Dammartin
Great x 3 Grandfather: Simon Dammartin
Great x 4 Grandmother: Mathilde Clermont
Great x 2 Grandmother: Joan Dammartin Queen Consort Castile and Leon
Great x 4 Grandfather: William Montgomery IV Count Ponthieu
Great x 3 Grandmother: Marie Montgomery Countess Ponthieu
Great x 4 Grandmother: Alys Capet Countess Ponthieu
Father: King Edward III of England Son of King Edward II of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: King Louis VIII of France 3 x Great Grand Son of King William "Conqueror" I of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: King Louis IX of France Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Blanche Ivrea Queen Consort France Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 2 Grandfather: King Philip III of France 2 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Raymond Berenguer Provence IV Count Provence
Great x 3 Grandmother: Margaret Provence Queen Consort France
Great x 4 Grandmother: Beatrice Savoy Countess Provence
Great x 1 Grandfather: King Philip IV of France 3 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Peter II King Aragon
Great x 3 Grandfather: James I King Aragon
Great x 4 Grandmother: Marie Montpellier Queen Consort Aragon
Great x 2 Grandmother: Isabella Barcelona Queen Consort France
Great x 4 Grandfather: King Andrew II of Hungary
Great x 3 Grandmother: Violant Árpád Queen Consort Aragon
GrandMother: Isabella of France Queen Consort England 4 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Theobald Blois III Count Champagne 2 x Great Grand Son of King William "Conqueror" I of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: Theobald IV King Navarre 3 x Great Grand Son of King William "Conqueror" I of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Blanche Ramirez
Great x 2 Grandfather: Henry I King Navarre 4 x Great Grand Son of King William "Conqueror" I of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Archambaud "Great" Dampierre
Great x 3 Grandmother: Margaret Bourbon Queen Consort Navarre
Great x 4 Grandmother: Alix Forez
Great x 1 Grandmother: Joan Blois I Queen Navarre 3 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: King Louis VIII of France 3 x Great Grand Son of King William "Conqueror" I of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: Robert Capet Count of Artois Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Blanche Ivrea Queen Consort France Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 2 Grandmother: Blanche Capet Queen Navarre 2 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Henry Reginar II Duke Brabant Great Grand Son of King Stephen I England
Great x 3 Grandmother: Matilda Reginar Countess Saint Pol 2 x Great Grand Daughter of King Stephen I England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Marie Swabia Duchess Brabant
Edmund of Langley 1st Duke of York Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: James Avesnes
Great x 3 Grandfather: Bouchard Avesnes
Great x 4 Grandmother: Adela Guise
Great x 2 Grandfather: John Hainault I Count Hainault 4 x Great Grand Son of King William "Conqueror" I of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Baldwin IX Count Flanders VI Count Hainault
Great x 3 Grandmother: Margaret II Countess Flanders 3 x Great Grand Daughter of King William "Conqueror" I of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Marie Blois Countess Flanders 2 x Great Grand Daughter of King William "Conqueror" I of England
Great x 1 Grandfather: John Hainault II Count Hainault II Count Holland 3 x Great Grand Son of King Stephen I England
Great x 4 Grandfather: William Gerulfing I Count Holland
Great x 3 Grandfather: Floris Gerulfing IV Count Holland
Great x 4 Grandmother: Adelaide Guelders Countess Holland
Great x 2 Grandmother: Adelaide Gerulfing Countess Hainault 2 x Great Grand Daughter of King Stephen I England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Henry Reginar VIII Duke Lower Lorraine I Duke Brabant
Great x 3 Grandmother: Mathilde Reginar Countess Holland and Palatine Great Grand Daughter of King Stephen I England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Maud Metz Grand Daughter of King Stephen I England
GrandFather: William Hainault I Count Hainault III Count Avesnes III Count Holland II Count Zeeland 4 x Great Grand Son of King Stephen I England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Henry Luxemburg III Duke Limburg
Great x 3 Grandfather: Waleran Luxemburg III Duke Limburg
Great x 4 Grandmother: Sophia Saarbrücken Duchess Limburg
Great x 2 Grandfather: Henry "Great" Luxemburg V Count Luxemburg III Count Namur
Great x 4 Grandfather: Henry "Blind" Namur IV Count Luxemburg I Count Namur
Great x 3 Grandmother: Erminsende Namur Countess of Bar
Great x 4 Grandmother: Agnes Guelders Countess Namur and Luxemburg
Great x 1 Grandmother: Philippa Luxemburg Countess Hainault and Holland 5 x Great Grand Daughter of King William "Conqueror" I of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Theobald of Bar I Count of Bar 2 x Great Grand Son of King William "Conqueror" I of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: Henry of Bar II Count of Bar 3 x Great Grand Son of King William "Conqueror" I of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Erminsende of Bar Sur Seine Countess Bar
Great x 2 Grandmother: Margaret of Bar Countess Luxemburg and Namur 4 x Great Grand Daughter of King William "Conqueror" I of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Robert Capet II Count Dreux
Great x 3 Grandmother: Philippa Capet Countess of Bar
Great x 4 Grandmother: Yolande Coucy Countess Dreux
Mother: Philippa of Hainault Queen Consort England 5 x Great Grand Daughter of King Stephen I England
Great x 4 Grandfather: King Louis VIII of France 3 x Great Grand Son of King William "Conqueror" I of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: King Louis IX of France Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Blanche Ivrea Queen Consort France Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 2 Grandfather: King Philip III of France 2 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Raymond Berenguer Provence IV Count Provence
Great x 3 Grandmother: Margaret Provence Queen Consort France
Great x 4 Grandmother: Beatrice Savoy Countess Provence
Great x 1 Grandfather: Charles Valois I Count Valois 3 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Peter II King Aragon
Great x 3 Grandfather: James I King Aragon
Great x 4 Grandmother: Marie Montpellier Queen Consort Aragon
Great x 2 Grandmother: Isabella Barcelona Queen Consort France
Great x 4 Grandfather: King Andrew II of Hungary
Great x 3 Grandmother: Violant Árpád Queen Consort Aragon
GrandMother: Joan Valois Countess Zeeland Holland Avesnes and Hainault 4 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: King Louis VIII of France 3 x Great Grand Son of King William "Conqueror" I of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: King Charles Capet of Sicily Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Blanche Ivrea Queen Consort France Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 2 Grandfather: Charles II King Naples 2 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Raymond Berenguer Provence IV Count Provence
Great x 3 Grandmother: Beatrice Provence Queen Consort Sicily
Great x 4 Grandmother: Beatrice Savoy Countess Provence
Great x 1 Grandmother: Margaret Capet Countess Valois 3 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Béla IV King of Hungary
Great x 3 Grandfather: Stephen V of Hungary
Great x 2 Grandmother: Mary of Hungary Queen Consort Naples
Great x 3 Grandmother: Elizabeth Cuman