13 Apr is in April.
14th April 1471 Battle of Barnet
1477 Trial and Execution of Ankarette Twynyho
1641 Trial and Execution of the Earl of Strafford
On 13th April 1111 Henry V Holy Roman Emperor [aged 29] was crowned Holy Roman Emperor.
Chronicle of William Nangis. 1114. In the district of Brabant, around Tournai, so great a snow fell on the ninth day before the Kalends of May [23rd April 1114] that it even broke the forests by its weight. Near Ravenna and Parma, cities of Italy, in the fields and within the walls, blood rained in the month of June. Also on the Ides of November [13th April], in the suburb of Antioch, the earth opening by night swallowed many towers and many neighbouring houses with their inhabitants.
MCXIV. In pago Brabatensi, circa Tornacum, nix tanta cecidit nono kalendas maii, ut etiam [pondere suo] sylvas fregerit. Apud Ravennam et Parmam, civitates Italiæ, in agris et intra moenia sanguis pluit juniomense. Idibus etiam novembris in suburbio Antiochiae terra noclu dehiscens tnrres multas et adjacentes muItas domos cum habitatoribus absorbuit.
Chronicle of Roger de Hoveden. 13th April 1194. On the thirteenth day of April, the king arrived at Woodstock [Map].
Tertia decima die mensis Aprilis venit rex ad Wudestoc.
On 13th April 1229 Louis "Strict" Wittelsbach II Duke Upper Bavaria was born to Otto "Illustrious" Wittelsbach II Duke Bavaria [aged 23] and Agnes Welf Duchess Bavaria [aged 28] at Heidelburg. He a great x 2 grandson of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England. He married (1) 2nd August 1254 his fourth cousin once removed Maria Reginar Duchess Bavaria, daughter of Henry Reginar II Duke Brabant and Marie Swabia Duchess Brabant (2) 1260 Louis Anna Glogau Duchess Bavaria and had issue (3) 24th October 1273 his fourth cousin twice removed Matilda Habsburg Duchess Bavaria and had issue.
Chronicle of William Nangis. In this same year, those of the bishopric of Cambrai, together with those of Thérouanne, burned very many towns of the land of Lord John of Hainaut. And nevertheless, although by agreement with Lord John of Namur, who at that time was acting on behalf of the king of France, they were supposed to engage in battle on the Thursday of Holy Week [Maundy Thursday, 13th April 1340], when they themselves came to the place of battle, that same Lord John did not appear at all. Instead, he deceitfully turned aside to a village called Aubenton, whose men had gone out ready for battle, and he burned it and plundered it.
Hoc eodem anno illi de episcopatu Cameracensi, cum illis de Therechia, pluriraas villas de terra domini Johannis de Hanonia combusserunt. Et tamen [cura] ex pacto cum domino Johanne de Neraurs1, capita ieo ipsoium pro parte regis Fraiiciæ se gerenle, feria quinta in cœna Domini deberet2 confligere, ipsis ad locum belli venientibus, idem dominus Johannes mlnime comparuit, sed ex adverso ad villam quæ Aubanlonnum dicitur, cujus homines expediti ad bellum processerant, se maHciose transferens, ipsara incendit ac prædatus est.
Chronicle of Jean le Bel Volume 2. Thus, riding in this way, they came before Paris to seek battle, as you have heard above, and then drew towards the city of Chartres, always seeking the richest country. Then they went towards Bonneval and towards the march of Vendôme. Then the noble king, at the request of the Abbot of Cluny, drew towards Chartres1 and remained there for the space of twenty-one days2, negotiating peace, which was made and agreed in the manner that follows.
Ainsy chevauchant, tant firent qu'ilz vindrent devant Paris pour avoir bataille, ainsy que vous avez ouy cy devant, et puis se trairent par devers la cité de Chartres, tousjours querant le plus gras pays, et puis alerent par devers Bonyvaulx et par devers la marche de Vendosme. Adoncques le noble roy, par la priere de l'abbé de Clugny, se tray par devers Chartres et y demoura par l'espace de XXI jours, traittant de paix, laquelle fut faitte et acordée en la maniere que s'ensuit.
Note 1. Jean le Bel neglects to mention an events that many other contemporary chroniclers mention; the Black Monday Hailstorm, which may have been a factor in King Edward III deciding to sue for peace. Knighton: 'For as they were returning from the city of Paris toward the region of Orléans in the Beauce, a terrible storm suddenly arose [on 13th April 1360], with thunder, lightning, and then hail, and it killed an uncountable number of people and more than 6,000 horses, so that the baggage train of the army was almost entirely lost. It became absolutely necessary to return toward England. But God turned the misery of necessity into a moment of honour for royal majesty. For the pope sent solemn envoys with letters to the king of England to begin negotiations for peace and reconciliation. And they negotiated at Morancez near Chartres, and the negotiations continued on the fifth day of May. Then the king prepared to return to England, both because of necessity and because of the form of the treaty; and whatever they had, they consigned to flame and fire due to the lack of transport, tents, utensils, wagons, saddles, and almost all other things.' and Jean de Venette: 'On the following day [13th April 1360], that is, the following Monday, throughout the whole day there was such an abundance of rain and hail that the greater part of the English carts and wagons remained stuck on the roads and tracks, which were soaked by the excessive rain, the horses failing and unable to pull them. Rather, many of them, together with their drivers, were miserably suffocated by the hailstones and the immeasurable rainwater. So much so that, on that day, because of this hindrance, the English suffered a very great loss of their goods and of the bodies of many men who failed, as is said. And so, leaving the region of Paris, the English went towards the lands of Chartres, while nevertheless occupying many strongholds, destroying others, and likewise plundering and burning towns.'
Note 2. According to the Grandes Chroniques the French negotiators left Paris on 27th April 1360, and, on 1st May, the talks began at Brétigny between the representatives of the Kings of France and England. These negotiations led, on 8th May, to the conclusion of the peace treaty.
1. D'après les Grandes chroniques, t. VI, p. 172, les négociateurs français quittèrent Paris le 27 avril 1560, et, le 1% mai, commencérent à Brétigny les pourparlers entre les représentants des rois de France et d'Angleterre, qui aboutirent, le 8 mai, à la conclusion du de paix.
On 13th April 1360 a freak weather event known as Black Monday Hailstorm occurred as the army of King Edward III of England [aged 47] were camped outside Chartres [Map]. Thomas Beauchamp 11th Earl Warwick [aged 47], William Bohun 1st Earl of Northampton [aged 50], Henry of Grosmont 1st Duke Lancaster [aged 50], Edward "Black Prince" [aged 29] and Walter Mauny were present. Around one thousand English were killed, with up to six thousand horses. King Edward III of England believed the event to be an Act of God and proceeded to negotiate with the French resulting in the Treaty of Brétigny.
On 28th April 1360 Guy Beauchamp died from injuries received during the Black Monday Hailstorm.
A Chronicle of London. [13th April 1360] This same yere, that is for to seye the yere of oure lord a MCCCLX [1360], the xiiij day of Aprill thanne beynge the morwe after Estre day, kyng Edward with hys oost lay aboughte Parys; whiche day was a foul derk day of myst and of hayl, and so bitter cold that manye men deyde for cold: wherfore unto this day manye men callen it the blake Moneday.
