Spain is in Europe.
1501 Arrival of Catherine of Aragon
1587 Singeing the King of Spain's Beard
On 25th August 1330 James "Black" Douglas [aged 44] was killed during the Battle of Teba at Teba whilst en route to the Holy Land with the heart of King Robert the Bruce I of Scotland.
On 25th March 1157 Alfonso II King Aragon was born to Raymond V Count Barcelona [aged 43] and Petronilla Jiménez Queen Aragon [aged 20] at Huesca. He married his half third cousin once removed Sancha Ivrea Queen Consort Aragon, daughter of Alfonso VII King Castile VII King Leon and Richeza Unknown Queen Consort Castile Queen Consort Leon, and had issue.
On 14th March 1757 Admiral John Byng [aged 52] was executed by firing squad for having been found guilty of his perceived failure to relieve the garrison at Menorca. The execution caused public outrage among fellow officers and the country at large. He was buried in the Bing Vault, All Saints Church, Southill.
Calendar of State Papers of Spain. 4th October 1501. Voyage of the Princess of Wales [Catherine of Aragon [aged 15]], and arrival in England. 305. The Licentiate Alcares to Queen Isabella [aged 50].
The Princess of Wales embarked1 on Monday the 27th of September. At five o'clock in the afteroon the ship weighed anchor, and set sail. The weather was favourable at first, but changed after midnight. Continued their voyage until they were off Ushant [Map], without any great inconvenience. The winds were variable, but the sea was not rough. When they had passed Ushant [Map], however, they were overtaken by a most furious vendabal2, thunderstorms, and immense waves. Had a thunderstorm every four or five hours during the rest of the voyage. "It was impossible not to be frightened."
The following Saturday [2nd October 1501], at 3 o'clock in the afternoon, the Princess entered the harbour of Plymouth [Map], which is the first on the coast of England. "She could not have been received with greater rejoicings, if she had been the Saviour of the world." As soon as she left the boat, she went in procession to the church [Plymouth Monastery [Map]], where, it is to be hoped, God gave her the possession of all these realms for such a period as would be long enough to enable her to enjoy life, and to leave heirs to the throne.—4th of October.
Addressed: "To the very powerful Queen of Spain, our excellent Lady." Spanish. Holograph, pp. 2.
Note 1. In Laredo [Map]
Note 2. "Viento de abajo" (wind from below), that is, according to Castilian phraseology, south wind.
On 21st October 1805 Admiral Henry Digby [aged 35] commanded Africa at Cape Trafalgar during the Battle of Trafalgar.
Richard King 2nd Baronet [aged 30] captained HMS Achille, the seventh ship in Collingwood's division. Achille was heavily engaged, chasing off the Spanish Montanez and the battling alongside HMS Belleisle with the Argonauta. Whilst chasing this ship through the melee, Achille was cut off by her namesake, the French Achille, with whom she began a savage cannonade until joined by the French ship Berwick, whom Achille turned her attention on.
George Alexander Barker [aged 20] served on The Swiftsure.
On 10th March 1503 Ferdinand I Holy Roman Emperor was born to Philip "Handsome Fair" King Castile [aged 24] and Joanna "The Mad" Trastámara Queen Castile [aged 24] at Alcalá de Henares. He a great x 4 grandson of King Edward III of England. Coefficient of inbreeding 2.88%. He married before 9th July 1526 his half second cousin once removed Anne Jagiellon and had issue.
On 3rd April 1367 the forces of Peter "Cruel" I King Castile [aged 32] commanded by Edward "Black Prince" [aged 36] defeated the army of Henry "Fratricide" II King Castile [aged 33] at the Battle of Nájera at Nájera [Map]. The English forces included John of Gaunt 1st Duke Lancaster [aged 27], William Scrope, Peter Courtenay [aged 21], John Devereux 1st Baron Devereux [aged 30], John Savile of Shelley and Golcar [aged 42], Bernard Brocas [aged 37] and Thomas Banastre [aged 33].
The forces of Henry "Fratricide" II King Castile included Bertrand Geusclin [aged 47]. The battle achieved little since Bertrand Geusclin escaped.