Scalaronica. On Sunday the 13th of April [1360] it became necessary to make a very long march toward Beauce, by reason of want of fodder for the horses. The weather was desperately bad with rain, hail and snow, and so cold that many weakly men and horses perished in the field. They abandoned many vehicles and much baggage on account of the cold, the wind and the wet, which happened to be worse this season than any old memory could recall.
Chronicle of Jean le Bel Volume 1. The King of France also made fierce war1 throughout that winter against Sir John of Hainaut, in the year of grace 1339, because of all his enemies he was the nearest. He ordered several mounted raids to be carried out against him and against the land of Chimay by Sir John of Beaumont, Sir John de la Bove, Sir John de Moret, and many other knights and squires, with fully five hundred armed men. They burned the countryside around Chimay many times: Baileux, Robechies, Salles, Villers-la-Tour, Froid-Chapelle, and all the other small towns as far as the gallows of Chimay. Because of this, Count William, his nephew, was greatly angered. And since he was his nephew, and his uncle held the lands of Chimay and Beaumont from him in fief, it came to pass that he formally defied the King of France, his uncle, and aligned himself entirely with the other allies of the King of England. Thereafter he became the most bitter and the most difficult to negotiate with in the whole war. After he had defied the king, he raised a great force and went to take Abenton2 in Thiérache, burning it completely to the ground; it was a large town and the finest in all
Le roy de France fist aussy durement guerrier tout celluy yver messire Jehan de Haynau, qui fu l'an de grace mil CCC et XXXIX, pour tant que de tous les anemis il estoit le plus prez et fist pluseurs chevauchies faire sur luy et sur la terre de Chimay par messire Jehan de Beaumont, messire Jehan de la Bove, messire Jehan de Moret et pluseurs aultres chevaliers et escuiers, à tout mir ou VC armeures, et ardirent pluseurs foys le pays d'entour Chymay, Belleus, Robechyes, Salles, Viler, Froicapelle et toutes les aultres vilettes jusques au gibet de Chymay. De quoy le conte Willaume, son nepveu, fut moult grandement courouchié. Et pour tant qu'il estoit son nepveu et que son oncle tenoit de luy en fief la terre de Chimay et de Beaumont, dont il avint qu'il fit deffier le roy de France, son oncle, et se mit tout autrement avecques les aultres aliez au roy d'Angleterre, et fut puis aprez le plus aisgre et le plus malaisié à traictier de toute la guerre. Et aprez ce qu'il eust deffñié le roy, il fist une grande armée, et ala prendre Abenton en Terace et ardoir tout à net, qui estoit une grosse ville et la meilleur de tout le pays.
Note 1. Froissart, who, as we have said, gives more details about Philip VI’s attack on Hainaut, estimates that the booty taken during this campaign amounted to 12,000 sheep, 1,000 pigs, and 500 cows and oxen. These figures may not be exaggerated, for Érard de Lignol, bailiff of Vitry, who took part in the expedition (Chronographia, vol. II, p. 87) and served from 7th August 1399 to 1st October 1339 as captain on the frontier sector between Mézières (Ardennes) and Martigny (Aisne, Aubenton), sold, as his own share alone, 527 head of livestock taken from the king’s enemies. (Bibliothèque Nationale)
1. Froissart, qui, comme nous l'avons dit, donne plus de détails sur l'agression du Hainaut par Philippe VI, estime à 12,000 moutons, 1,000 porcs et 500 vaches et bœufs le butin fait dans cette campagne. Ces chiffres peuvent ne pas être exagérés, car Érard de Lignol, bailli de Vitry, qui prit part à cette expédition (Chronographia, t. Il, p. 87) et fut, du 7 août 1339 au 1er octobre 1340, capitaine sur les frontières de la partie comprise entre Mézières (Ardennes) et Martigny (Aisne, arr. de Vervins, cant. d'Aubenton), vendit, pour sa seule part, 527 bêtes prises sur les ennemis du roi. (Bibl. nat., ms. fr. nouv. acq. 9328, fol. 23 vo.)
Note 2. On the sack of Aubenton, Nangis: 'In this same year, those of the bishopric of Cambrai, together with those of Thérouanne, burned very many towns of the land of Lord John of Hainaut. And nevertheless, although by agreement with Lord John of Namur, who at that time was acting on behalf of the king of France, they were supposed to engage in battle on the Thursday of Holy Week [Maundy Thursday, 13th April 1340], when they themselves came to the place of battle, that same Lord John did not appear at all. Instead, he deceitfully turned aside to a village called Aubenton, whose men had gone out ready for battle, and he burned it and plundered it.'
And : 'In the same year, those from the bishopric of Cambrai and from Thérouanne burned very many villages in the land of Lord John of Hainaut. And whereas the said Lord John had, by agreement with Lord John of Vervins, his captain acting on behalf of the king of France, been bound to fight on Maundy Thursday, he did not appear on the appointed day; but instead, deceitfully turning aside in the opposite direction to a town called Aubenton, whose inhabitants had gone out to battle, he devastated it with plundering and fire.'
2. Sur le sac d'Aubenton, voy. Chronographia, t. 1, p. 105 et 106. Plusieurs dates sont proposées pour ce siège. Froissart (éd. Luce, 1.1, p. 201 et 495) la place au samedi des Brandons, 4 mars. Guillaume de Nangis (t. II, p. 166) et la Chronique de Richard Lescot (p. 50) disent que ce siège eut lieu le jeudi saint. Voy. aussi: Grandes Chroniques, t. V, p. 379. Le châtelain de Bar-le-Duc, Jacques d'Autriche, y fut pris. (J. Viard, les Journaux du Trésor de Philippe VI de Valois, no 5049.)
Chronicle of Geoffrey le Baker of Swinbroke
Baker was a secular clerk from Swinbroke, now Swinbrook, an Oxfordshire village two miles east of Burford. His Chronicle describes the events of the period 1303-1356: Gaveston, Bannockburn, Boroughbridge, the murder of King Edward II, the Scottish Wars, Sluys, Crécy, the Black Death, Winchelsea and Poitiers. To quote Herbert Bruce 'it possesses a vigorous and characteristic style, and its value for particular events between 1303 and 1356 has been recognised by its editor and by subsequent writers'. The book provides remarkable detail about the events it describes. Baker's text has been augmented with hundreds of notes, including extracts from other contemporary chronicles, such as the Annales Londonienses, Annales Paulini, Murimuth, Lanercost, Avesbury, Guisborough and Froissart to enrich the reader's understanding. The translation takes as its source the 'Chronicon Galfridi le Baker de Swynebroke' published in 1889, edited by Edward Maunde Thompson.
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Letters. 13th April 1442. The year unclear. Letter XXXVII. Elizabeth Countess of Oxford [aged 32] to Sir John Paston [aged 20].
Right entirely well-beloved,.
I greet you well, thanking you of the great gentleness that you have shewed unto my right well-beloved James Arblast, praying you of continuance; and if there be any thing that I may do for you or any of yours here op in any other place I pray you let me wit, and I shall be ready to do it, with the grace of God, who have you in his keeping; and I pray you to be friendly unto my right well-beloved Agnes Arblast, which is to me great pleasure and heart's ease, an you so be. Written at Nevenhow,.
the 13th day of April. Oxford, 1 Elizabeth.