John Ferrers 4th Baron Ferrers of Chartley [aged 36] was killed. His succeeded son Robert Ferrers 5th Baron Ferrers of Chartley [aged 9] succeeded 5th Baron Ferrers of Chartley. Margaret Despencer Baroness Ferrers of Chartley by marriage Baroness Ferrers of Chartley.
Edward "Black Prince" thereafter returned home, taking Peter's daughters Constance [aged 13] and Isabella [aged 12] as hostages to ensure Peter would pay the money owed to Edward. Constance married John of Gaunt 1st Duke Lancaster, Isabella married Edmund of Langley 1st Duke of York [aged 25].
On 24th April 1386 Gilbert Talbot 3rd Baron Talbot [aged 54] died at Roales del Pan. His succeeded son Richard Talbot 7th Baron Strange Blackmere 4th Baron Talbot [aged 25] succeeded 4th Baron Talbot. Ankaret Strange 7th Baroness Strange Blackmere, Baroness Talbot [aged 25] by marriage Baroness Talbot.
On 25th May 1387 Richard Poynings 3rd Baron Poynings [aged 28] died at Villalpando. His succeeded son Robert Poynings 4th Baron Poynings [aged 4] succeeded 4th Baron Poynings.
On 15th September 1054 García III King Pamplona [aged 42] died in Barcelona [Map]. His succeeded son Sancho succeeded IV King Pamplona.
In 1174 Alfonso Barcelona II Count Provence was born to Alfonso II King Aragon [aged 16] and Sancha Ivrea Queen Consort Aragon [aged 19] at Barcelona [Map]. He married 1193 Gersenda II Sabran Countess Provence and had issue.
On 24th June 1373 King John I of Aragon [aged 22] and Martha Armagnac Queen Consort Aragon [aged 26] were married at Barcelona [Map]. She by marriage Queen Consort Aragon. She the daughter of John I Count Armagnac [deceased] and Beatrice Clermont Countess Armagnac. He the son of Peter IV King Aragon [aged 53] and Eleanor of Sicily Queen Consort Aragon [aged 48]. They were fourth cousin once removed. She a great x 5 granddaughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England.
On 15th December 1470 John Valois Anjou II Duke Lorraine [aged 46] died at Barcelona [Map].
In 1705 Anthony Rodney [aged 75] died at Barcelona [Map].
Between 14th September 1705 and 19th October 1705 a multinational Grand Alliance army led by Lord Peterborough [aged 47] captured the city of Barcelona [Map] from its Spanish defenders, most of whom then joined the Grand Aliance army.
On 13th September 1705 Prince George of Hesse Darmstadt [aged 36] was killed.
Abbot John Whethamstede’s Chronicle of the Abbey of St Albans
Abbot John Whethamstede's Register aka Chronicle of his second term at the Abbey of St Albans, 1451-1461, is a remarkable text that describes his first-hand experience of the beginning of the Wars of the Roses including the First and Second Battles of St Albans, 1455 and 1461, respectively, their cause, and their consequences, not least on the Abbey itself. His text also includes Loveday, Blore Heath, Northampton, the Act of Accord, Wakefield, and Towton, and ends with the Coronation of King Edward IV. In addition to the events of the Wars of the Roses, Abbot John, or his scribes who wrote the Chronicle, include details in the life of the Abbey such as charters, letters, land exchanges, visits by legates, and disputes, which provide a rich insight into the day-to-day life of the Abbey, and the challenges faced by its Abbot.
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Adeline Horsey Recollections. On September 28, 1858, my marriage took place at the Military Chapel, Gibraltar, and I was the first Countess of Cardigan to be married on foreign soil. I wore a white silk gown draped with a blue scarf, and a large hat adorned with many feathers; Lord Cardigan's [aged 60] friends, Stuart Paget, Mrs, Paget and the Misses Paget, were present, and we gave a ball on the yacht in the evening. We spent a very gay week at Gibraltar, and then left for Cádiz, touching at Malacca and Alicante; then we took rail to Madrid [Map], where we arrived on October 16 in time to witness a review of 30,000 troops on Queen Isabella's [aged 27] birthday. After a short stay at Madrid we rejoined the Airedale at Barcelona [Map], and went 500 miles by sea to Leghorn. We experienced bad weather and many storms, and every one on board was ill except myself. The cook was a great sufferer, and his absence was naturally felt by those who were able to look at food without aversion.