On 13th April 1458 John "Babymaker" de la Marck II Duke Cleves was born to John de la Marck I Duke Cleves [aged 39] and Elizabeth Valois Duchess Cleves [aged 19]. Coefficient of inbreeding 2.07%. He married 1490 Mathilde Hesse Duchess Cleves, daughter of Margrave Henry III of Upper Hesse, and had issue.
Chronicle of England by Jean de Waurin. [13th April 1471] The King, having arrived in the said town of Barnet, upon hearing this news from his scouts, did not allow anyone to stay in the town but ordered everyone to march to the fields with him. However, as night was approaching and he could not see his enemies who, as mentioned, were arranged in battle formation, he and his entire army lodged closer to them than he had thought. There, he placed his men in good order, commanding that no noise or disturbance be made that night.
Both armies were well stocked with all sorts of gunpowder engines, but the Earl, by far, had more than the King. Therefore, all night long, hoping to make the King and his army retreat by the fire of his engines, he ordered continuous shooting. However, their shots passed over the entire army without causing harm, and the reason was that they were much closer to the enemy than they had thought. Thus, the King and all his people remained quiet that night, without making any noise or shooting any engines. Consequently, their enemies could not clearly discern the location where he was lodged, which proved very advantageous for him and his people.
Le roy doncques venu en ladite ville de Barnet, entendant ces nouvelles par ses ditz avantcoureurs ne voult souffrir que nulz sejournast en ladite ville, ains commanda que chascun tyrast auz champz en sa compaignie; mais pour ce que la nuit aprochoit et quil ne povoit nullement veoir ses annemis qui, comme dit est, estoient rengies en bataille, il se loga et tout son ost plus prez deulz quil ne cuidoit, ou il mist ses gens en bonne ordonnance, commandant que celle nuit nul ne menast bruit ou noise.
Les deux ostz estoient moult bien garnis de tous engiens a pouldre, mais le comte sans comparoison en avoit plus que le roy, et pour ce, toute la nuit, cuidant faire reculler le roy et son ost par le trait de ses engiens, commanda que toute la nuit on ne cessast de tyrer; mais leur trait passoit tout oultre larmee sans les gre ver, et la cause fut pour ce quilz estoient plus prez des annemis beaucop quilz ne cuidoient; et la le roy et tout son peuple se tindrent celle nuit tous coys, sans noise faire ne nulz engiens gecter, parquoy ses annemis ne peurent plainernent congnoistre la place ou il estoit logie, ce quy fut a luy et auz siens moult prouffitable.
On 13th April 1477 Ankarette Hawkeston aka Twynyho taken to Cirencester, Gloucestershire [Map].
On 13th April 1494 Archbishop Henry Deane was appointed Bishop of Bangor.
On 13th April 1532 Frederick Oldenburg was born to King Frederick I of Denmark [aged 60] and Sophie of Pomerania Queen Consort of Denmark and Sweden [aged 34]..
On 13th April 1534 Thomas More [aged 56] was asked to appear before a commission and swear his allegiance First Act of Succession. He refused to take the oath and was duly imprisoned in the Tower of London [Map]. Whilst there Thomas Cromwell 1st Earl Essex [aged 49] made several visits in an attempt to persuade More to comply.
Henry Machyn's Diary. 13th April 1561. The xiij day dyd pryche at the Powlles [Map] master Juell [aged 38] byshope of Salysbere.
On 13th April 1603 Nicholas Tufton 1st Earl of Thanet [aged 25] was knighted.
Diary of Anne Clifford. 13th April 1616. Upon the 13th my Lord [aged 27] and Thomas Glenham [aged 22] went up to London.
Diary of Anne Clifford. 13th April 1617. The 13th my Lord [aged 28] sat where the gentlemen used to sit. He dined abroad in the great Chamber and supped privately with me in the Drawing Chamber and had much discourse of the manners of the folks at court.
On 13th April 1631 Edward Maria Wingfield of Stoneley Priory was buried at St Andrew's Church, Kimbolton [Map].
Edward Maria Wingfield of Stoneley Priory: In 1550 he was born to Thomas Maria Wingfield and Margaret Kaye of Woodsome in Yorkshire at Stonely Priory [Map]. On 13th May 1607 Edward Maria Wingfield of Stoneley Priory was elected the first President of Jamestown Virginia. His term lasted four months only when in September 1607 he was deposed. On 10th April 1608 Edward Maria Wingfield of Stoneley Priory returned to England to answer charges of "being an atheist". In 1631 Edward Maria Wingfield of Stoneley Priory died. He was buried at St Andrew's Church, Kimbolton [Map].
John Evelyn's Diary. 11th April 1640. I went to London to see the solemnity of his Majesty's [aged 39] riding through the city in state to the Short Parliament, which began the 13th following,-a very glorious and magnificent sight, the King circled with his royal diadem and the affections of his people: but the day after I returned to Wotton, Surrey [Map] again, where I stayed, my father's [aged 53] indisposition suffering great intervals, till April 27th, when I was sent to London to be first resident at the Middle Temple: so as my being at the University, in regard of these avocations, was of very small benefit to me. Upon May the 5th following, was the Parliament unhappily dissolved; and, on the 20th I returned with my brother George to Wotton, Surrey [Map], who, on the 28th of the same month, was married at Albury to Mrs. Caldwell (an heiress of an ancient Leicestershire family1, where part of the nuptials were celebrated.
Note 1. A daughter of Daniel Caldwell, Esq., by Mary, daughter of George Duncomb, Esq., of Albury. She died 15th May, 1644, and he afterwards married the widow of Sir John Cotton.
On 13th April 1641 Thomas Wentworth 1st Earl Strafford [aged 48] was attainted by 204 votes to 59 ostensibly for his authoritarian rule as Lord Deputy of Ireland. Despite his promise not to King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland [aged 40] signed the death warrant on the 10th May 1641 in the light of increasing pressure from Parliament and the commons.
Wenceslaus Hollar [aged 33]. Engraving of the Trial of Thomas Wentworth 1st Earl Strafford with the following marked:
A. King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland.
C. Henrietta Maria Bourbon Queen Consort England [aged 31].
D. King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland [aged 10].
E. Thomas Howard 14th or 21st Earl of Arundel 4th Earl of Surrey 1st Earl Norfolk [aged 55], Lord High Steward.
F. Henry Montagu 1st Earl Manchester [aged 78], Lord Keeper of the Great Seal.
G. John Paulet 5th Marquess Winchester [aged 43].
H. Robert Bertie 1st Earl Lindsey [aged 58], Lord Chamberlain.
I. Philip Herbert 4th Earl Pembroke 1st Earl Montgomery [aged 56], Lord Chamberlain of the Household.
V. Thomas Wentworth 1st Earl Strafford.
Z. Alethea Talbot Countess Arundel, Surrey and Norfolk [aged 56].
John Evelyn's Diary. 13th April 1652. I was moved by a letter out of France to publish the letter which some time since I sent to Dean Cosin's [aged 57] proselyted son; but I did not conceive it convenient, for fear of displeasing her Majesty [aged 21], the Queen.
Abbot John Whethamstede’s Chronicle of the Abbey of St Albans
Abbot John Whethamstede's Register aka Chronicle of his second term at the Abbey of St Albans, 1451-1461, is a remarkable text that describes his first-hand experience of the beginning of the Wars of the Roses including the First and Second Battles of St Albans, 1455 and 1461, respectively, their cause, and their consequences, not least on the Abbey itself. His text also includes Loveday, Blore Heath, Northampton, the Act of Accord, Wakefield, and Towton, and ends with the Coronation of King Edward IV. In addition to the events of the Wars of the Roses, Abbot John, or his scribes who wrote the Chronicle, include details in the life of the Abbey such as charters, letters, land exchanges, visits by legates, and disputes, which provide a rich insight into the day-to-day life of the Abbey, and the challenges faced by its Abbot.
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On 13th April 1658 Louise Charlotte Oldenburg Duchess Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck was born to Ernest Günther Oldenburg I Duke Schleswig Holstein Sonderburg Augustenburg [aged 48] and Auguste Oldenburg Duchess Schleswig Holstein Sonderburg Augustenburg [aged 24]. Coefficient of inbreeding 6.27%. She married 1st January 1685 her first cousin Frederick Louis Oldenburg I Duke Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck, son of August Philipp Oldenburg I Duke Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck and Marie Sibylle Nassau Saarbrücken Duchess Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck, and had issue.
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 13th April 1661. That done to my Lord's and dined there, and so by water with parson Turner towards London, and upon my telling of him of Mr. Moore to be a fit man to do his business with Bishop Wren [aged 75], about which he was going, he went back out of my boat into another to Whitehall, and so I forwards home and there by and by took coach with Sir W. Pen [aged 39] and Captain Terne and went to the buriall of Captain Robert Blake, at Wapping, Essex, and there had each of us a ring, but it being dirty, we would not go to church with them, but with our coach we returned home, and there staid a little, and then he and I alone to the Dolphin (Sir W. Batten [aged 60] being this day gone with his wife to Walthamstow, Essex [Map] to keep Easter), and there had a supper by ourselves, we both being very hungry, and staying there late drinking I became very sleepy, and so we went home and I to bed.
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 13th April 1662. Thence to Graye's Inn walkes; and there met Mr. Pickering and walked with him two hours till 8 o'clock till I was quite weary. His discourse most about the pride of the Duchess of York [aged 25]; and how all the ladies envy my Baroness Castlemaine's [aged 21]. He intends to go to Portsmouth, Hampshire [Map] to meet the Queen [aged 23] this week; which is now the discourse and expectation of the town.
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 13th April 1663. Up by five o'clock and to my office, where hard at work till towards noon, and home and eat a bit, and so going out met with Mr. Mount my old acquaintance, and took him in and drank a glass or two of wine to him and so parted, having not time to talk together, and I with Sir W. Batten [aged 62] to the Stillyard [Map], and there eat a lobster together, and Wyse the King's fishmonger coming in we were very merry half an hour, and so by water to Whitehall, and by and by being all met we went in to the Duke and there did our business and so away, and anon to the Tangier Committee, where we had very fine discourse from Dr. Walker and Wiseman, civilians, against our erecting a court-merchant at Tangier [Map], and well answered in many things by my Lord Sandwich [aged 37] (whose speaking I never till now observed so much to be very good) and Sir R. Ford [aged 49].
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 13th April 1663. By and by the discourse being ended, we fell to my Lord Rutherford's dispatch, which do not please him, he being a Scott, and one resolved to scrape every penny that he can get by any way, which the Committee will not agree to. He took offence at something and rose away, without taking leave of the board, which all took ill, though nothing said but only by the Duke of Albemarle [aged 54], who said that we ought to settle things as they ought to be, and if he will not go upon these terms another man will, no doubt.
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 13th April 1666. Up, being called up by my wife's brother, for whom I have got a commission from the Duke of Yorke [aged 32] for Muster-Master of one of the divisions, of which Harman [aged 29] is Rere-Admirall, of which I am glad as well as he. After I had acquainted him with it, and discoursed a little of it, I went forth and took him with me by coach to the Duke of Albemarle [aged 57], who being not up, I took a walk with Balty [aged 26] into the Parke, and to the Queene's Chappell, it being Good Friday, where people were all upon their knees very silent; but, it seems, no masse this day.
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 13th April 1666. So back and waited on the Duke [aged 32] and received some commands of his, and so by coach to Hales's [aged 66], where it is pretty strange to see that his second doing, I mean the second time of her sitting, is less like Mrs. Pierce than the first, and yet I am confident will be most like her, for he is so curious that I do not see how it is possible for him to mistake.
On 13th April 1685 Margaret Wilson [aged 18], Agnes Wilson and Margaret McLachlan were indicted as being guilty of the Rebellion of Bothwell Bridge, Aird's Moss, 20 Field Conventicles and 20 House Conventicles.. They were found guilty on all charges, and sentenced to be "tied to palisades fixed in the sand, within the floodmark of the sea, and there to stand till the flood o'erflowed them". Agnes Wilson was subsequently granted freedom on a bond of 100 Pounds Scots. Reprieves were written out for the two Margarets with a date of 30th April 1685.
On 13th April 1693 William Coventry 5th Earl Coventry [aged 17] matriculated Pembroke College, Cambridge University.
John Evelyn's Diary. 13th April 1694. Mr. Bentley, our Boyle Lecturer, Chaplain to the Bishop of Worcester [aged 58], came to see me.
On 13th April 1703 David Colyear 1st Earl Portmore [aged 47] was created 1st Earl Portmore. Possibly for having married the King's former mistress Catherine Sedley Countess Dorchester and Portmore [aged 45]. Catherine Sedley Countess Dorchester and Portmore by marriage Countess Portmore.
Chronicle of Geoffrey le Baker of Swinbroke
Baker was a secular clerk from Swinbroke, now Swinbrook, an Oxfordshire village two miles east of Burford. His Chronicle describes the events of the period 1303-1356: Gaveston, Bannockburn, Boroughbridge, the murder of King Edward II, the Scottish Wars, Sluys, Crécy, the Black Death, Winchelsea and Poitiers. To quote Herbert Bruce 'it possesses a vigorous and characteristic style, and its value for particular events between 1303 and 1356 has been recognised by its editor and by subsequent writers'. The book provides remarkable detail about the events it describes. Baker's text has been augmented with hundreds of notes, including extracts from other contemporary chronicles, such as the Annales Londonienses, Annales Paulini, Murimuth, Lanercost, Avesbury, Guisborough and Froissart to enrich the reader's understanding. The translation takes as its source the 'Chronicon Galfridi le Baker de Swynebroke' published in 1889, edited by Edward Maunde Thompson.
Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback format.
On 13th April 1705 Louis Bourbon Duke Brittany died.
On 13th April 1714 Charles Henry Fitzroy was born to Charles Fitzroy 2nd Duke Grafton [aged 30] and Henrietta Somerset Duchess Grafton [aged 23]. He a great grandson of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland. He died aged one in 1715.
On 13th April 1716 Leopold Johann Habsburg Spain was born to Charles Habsburg Spain VI Holy Roman Emperor [aged 30] and Elisabeth of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel Holy Roman Empress [aged 24]. He died aged less than one years old.