On 29th April 1587 the English fleet commanded by Francis Drake [aged 47] entered the Bay of Cádiz Spain in the evening to discover sixty Spanish and twenty French ships. The Spanish ships, under the command of Pedro de Acuña, sailed out to meet the English fleet but were forced to retire back to Cadiz before the superiority of the English. Gun positions on the shore opened fire, shelling the English fleet from the coast with little effect. During the night of the 29th and all the following day and night the battle raged in the bay. At dawn on 1 May, the English withdrew having destroyed around thirty-two Spanish ships, with a combined capacity of 10,000 tons, and captured four other ships, laden with provisions.
On 29th June 1596 the fleet arrived in Cádiz Spain. In the Bay of Cádiz some 40 Spanish ships, ranging from galleys to galleons, as well as 16 other vessels from the Spanish convoy, which were disarmed and ready to depart for the West Indies. These unarmed vessels immediately fled to Puerto Real for refuge.
On 30th June 1596 at two in the morning the Anglo-Dutch fleet could be seen from Cádiz Spain, but it could not enter the bay due to bad weather. At five o'clock in the morning, both sides commenced an intense artillery barrage. After two hours, the Spanish fleet, outnumbered by the English, had to retreat to the interior of the bay. In the fray, the Spanish galleons San Andrés and San Mateo were captured, while the San Felipe and Santo Tomás sank, set fire by their captains in the face of possible capture by the Anglo-Dutch forces. They entered the bay at eight o'clock in the morning.
On 23rd October 1732 Wriothesley Russell 3rd Duke Bedford [aged 24] died at A Coruña. He was buried at Bedford Chapel, St Michael's Church, Chenies. His succeeded brother John [aged 22] succeeded 4th Duke Bedford, 4th Marquess Tavistock, 8th Earl Bedford, 8th Baron Russell of Cheneys, 6th Baron Russell of Thornhaugh, 4th Baron Howland of Streatham. Diana Spencer Duchess Bedford [aged 22] by marriage Duchess Bedford.
On 25th February 1827 Ramón Santamarina Valcárcel was born at Ourense.
On 1st August 1704 Admiral George Rooke [aged 54] attacked Gibraltar both by sea and by land (commanded by Prince George of Hesse Darmstadt [aged 35]). After the three days of fighting the Spanish surrendered.
On 24th August 1704 the largest naval of the War of the Spanish Sucession was fought at Vélez Málaga a week after the capture of Gibraltar by the British.
On 28th April 1781 William Home 8th Earl of Home died at Gibraltar. His succeeded brother Alexander Home 9th Earl of Home succeeded 9th Earl of Home. Abigail Browne Ramey Countess Home by marriage Countess of Home.
On 20th October 1812 George Cholmondeley 2nd Marquess Cholmondeley [aged 20] and Caroline Anne Julie Campbell were married at Gibraltar. He the son of George Cholmondeley 1st Marquess Cholmondeley [aged 63] and Georgina Charlotte Bertie Marchioness Cholmondeley [aged 51].
Adeline Horsey Recollections. On the morning of July 12, 1858, I was awakened by a loud knocking at the front door. I looked at my watch, and saw that it was not seven o'clock; I was, needless to say, very alarmed, as I wondered whether anything had happened to my father or my brothers. The knocking continued - I heard the bolts drawn, the door opened, and a voice I knew well called impatiently for me. It was Lord Cardigan [aged 60]! I had just time to slip on a dressing-gown before he came into my room, sans ceremonie, and taking me in his arms he said, "' My dearest, she's [aged 60] dead ... let's get married at once". Then I knew that the trying period of our probation was over, and that we were free to be happy together at last.
When Cardigan grew calmer he told me he had just come from his wife's death-bed. The poor lady had urged him to marry me, saying she knew that I should make him happy. She had also warned him against Maria, Marchioness of Ailesbury [aged 45], the extent of whose love affairs, it appears, was only known to Lady Cardigan, who told his Lordship the unvarnished truth about them.