On 13th April 1732 Samuel Pegge [aged 27] and Anne Clarke were married.
On 13th April 1742 Handel's 'Messiah' was first performed at the Great Music Hall, Fishamble Street, Dublin.
On 13th April 1747 Louis Philippe II Duke of Orléans was born to Louis Philippe "The Fat" Bourbon I Duke Orléans [aged 21].
On 13th April 1751 Frederick Louis Hanover Prince of Wales [deceased] was buried at Westminster Abbey [Map].
On 13th April 1761 Thomas Wallis [aged 37] died. He was buried at Lincoln Cathedral [Map].
Thomas Wallis: Around 1724 he was born to Newcomen Wallis and Catherine Collingwood.
On 13th April 1769 Thomas Lawrence was born in Bristol, Gloucestershire [Map].
On 13th April 1794 Arthur Dillon [aged 43] was guillotined. Two weeks before Dillon was called to Paris for questioning and was ultimately arrested on 1 July 1793 despite being stoutly defended by his aide-de-camp François Séverin Marceau-Desgraviers. He was condemned for alleged participation in a prison conspiracy.
The armies of the first French Republic and the rise of the marshals of Napoleon I by Phipps, Ramsay Weston, 1838-1923: "Dillon, a Royalist at heart, had better have emigrated, as once at least he wished to do. Arrested on the 1st July 1793, he was included amongst the victims of the alleged 'conspiration des prisons' and was guillotined on the 13th April 1794, shouting vigorously, 'Vive le roi', as he mounted the scaffold."
St Peter and St Paul Church, Little Gaddesden. Monument to Anne, youngest daughter of Gervase Norton, dued 13th April 1796 and memorial to her niece Margaret.
Archaeologia Volume 21 Section III. Account of King Edward the Fourth's Second Invasion of England, in 1471, drawn up by one of his Followers; with the King's Letter to the Inhabitants of Bruges upon his success: translated from a French Manuscript in the Public Library at Ghent. Communicated by Edward Jerningham [aged 45], Esq. F.S.A. in a Letter to Nicholas Carlisle, Esq. F.R.S. Secretary. Read 13th April, 1820.
Edward Jerningham: On 14th July 1774 he was born to William Jerningham of Cossey Park 6th Baronet and Frances Dillon. He a great x 3 grandson of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland. On 29th May 1822 Edward Jerningham died.
On 13th April 1838 Cecilia Catherine Gordon-Lennox Countess Lucan was born to Charles Gordon-Lennox 5th Duke Richmond [aged 46] and Caroline Paget Duchess Richmond [aged 41]. She a great x 4 granddaughter of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland. She married before 13th December 1860 her fourth cousin once removed Charles George Bingham 4th Earl Lucan, son of George Charles Bingham 3rd Earl Lucan and Anne Brudenell Countess Lucan, and had issue.
Ten Years' Digging. On the 13th of April we made a cutting in the south-east side of the tumulus, at Lady Low [Map], near Blore, first examined on the 2nd July, 1849, and discovered a heap of calcined bones buried in the earth, without any provision having been made to enclose them. In their midst lay a bronze dagger, of the usual shape as far as regards the blade, but having a shank or tang to fit into the handle, which was secured by a single peg passing through a hole in the former; the handle, where it overlaid the blade, was terminated by a straight end, and not by a crescent-shaped one as usual. The dagger had been burnt along with the body, furnishing the second instance of the kind, and the third in which that instrument has been discovered with calcined bones in our researches. We also made a further search in the other tumulus at Lady Low, where burnt bones were found on the 14th of September, 1849, but found nothing but two blocks of flint.
The Diary of George Price Boyce 1854. 13th April 1854. Rossetti [aged 25] came to work on the two drawings. He told me that he had seen Ruskin [aged 35] who had been to his studio and complimented him enthusiastically. They had arranged to come here on Saturday to see R.'s two drawings and some of mine. R. thought Ruskin hideous.
On 13th April 1910 William Quiller Orchardson [aged 78] died.
Chronicle of Geoffrey le Baker of Swinbroke
Baker was a secular clerk from Swinbroke, now Swinbrook, an Oxfordshire village two miles east of Burford. His Chronicle describes the events of the period 1303-1356: Gaveston, Bannockburn, Boroughbridge, the murder of King Edward II, the Scottish Wars, Sluys, Crécy, the Black Death, Winchelsea and Poitiers. To quote Herbert Bruce 'it possesses a vigorous and characteristic style, and its value for particular events between 1303 and 1356 has been recognised by its editor and by subsequent writers'. The book provides remarkable detail about the events it describes. Baker's text has been augmented with hundreds of notes, including extracts from other contemporary chronicles, such as the Annales Londonienses, Annales Paulini, Murimuth, Lanercost, Avesbury, Guisborough and Froissart to enrich the reader's understanding. The translation takes as its source the 'Chronicon Galfridi le Baker de Swynebroke' published in 1889, edited by Edward Maunde Thompson.
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On 13th April 1915 William Glynne Charles Gladstone [aged 29] was killed in action near Laventie; shot by a sniper. He was initially buried in France, but permission was granted by King George V for his body to be brought back to the United Kingdom. Nine days after his death, his body was disinterred and re-buried in the churchyard of St Deiniol's, Hawarden. His body was the last to be officially repatriated to the United Kingdom during the First World War. As a memorial, a rood was installed at St Deiniol's, Hawarden, and a new theatre and wards at Chester Royal Infirmary. Gladstone is also commemorated on Panel 8 of the Parliamentary War Memorial in Westminster Hall, one of 22 MPs who died during the War to be named on that memorial.
On 13th April 1926 John Spencer-Churchill 11th Duke of Marlborough was born to John Albert William Spencer-Churchill 10th Duke of Marlborough [aged 28] and Alexandra Mary Cadogan Duchess of Marlborough [aged 26]. He married (1) 19th October 1951 Susan Mary Hornby.
On 13th April 1945 Frederic Raymond Clegg-Hill [aged 35] was killed in action.
On 13th April 1229 Louis "Strict" Wittelsbach II Duke Upper Bavaria was born to Otto "Illustrious" Wittelsbach II Duke Bavaria [aged 23] and Agnes Welf Duchess Bavaria [aged 28] at Heidelburg. He a great x 2 grandson of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England. He married (1) 2nd August 1254 his fourth cousin once removed Maria Reginar Duchess Bavaria, daughter of Henry Reginar II Duke Brabant and Marie Swabia Duchess Brabant (2) 1260 Louis Anna Glogau Duchess Bavaria and had issue (3) 24th October 1273 his fourth cousin twice removed Matilda Habsburg Duchess Bavaria and had issue.
On 13th April 1458 John "Babymaker" de la Marck II Duke Cleves was born to John de la Marck I Duke Cleves [aged 39] and Elizabeth Valois Duchess Cleves [aged 19]. Coefficient of inbreeding 2.07%. He married 1490 Mathilde Hesse Duchess Cleves, daughter of Margrave Henry III of Upper Hesse, and had issue.
On 13th April 1532 Frederick Oldenburg was born to King Frederick I of Denmark [aged 60] and Sophie of Pomerania Queen Consort of Denmark and Sweden [aged 34]..
On 13th April 1570 Guy Fawkes was born in Stonegate York. He was baptised on 16th April 1570 at St Michael le Belfrey Church, York [Map].
On 13th April 1593 Thomas Wentworth 1st Earl Strafford was born to William Wentworth 1st Baronet [aged 31] and Anne Atkins Baroness Wentworth Woodhouse [aged 26]. He married (1) in or before 1622 his fifth cousin once removed Margaret Clifford, daughter of Francis Clifford 4th Earl of Cumberland and Grisold Hughes Countess Cumberland (2) February 1625 his sixth cousin Arabella Holles, daughter of John Holles 1st Earl de Clare and Anne Stanhope Countess de Clare, and had issue (3) October 1632 Elizabeth Rhodes Countess Strafford.
On 13th April 1658 Louise Charlotte Oldenburg Duchess Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck was born to Ernest Günther Oldenburg I Duke Schleswig Holstein Sonderburg Augustenburg [aged 48] and Auguste Oldenburg Duchess Schleswig Holstein Sonderburg Augustenburg [aged 24]. Coefficient of inbreeding 6.27%. She married 1st January 1685 her first cousin Frederick Louis Oldenburg I Duke Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck, son of August Philipp Oldenburg I Duke Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck and Marie Sibylle Nassau Saarbrücken Duchess Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck, and had issue.
On 13th April 1704 Francis North 1st Earl Guildford was born to Francis North 2nd Baron Guildford [aged 30] and Alicia Brownlow Baroness Guildford [aged 20]. He married (1) 1728 his fourth cousin Lucy Montagu Baroness Guildford, daughter of George Montagu 1st Earl Halifax and Ricarda Posthuma Saltonstale, and had issue (2) 24th January 1736 Elizabeth Kaye Baroness North and Guildford, daughter of Arthur Kaye 3rd Baronet, and had issue (3) 13th June 1751 Catherine Furnese Countess Guilford and Rockingham, daughter of Robert Furnese 2nd Baronet.
On 13th April 1707 Henry Cavendish 1st Baronet was born to William Cavendish of Doveridge Hall [aged 24]. He married 9th January 1730 his fifth cousin once removed Anne Pyne and had issue.
On 13th April 1714 Charles Henry Fitzroy was born to Charles Fitzroy 2nd Duke Grafton [aged 30] and Henrietta Somerset Duchess Grafton [aged 23]. He a great grandson of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland. He died aged one in 1715.
The True Chronicles of Jean le Bel Volume 1 Chapters 1-60 1307-1342
The True Chronicles of Jean le Bel offer one of the most vivid and immediate accounts of 14th-century Europe, written by a knight who lived through the events he describes, and experienced some of them first hand. Covering the early decades of the Hundred Years’ War, this remarkable chronicle follows the campaigns of Edward III of England, the politics of France and the Low Countries, and the shifting alliances that shaped medieval warfare. Unlike later historians, Jean le Bel writes with a strong sense of eyewitness authenticity, drawing on personal experience and the testimony of fellow soldiers. His narrative captures not only battles and sieges, but also the realities of military life, diplomacy, and the ideals of chivalry that governed noble society. A key source for Jean Froissart, Le Bel’s chronicle stands on its own as a compelling and insightful work, at once historical record and literary achievement. This translation builds on the 1905 edition published in French by Jules Viard, adding extensive translations from other sources Rymer's Fœdera, the Chronicles of Adam Murimuth, William Nangis, Walter of Guisborough, a Bourgeois of Valenciennes, Geoffrey le Baker of Swinbroke and Richard Lescot to enrich the original text and Viard's notes.
Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback format.
On 13th April 1716 Leopold Johann Habsburg Spain was born to Charles Habsburg Spain VI Holy Roman Emperor [aged 30] and Elisabeth of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel Holy Roman Empress [aged 24]. He died aged less than one years old.
On 13th April 1732 Frederick North 2nd Earl Guildford was born to Francis North 1st Earl Guildford [aged 28] and Lucy Montagu Baroness Guildford. He married 20th May 1756 Anne Speke Countess Guilford and had issue.
On 13th April 1732 Lucy North was born to Francis North 1st Earl Guildford [aged 28] and Lucy Montagu Baroness Guildford.
On 13th April 1742 Henry Belasyse 2nd Earl Fauconberg was born to Thomas Belasyse 1st Earl Fauconberg [aged 42]. He married 29th May 1766 Charlotte Lamb Countess Fauconberg, daughter of Matthew Lamb 1st Baronet and Charlotte Coke, and had issue.
On 13th April 1747 Louis Philippe II Duke of Orléans was born to Louis Philippe "The Fat" Bourbon I Duke Orléans [aged 21].
On 13th April 1768 Benjamin Bloomfield 1st Baron Bloomfield was born.
On 13th April 1769 Thomas Lawrence was born in Bristol, Gloucestershire [Map].
On 13th April 1769 Georgiana Augusta Leveson-Gower was born to Granville Leveson-Gower 1st Marquess Stafford [aged 47] and Susanna Stewart Marchioness Stafford. She married 30th January 1797 William Eliot 2nd Earl St Germans, son of Edward Craggs Eliot 1st Baron Eliot and Catherine Elliston Baroness Eliott, and had issue.
On 13th April 1792 George Wombwell 3rd Baronet was born to George Wombwell 2nd Baronet [aged 23] and Anne Belasyse [aged 15]. He married 23rd June 1824 Georgiana Hunter and had issue.
On 13th April 1793 John Perceval was born to Charles George Perceval 1st and 2nd Baron Arden [aged 36] and Margaretta Elizabeth Wilson Baroness Arden [aged 25]. He married 20th August 1816 Elizabeth Anne Brudenell, daughter of Robert Brudenell 6th Earl Cardigan and Penelope Cooke Countess Cardigan.
On 13th April 1804 Harriet Canning Marchioness Clanricarde was born to George Canning Prime Mininster [aged 34] and Joan Scott Viscountess Canning [aged 28]. She married 4th April 1825 Ulick Burgh 1st Marquess Clanricarde, son of John Thomas Burgh 13th Earl Clanricarde, and had issue.
On 13th April 1815 William Frederick Pollock 2nd Baronet was born to Johnathan Frederick Pollock 1st Baronet [aged 31] and Frances Rivers. He married 30th March 1844 Juliet Creed and had issue.
On 13th April 1822 Georgiana Liddell Baroness Bloomfield was born to Thomas Liddell 1st Baron Ravensworth [aged 47] and Maria Susannah Simpson Baroness Calthorpe [aged 49]. She married 4th September 1845 John Arthur Douglas Bloomfield 1st and 2nd Baron Bloomfield, son of Benjamin Bloomfield 1st Baron Bloomfield.