Note A. I did not wish to insult the memory of the dead woman, who had shown me so many kindnesses, I refused to marry Cardigan until some time had elapsed. He went to Ireland in his official capacity of Inspector of Cavalry, and I lived on quietly at Norfolk Street till September, when I left London for Cowes. I then went on board Lord Cardigan's yacht the Airedale, where he and a party of friends were awaiting me, and we sailed for Gibraltar.
Nothing particular occurred en route; we were all in the best of spirits, and I felt as though I were the Princess in some delightful fairy-tale. The day after we arrived at Gibraltar there was a terrible storm, almost tropical in its violence. Roofs were torn off houses and whirled, light as dead leaves, through the air, great trees were uprooted, heavy masonry fell everywhere, and the ships tossed about like cockle-shells in the harbour. It was almost a scene from the Inferno, and our horror was intensified when we saw the signals from a French vessel in distress. Nobody seemed inclined to put out, so I begged Lord Cardigan to send the Airedale to try and save the crew. He assented, and through this timely aid from our yacht fourteen men were rescued, and we also took a French poodle off a raft to which he was clinging, his owner doubtless having been drowned.
Adeline Horsey Recollections. On September 28, 1858, my marriage took place at the Military Chapel, Gibraltar, and I was the first Countess of Cardigan to be married on foreign soil. I wore a white silk gown draped with a blue scarf, and a large hat adorned with many feathers; Lord Cardigan's [aged 60] friends, Stuart Paget, Mrs, Paget and the Misses Paget, were present, and we gave a ball on the yacht in the evening. We spent a very gay week at Gibraltar, and then left for Cádiz, touching at Malacca and Alicante; then we took rail to Madrid [Map], where we arrived on October 16 in time to witness a review of 30,000 troops on Queen Isabella's [aged 27] birthday. After a short stay at Madrid we rejoined the Airedale at Barcelona [Map], and went 500 miles by sea to Leghorn. We experienced bad weather and many storms, and every one on board was ill except myself. The cook was a great sufferer, and his absence was naturally felt by those who were able to look at food without aversion.
From 17th February 1885 to 14th March 1886 Lieutenant Mildmay Edward Fane [aged 21] served at Gibraltar with the 3rd Battalion Rifle Brigade.
Adeline Horsey Recollections. On September 28, 1858, my marriage took place at the Military Chapel, Gibraltar, and I was the first Countess of Cardigan to be married on foreign soil. I wore a white silk gown draped with a blue scarf, and a large hat adorned with many feathers; Lord Cardigan's [aged 60] friends, Stuart Paget, Mrs, Paget and the Misses Paget, were present, and we gave a ball on the yacht in the evening. We spent a very gay week at Gibraltar, and then left for Cádiz, touching at Malacca and Alicante; then we took rail to Madrid [Map], where we arrived on October 16 in time to witness a review of 30,000 troops on Queen Isabella's [aged 27] birthday. After a short stay at Madrid we rejoined the Airedale at Barcelona [Map], and went 500 miles by sea to Leghorn. We experienced bad weather and many storms, and every one on board was ill except myself. The cook was a great sufferer, and his absence was naturally felt by those who were able to look at food without aversion.
On 29th January 1825 María Francisca "Paca" Palafox Duchess of Veragua, Berwick and Alba was born to Cipriano de Palafox 8th Count of Montijo [aged 40] and María Manuela-Kirkpatrick y de Grevignée [aged 30] at Granada. She married 14th February 1838 Jacopo Fitz James Stuart 15th Duke Alba 13th Duke Veragua 8th Duke Berwick, son of Carlos Miguel Fitz James Stuart 12th Duke Veragua 7th Duke Berwick 14th Duke Alba and Rosalía Ventimiglia Duchess Veragua Duchess Berwick Duchess Alba.
Before 28th July 1488 Edward Woodville Lord Scales [aged 32] fought at Loja during the Siege of Loja.
Chronicle of Geoffrey le Baker of Swinbroke
Baker was a secular clerk from Swinbroke, now Swinbrook, an Oxfordshire village two miles east of Burford. His Chronicle describes the events of the period 1303-1356: Gaveston, Bannockburn, Boroughbridge, the murder of King Edward II, the Scottish Wars, Sluys, Crécy, the Black Death, Winchelsea and Poitiers. To quote Herbert Bruce 'it possesses a vigorous and characteristic style, and its value for particular events between 1303 and 1356 has been recognised by its editor and by subsequent writers'. The book provides remarkable detail about the events it describes. Baker's text has been augmented with hundreds of notes, including extracts from other contemporary chronicles, such as the Annales Londonienses, Annales Paulini, Murimuth, Lanercost, Avesbury, Guisborough and Froissart to enrich the reader's understanding. The translation takes as its source the 'Chronicon Galfridi le Baker de Swynebroke' published in 1889, edited by Edward Maunde Thompson.
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Around 1540 Bernardino De Mendoza was born in Guadalajara Spain.
On 9th December 1710 the Battle of Briheuga was concluded at Brihuega, Guadalajara. The British rearguard under James Stanhope 1st Earl Stanhope [aged 37] was surrounded in Brihuega by a Franco-Spanish army under Louis Joseph Bourbon Vendôme 3rd Duke Vendôme [aged 56]. James Stanhope 1st Earl Stanhope surrendered once Vendôme's men had breached the town. The British troops were released and returned home in Oct 1711.
On 4th October 1974 Ataúlfo Alejandro Orléans Galliera [aged 60] died at Málaga.
On 10th December 304 Saint Eulalia of Mérida [aged 12] burned at the stake at Augusta Emerita for refusing to adopt Roman Gods. She challenged the authorities to martyr her. The judge's attempts at flattery and bribery failed. She was stripped by the soldiers, tortured with hooks and torches, and burnt at the stake. When she died a dove flew out of her mouth. Snow covered her nakedness.
On 30th September 1439 Charles "Viana" IV King Navarre [aged 18] and Agnes de la Marck Queen Consort Navarre were married at Olite. She the daughter of Adolph de la Marck I Duke Cleves [aged 66] and Marie Valois Duchess Cleves [aged 46]. He the son of John II King Aragon [aged 41] and Blanche Évreux Queen Consort Aragon [aged 51]. They were third cousins. She a great x 5 granddaughter of King Edward I of England.
Around 780 the body of Saint Eulalia of Mérida was moved to Oviedo.
Before 17th September 1388 Henry III King Castile [aged 8] and Catherine of Lancaster Queen Consort Castile [aged 15] were married at Palencia Cathedral [Map]. She by marriage Queen Consort Castile. She the daughter of John of Gaunt 1st Duke Lancaster [aged 48] and Constance of Castile Duchess of Lancaster [aged 34]. He the son of John I King Castile [aged 30] and Eleanor Barcelona Queen Consort Castile. They were half second cousins. She a granddaughter of King Edward III of England.
On 27th June 1194 Sancho "Wise" King Navarre [aged 62] died at Pamplona [Map]. His succeeded son Sancho [aged 40] succeeded VII King Navarre.
On 5th March 1329 Philip "Noble" III King Navarre [aged 22] and Joan Capet II Queen Navarre [aged 17] were crowned joint King and Queen of Navrarre at Pamplona [Map].
Around 1370 Joanna of Navarre Queen Consort England was born to Charles "Bad" II King Navarre [aged 37] and Joan Valois Queen Consort Navarre [aged 26] at Pamplona [Map]. She a great x 4 granddaughter of King Henry III of England. Coefficient of inbreeding 4.15%. She married (1) 2nd October 1386 her second cousin twice removed John Montfort V Duke Brittany and had issue (2) 7th February 1403 her third cousin King Henry IV of England, son of John of Gaunt 1st Duke Lancaster and Blanche Duchess of Lancaster.
In 1406 James Bourbon Count Le Marche [aged 36] and Beatrice Évreux [aged 14] were married in Pamplona [Map]. The difference in their ages was 22 years. She the daughter of Charles III King Navarre [aged 45] and Eleanor of Castile Queen Consort Navarre [aged 42]. He the son of Jean Bourbon I Count La Marche and Catherine Vendome. They were fourth cousin once removed. She a great x 5 granddaughter of King Henry III of England.
On 4th October 1497 John Trastámara Prince Asturias [aged 19] died at Salamanca [Map].