Chronicle of Abbot Ralph of Coggeshall
The Chronicle of Abbot Ralph of Coggeshall (Chronicon Anglicanum) is an indispensable medieval history that brings to life centuries of English and European affairs through the eyes of a learned Cistercian monk. Ralph of Coggeshall, abbot of the Abbey of Coggeshall in Essex in the early 13th century, continued and expanded his community’s chronicle, documenting events from the Norman Conquest of 1066 into the tumultuous reign of King Henry III. Blending eyewitness testimony, careful compilation, and the monastic commitment to record-keeping, this chronicle offers a rare narrative of political intrigue, royal power struggles, and social upheaval in England and beyond. Ralph’s work captures the reigns of pivotal figures such as Richard I and King John, providing invaluable insights into their characters, decisions, and the forces that shaped medieval rule. More than a simple annal, Chronicon Anglicanum conveys the texture of medieval life and governance, making it a rich source for scholars and readers fascinated by English history, monastic authorship, and the shaping of the medieval world.
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On 13th April 1828 Bishop Joseph Barber Lightfoot was born to John Jackson Lightfoot and Ann Matilda Barber.
On 13th April 1828 Edward Baring 1st Baron Revelstoke was born to Henry Baring [aged 51] and Maria Matilda Bingham [aged 45]. He married 1861 Louisa Emily Charlotte Bulteel Baroness Revelstoke and had issue.
On 13th April 1830 Charles Chetwynd-Talbot 19th Earl of Shrewsbury 4th Earl Talbot was born to Henry John Chetwynd-Talbot 3rd Earl Talbot 18th Earl of Shrewsbury [aged 26] and Sarah Elizabeth Beresford Countess Talbot Shrewsbury Waterford [aged 22]. He married 15th February 1855 Anna Theresa Cockerell Countess Shrewsbury and Waterford and had issue.
On 13th April 1832 Frances Wilhelmina Welby was born to Glynne Earl Welby 3rd Baronet [aged 25] and Frances Cholmeley. She married before 9th October 1858 Lieutenant Colonel William Henry Reeve and had issue.
On 13th April 1833 Algernon William Peyton 4th Baronet was born to Henry Peyton 3rd Baronet [aged 28] and Georgina Elizabeth Bethell-Codrington Lady Peyton [aged 34].
On 13th April 1838 Cecilia Catherine Gordon-Lennox Countess Lucan was born to Charles Gordon-Lennox 5th Duke Richmond [aged 46] and Caroline Paget Duchess Richmond [aged 41]. She a great x 4 granddaughter of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland. She married before 13th December 1860 her fourth cousin once removed Charles George Bingham 4th Earl Lucan, son of George Charles Bingham 3rd Earl Lucan and Anne Brudenell Countess Lucan, and had issue.
On 13th April 1863 Ismay Fitzroy was born to Charles Fitzroy 3rd Baron Southampton [aged 58] and Ismania Katharine Nugent Baroness Southampton. She married 12th June 1883 her third cousin once removed Charles Edward Fitzroy, son of Augustus Charles Lennox Fitzroy 7th Duke Grafton and Anne Balfour, and had issue.
On 13th April 1875 Christopher Thomson 1st Baron Thomson was born.
On 13th April 1915 Anne Winifred Sullivan Marchioness Westminster was born.
On 13th April 1916 Colonel Lewis Clifford 13th Baron Clifford was born to Lewis Joseph Clifford 12th Baron Clifford [aged 27].
On 13th April 1926 John Spencer-Churchill 11th Duke of Marlborough was born to John Albert William Spencer-Churchill 10th Duke of Marlborough [aged 28] and Alexandra Mary Cadogan Duchess of Marlborough [aged 26]. He married (1) 19th October 1951 Susan Mary Hornby.
On 13th April 1959 David Frederick Pollock 6th Baronet was born to George Frederick Pollock 5th Baronet [aged 30].
The True Chronicles of Jean le Bel Volume 1 Chapters 1-60 1307-1342
The True Chronicles of Jean le Bel offer one of the most vivid and immediate accounts of 14th-century Europe, written by a knight who lived through the events he describes, and experienced some of them first hand. Covering the early decades of the Hundred Years’ War, this remarkable chronicle follows the campaigns of Edward III of England, the politics of France and the Low Countries, and the shifting alliances that shaped medieval warfare. Unlike later historians, Jean le Bel writes with a strong sense of eyewitness authenticity, drawing on personal experience and the testimony of fellow soldiers. His narrative captures not only battles and sieges, but also the realities of military life, diplomacy, and the ideals of chivalry that governed noble society. A key source for Jean Froissart, Le Bel’s chronicle stands on its own as a compelling and insightful work, at once historical record and literary achievement. This translation builds on the 1905 edition published in French by Jules Viard, adding extensive translations from other sources Rymer's Fœdera, the Chronicles of Adam Murimuth, William Nangis, Walter of Guisborough, a Bourgeois of Valenciennes, Geoffrey le Baker of Swinbroke and Richard Lescot to enrich the original text and Viard's notes.
Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback format.
On 13th April 1614 George Berkeley 8th Baron Berkeley [aged 12] and Elizabeth Stanhope Baroness Berkeley [aged 9] were married. She by marriage Baroness Berkeley.
On 13th April 1686 Rushout Cullen 3rd Baronet [aged 25] and Mary Maynard were married.
On 13th April 1732 Samuel Pegge [aged 27] and Anne Clarke were married.
On 13th April 1736 Vere Beauclerk 1st Baron de Vere [aged 36] and Mary Chambers Baroness Spencer [aged 22] were married. She by marriage Baroness Vere of Hanworth in Middlesex. He the son of Charles Beauclerk 1st Duke St Albans and Diana Vere Duchess St Albans [aged 57].
On 13th April 1738 Edward Devereux 11th Viscount Hereford [aged 28] and Catherine Mytton were married.
On 13th April 1765 Horatio Mann 2nd Baronet [aged 21] and Lucy Noel were married. She the daughter of Baptist Noel 4th Earl Gainsborough and Elizabeth Chapman Countess Gainsborough [aged 57].
On 13th April 1769 Penistone Lamb 1st Viscount Melbourne [aged 24] and Elizabeth Milbanke Viscountess Melbourne [aged 17] were married.
On 11th or 13th April 1769 Watkin Williams-Wynn 4th Baronet [aged 19] and Henrietta Somerset Lady Williams-Wynn [aged 20] were married. She died fifteen weeks later. She the daughter of Charles Noel Somerset 4th Duke Beaufort and Elizabeth Berkeley Duchess Beaufort [aged 56].
On 13th April 1773 William Burrell 2nd Baronet [aged 40] and Sophia Raymond Lady Burrell [aged 20] were married. The difference in their ages was 20 years. They were half second cousins.
On 13th April 1790 John Townshend 2nd Viscount Sydney [aged 26] and Sophia Southwell [aged 18] were married.
On 13th April 1912 William Lever 2nd Viscount Leverhulme [aged 24] and Marion Beatrice Smith Viscountess Leverhulme [aged 25] were married.
Anne Boleyn. Her Life as told by Lancelot de Carle's 1536 Letter.
In 1536, two weeks after the execution of Anne Boleyn, her brother George and four others, Lancelot du Carle, wrote an extraordinary letter that described Anne's life, and her trial and execution, to which he was a witness. This book presents a new translation of that letter, with additional material from other contemporary sources such as Letters, Hall's and Wriothesley's Chronicles, the pamphlets of Wynkyn the Worde, the Memorial of George Constantyne, the Portuguese Letter and the Baga de Secrets, all of which are provided in Appendices.