On 12th November 1543 Philip "The Prudent" II King Spain [aged 16] and Maria Aviz [aged 16] were married at Salamanca [Map]. She the daughter of John III King Portugal [aged 41] and Catherine of Austria Queen Consort Portugal [aged 36]. He the son of Charles V Holy Roman Emperor [aged 43] and Isabel Aviz Queen Consort Spain. They were double first cousins. He a great x 5 grandson of King Edward III of England. She a great x 5 granddaughter of King Edward III of England.
Henrici Quinti, Angliæ Regis, Gesta, is a first-hand account of the Agincourt Campaign, and subsequent events to his death in 1422. The author of the first part was a Chaplain in King Henry's retinue who was present from King Henry's departure at Southampton in 1415, at the siege of Harfleur, the battle of Agincourt, and the celebrations on King Henry's return to London. The second part, by another writer, relates the events that took place including the negotiations at Troye, Henry's marriage and his death in 1422.
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On 28th December 1718 James Fitz James 3rd Duke Berwick 10th Duke Veragua was born to James Fitz James 2nd Duke Berwick [aged 22] and Catalina Ventura Colón Duchess Berwick 9th Duchess Veragua [aged 28] at Alba de Tormes. He a great grandson of King James II of England Scotland and Ireland. He married 26th July 1738 Maria Teresa Silva Duchess Berwick and Veragua and had issue.
On 22nd July 1812 the Battle of Salamanca was fought at which an Anglo-Portuguese army under the Earl of Wellington [aged 43] defeated Marshal Auguste Marmont's French forces at Arapiles [Map].
Brother General Thomas Bradford [aged 34] and Lieutenant-Colonel Henry Hollis Bradford [aged 31] fought.
Major-General John Le Marchant [aged 46] was killed in action. Wellington is reported as saying to Le Marchant that he must take the first favourable opportunity to engage the enemy's infantry, "You must then charge at all hazards" was his final instruction. Following up the attack of the 5th Infantry Division Le Marchant led the 3rd and 4th Dragoons and the 5th Dragoon Guards in what was probably the most destructive charge made by a single brigade of cavalry in the whole Napoleonic period. The left wing of the French army were on the point of being defeated by the 3rd and 5th divisions of Anglo-Portuguese infantry when Le Marchant's dragoons charged in and destroyed battalion after battalion. Many of the French infantrymen sought the protection of the British infantry to escape the sabres of the dragoons. Le Marchant, knowing he had achieved a magnificent success, was leading a squadron against the last of the formed French infantry when he was shot and his spine broken. See Fletcher's "Galloping at Everything: The British Cavalry in the Peninsula and at Waterloo 1808-15". Spellmount, Staplehurst. ISBN 1-86227-016-3. 1999, pp. 185–188.
On 6th August 1975 Alfonso Orléans Galliera Duke Galliera [aged 88] died at Sanlúcar de Barrameda.
On 13th July 1966 Beatrice Windsor Duchess Galliera [aged 82] died at El Botánico.
After 16th March 1322 Robert Lisle 1st Baron Lisle [aged 34] went on pilgrimage at Santiago de Compostela.
On 13th January 1334 Fadrique Alfonso Ivrea was born illegitimately to Alfonso "Avenger" XI King Castile [aged 22] and Eleanor Guzman at Seville.
In September 1343 Gaston Foix II Count Foix [aged 35] died of plague at Seville. His succeeded son Gaston [aged 12] succeeded III Count Foix.
On 29th May 1358 Fadrique Alfonso Ivrea [aged 24] was murdered at Seville on behalf of his brother Peter "Cruel" I King Castile [aged 23].
In July 1361 Maria Padilla [aged 27] died at Seville.
On 30th June 1478 John Trastámara Prince Asturias was born to Ferdinand II King Aragon [aged 26] and Isabella Queen Castile [aged 27] at Seville. He a great x 3 grandson of King Edward III of England. Coefficient of inbreeding 3.23%. He married 3rd April 1496 his second cousin once removed Margaret of Austria Princess Asturias, daughter of Maximilian Habsburg I Holy Roman Emperor and Mary Valois Duchess Burgundy.
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 1st August 1664. So home, and there talked long with Will about the young woman of his family which he spoke of for to live with my wife, but though she hath very many good qualitys, yet being a neighbour's child and young and not very staid, I dare not venture of having her, because of her being able to spread any report of our family upon any discontent among the heart of our neighbours. So that my dependance is upon Mr. Blagrave, and so home to supper and to bed. Last night, at 12 o'clock, I was waked with knocking at Sir W. Pen's [aged 43] door; and what was it but people's running up and down to bring him word that his George Penn [deceased]1, who hath been a good while, it seems, sicke, is dead.
Note 1. George Penn, the elder brother of Sir W. Penn, was a wealthy merchant at San Lucar, the port of Seville. He was seized as a heretic by the Holy Office, and cast into a dungeon eight feet square and dark as the grave. There he remained three years, every month being scourged to make him confess his crimes. At last, after being twice put to the rack, he offered to confess whatever they would suggest. His property, £12,000, was then confiscated, his wife, a Catholic, taken from him, and he was banished from Spain for ever.-M. B.
On 13th June 1988 Carlos Fitz-James Stuart 19th Duke of Alba 12th Duke of Berwick [aged 39] and Matilde de Solís-Beaumont y Martínez de Campos were married at Seville Cathedral. He the son of Luis Martínez de Irujo y Artázcoz and María del Rosario Cayetana Fitz-James Stuart 18th Duchess of Alba 11th Duke of Berwick [aged 62].
On 13th February 1468 Juana Enríquez Queen Consort Aragon [aged 43] died at Tarragona.
In 1479 Joanna "The Mad" Trastámara Queen Castile was born to Ferdinand II King Aragon [aged 26] and Isabella Queen Castile [aged 27] in Toledo. She a great x 3 granddaughter of King Edward III of England. Coefficient of inbreeding 3.23%. She married 20th October 1496 her second cousin once removed Philip "Handsome Fair" King Castile, son of Maximilian Habsburg I Holy Roman Emperor and Mary Valois Duchess Burgundy, and had issue.
On 22nd July 1525 Richard Wingfield [aged 56] died at Toledo. He was buried at San Juan de los Reyes.
Adam Murimuth's Continuation and Robert of Avesbury’s 'The Wonderful Deeds of King Edward III'
This volume brings together two of the most important contemporary chronicles for the reign of Edward III and the opening phases of the Hundred Years’ War. Written in Latin by English clerical observers, these texts provide a vivid and authoritative window into the political, diplomatic, and military history of fourteenth-century England and its continental ambitions. Adam Murimuth Continuatio's Chronicarum continues an earlier chronicle into the mid-fourteenth century, offering concise but valuable notices on royal policy, foreign relations, and ecclesiastical affairs. Its annalistic structure makes it especially useful for establishing chronology and tracing the development of events year by year. Complementing it, Robert of Avesbury’s De gestis mirabilibus regis Edwardi tertii is a rich documentary chronicle preserving letters, treaties, and official records alongside narrative passages. It is an indispensable source for understanding Edward III’s claim to the French crown, the conduct of war, and the mechanisms of medieval diplomacy. Together, these works offer scholars, students, and enthusiasts a reliable and unembellished account of a transformative period in English and European history. Essential for anyone interested in medieval chronicles, the Hundred Years’ War, or the reign of Edward III.
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On 22nd July 1525 Richard Wingfield [aged 56] died at Toledo. He was buried at San Juan de los Reyes.
In 1425 Juana Enríquez Queen Consort Aragon was born to Fadrique Enríquez Count Melgar Count Rueda [aged 35] and Mariana Fernández Countess Melgar [aged 31] at Torrelobatón. She married after 1441 her second cousin once removed John II King Aragon, son of Ferdinand I King Aragon and Eleanor of Alberquerque Queen Consort Aragon, and had issue.
On 30th September 1785 James Fitz James 3rd Duke Berwick 10th Duke Veragua [aged 66] died at Valencia. His succeeded son Carlos Fitz James Stuart 10th Duke Veragua 4th Duke Berwick [aged 33] succeeded 10th Duke Veragua, 4th Duke of Liria, 4th Duke of Jérica, 4th Duke Berwick. Caroline Stolberg Gedern Duchess Veragua Duchess Berwick [aged 30].
On 25th March 1752 Carlos Fitz James Stuart 10th Duke Veragua 4th Duke Berwick was born to James Fitz James 3rd Duke Berwick 10th Duke Veragua [aged 33] and Maria Teresa Silva Duchess Berwick and Veragua [aged 35] at Llíria. He a great x 2 grandson of King James II of England Scotland and Ireland. He married 9th October 1771 Caroline Stolberg Gedern Duchess Veragua Duchess Berwick and had issue.
Letters. 1412. Letter XXXIII. Catherine [aged 38] daughter of John of Gaunt, Queen of Castile and Leon, to her brother Henry IV [aged 44].
Most high and powerful Don Henry, by God's grace king of England and France, lord of Ireland, my most dear and beloved, and with all my heart, and with my entire mind, most cherished brother and lord, I, undoubted Queen of Castile and Leon, mother of the king and his guardian, and Governor of his realms, send to recommend myself to your favour and benediction, and much to salute you as him, to whom I pray that God would give as much health and life with honour as you yourself desire.
Most dear and beloved brother and lord, I entreat that by all means, as continually as you can, you will certify and let me know of your health, and life, and good estate and of the Queen [aged 42] your companion, my dearest and best-loved sister; and of the Prince of Wales [aged 25], and the other princes your sons, my dearest and best-loved nephews; by which you will do me most singular pleasure and honour, and it will be a thing which will greatly please me, since it ia one of the most principal things of this world at which my heart is most joyous and consoled. And since, dearest and best-loved brother and lord, I know well that you will be pleased with the same thing, I certify and let you know, that, at the time when this letter was written, the said king my son [aged 6], your dearest and best-loved nephew, and I, and the infantas Donna Maria [aged 10] and Catherine Trastámara [aged 9] my daughters, your dearest and best-loved nieces, are well, and in good disposition of our persons; praise to God, who thus grant us to continue, and by his same grace grant it to you at all times.
Moreover, dearest and best-loved brother and lord, we give you to know that, having seen your writing which you sent me by John de Samora, your messenger, and understood its contents, whereas I find there how you complain that the truce was past some days before a prolongation was fixed for another following year, according as he will make relation to you. About this, and, moreover, about the coming of your ambassadors, who should come to join themselves with those whom the king my son should send, to see and determine upon the damage and mischief which those who are injured have received of their own goods, f send to you the said John de Samora, who will speak of some things that he will have to say to you from me, and of others which have been already confirmed in my name, which he will tell you. Wherefore, dearest and best-beloved brother and lord, I request you that it would please you to give faith and credence to the things that he will say to you on my part in this matter. Dearest and best-loved brother and lord, may the Holy Trinity ever have you in his holy keeping! Written in the city of Valladolid [Map], the 30th day of July. I THE Queen.
On 2nd June 1418 Catherine of Lancaster Queen Consort Castile [aged 45] died at Valladolid [Map]. She was buried at Capilla de los Reyes Nuevos, Cathedral of Toledo.
In 1553 Juan Pantoja de La Cruz was born in Valladolid [Map].
On 9th February 1605 Filippo Emanuele Prince of Piedmont [aged 18] died of smallpox at Valladolid [Map]. His succeeded brother Victor Amadeus I Duke of Savoy [aged 17] succeeded Duke Savoy.
On 19th June 1652 Francis Cottingham 1st Baron Cottingham [aged 73] died at Valladolid [Map]. Baron Cottingham of Hanworth in Middlesex and Baronet Cottingham of Hanworth in Middlesex extinct.
On 5th September 1846 Charles Anderson-Pelham 1st Earl Yarborough [aged 65] died aboard his yacht at Vigo. His succeeded son Charles Anderson-Pelham 2nd Earl Yarborough [aged 37] succeeded 2nd Earl Yarborough, 3rd Baron Yarborough. Maria Adelaide Maude Countess Yarborough [aged 31] by marriage Countess Yarborough.
In 1367 Hugh Courtenay [aged 22] was knighted at Vitoria.
On 24th August 1704 the largest naval of the War of the Spanish Sucession was fought at Vélez Málaga a week after the capture of Gibraltar by the British.
On 21st September 1558 Charles V Holy Roman Emperor [aged 58] died at the Monastery of Yuste [Map]. His succeeded son Philip [aged 31] succeeded II King Spain.