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On 13th April 1946 Hector Wroth Lethbridge 6th Baronet [aged 47] and Evelyn Diana Noel Lady Lethbridge [aged 31] were married.
On 13th April 1035 Herbert "Wakedog" Maine I Count Maine [aged 51] died. His son Hugh [aged 15] succeeded IV Count Maine.
On 13th April 1113 Ida of Lorraine Countess Boulogne [aged 73] died.
On 13th April 1275 Eleanor Plantagenet Countess Pembroke and Leicester [aged 60] died at Montargis Abbey.
On 13th April 1360 a freak weather event known as Black Monday Hailstorm occurred as the army of King Edward III of England [aged 47] were camped outside Chartres [Map]. Thomas Beauchamp 11th Earl Warwick [aged 47], William Bohun 1st Earl of Northampton [aged 50], Henry of Grosmont 1st Duke Lancaster [aged 50], Edward "Black Prince" [aged 29] and Walter Mauny were present. Around one thousand English were killed, with up to six thousand horses. King Edward III of England believed the event to be an Act of God and proceeded to negotiate with the French resulting in the Treaty of Brétigny.
On 28th April 1360 Guy Beauchamp died from injuries received during the Black Monday Hailstorm.
On 13th April 1367 John Tiptoft 2nd Baron Tibetot [aged 53] died. His son Robert [aged 26] succeeded 3rd Baron Tibetot.
On 13th April 1444 Walter Tailboys 6th Baron Kyme [aged 56] died. His son William [aged 29] succeeded 7th Baron Kyme.
On 13th April 1466 Giles Brugge 4th Baron Chandos [aged 69] died at Coberley, Gloucestershire. His son Thomas [aged 39] succeeded 5th Baron Chandos. Florence Darrell Baroness Chandos [aged 41] by marriage Baroness Chandos.
On 13th April 1657 Catherine Southwell Baroness Latimer and Willoughby Broke [aged 64] died.
On 13th April 1666 Henry Carey 1st Earl Dover [aged 86] died at Hunsdon, Hertfordshire [Map]. His son John [aged 58] succeeded 2nd Earl Dover, 2nd Viscount Rochford. Abigail Cockayne Countess Dover [aged 56] by marriage Countess Dover.
On 13th April 1673 Charles Cornwallis 2nd Baron Cornwallis [aged 41] died. His son Charles [aged 17] succeeded 3rd Baron Cornwallis.
On 13th April 1679 Thomas Morgan 1st Baronet [aged 48] died. His son John [aged 28] succeeded 2nd Baronet Morgan of Langattock in Monmouthshire.
On 13th April 1705 Louis Bourbon Duke Brittany died.
On 13th April 1716 Admiral Arthur Herbert 1st Earl Torrington [aged 68] died. Earl Torrington, Baron Herbert of Torbay in Devon extinct.
On 13th April 1755 Edward Stawell 4th Baron Stawell died. Baron Stawell of Somerton in Somerset extinct. His daughter Mary Stawell 1st Baroness Stawell [aged 30] inherited his estates. She was created Baron Stawell of Somerton in Somerset in 1760.
Jean de Waurin's Chronicle of England Volume 6 Books 3-6: The Wars of the Roses
Jean de Waurin was a French Chronicler, from the Artois region, who was born around 1400, and died around 1474. Waurin’s Chronicle of England, Volume 6, covering the period 1450 to 1471, from which we have selected and translated Chapters relating to the Wars of the Roses, provides a vivid, original, contemporary description of key events some of which he witnessed first-hand, some of which he was told by the key people involved with whom Waurin had a personal relationship.
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On 13th April 1763 James Waldegrave 2nd Earl Waldegrave [aged 48] died. His brother John [aged 44] succeeded 3rd Earl Waldegrave, 4th Baron Waldegrave Chewton Somerset, 7th Baronet Waldegrave of Hever Castle. Elizabeth Leveson-Gower Countess Waldegrave [aged 39] by marriage Countess Waldegrave.
On 13th April 1764 John Redmond Freke 3rd Baronet died without issue. Baronet Freke of West Bilney in Norfolk extinct. His estates were inherited by his sister Grace Freke wife of John Evans.
On 13th April 1766 Walter Vavasour 5th Baronet died. His son Walter [aged 22] de jure 24th Baron Vavasour, 6th Baronet Vavasour of Hazlewood in Yorkshire.
On 13th April 1784 Bourchier Wrey 6th Baronet [aged 70] died. His son Bourchier [aged 27] succeeded 7th Baronet Wrey of Trebitch in Cornwall.
On 13th April 1796 Bellingham Graham 6th Baronet [aged 32] died. His son Bellingham [aged 6] succeeded 7th Baronet Graham of Norton Conyers in Yorkshire.
On 13th April 1797 Jane Hall Lady Barrington [aged 74] died.
On 13th April 1824 James Graham 1st Baronet [aged 63] died. His son James [aged 31] succeeded 2nd Baronet Graham of Netherby in Cumberland.
On 13th April 1825 Mary Cunliffe Lady Brooke died.
On 13th April 1825 Harriet Cunliffe Lady Brooke died.
On 13th April 1860 Henry Edward Bunbury 7th Baronet [aged 82] died. His son Charles [aged 51] succeeded 8th Baronet Bunbury of Bunbury in Oxfordshire and Stanney Hall in Cheshire.
On 6th April 1863 Lydia Haggaer Lady Buckworth-Herne-Soame died. She was buried on 13th April 1863.
On 13th April 1871 John Lister Lister-Kaye 2nd Baronet [aged 69] died. His grandson John [aged 18] succeeded 3rd Baronet Lister-Kaye of Grange in Yorkshire.
Chronicle of a Bourgeois of Valenciennes
Récits d’un bourgeois de Valenciennes aka The Chronicle of a Bourgeois of Valenciennes is a vivid 14th-century vernacular chronicle written by an anonymous urban chronicler from Valenciennes in the County of Hainaut. It survives in a manuscript that describes local and regional history from about 1253 to 1366, blending chronology, narrative episodes, and eyewitness-style accounts of political, military, and social events in medieval France, Flanders, and the Low Countries. The work begins with a chronological framework of events affecting Valenciennes and its region under rulers such as King Philip VI of France and the shifting allegiances of local nobility. It includes accounts of conflicts, sieges, diplomatic manoeuvres, and the impact of broader struggles like the Hundred Years’ War on urban life in Hainaut. Written from the perspective of a burgher (bourgeois) rather than a monastery or royal court, the chronicle offers a rare lay viewpoint on high politics and warfare, reflecting how merchants, townspeople, and civic institutions experienced the turbulence of the 13th and 14th centuries. Its narrative style combines straightforward reporting of events with moral and civic observations, making it a valuable source for readers interested in medieval urban society, regional politics, and the lived experience of war and governance in pre-modern Europe.
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On 13th April 1879 James Annesley Stewart 8th Baronet [aged 91] died.
On 13th April 1883 Charles Russell 3rd Baronet [aged 56] died unmarried. His brother George [aged 54] succeeded 4th Baronet Russell of Swallowfield in Berkshire.
On 13th April 1886 Anthony Ashley-Cooper 8th Earl Shaftesbury [aged 54] died. His son Anthony [aged 16] succeeded 9th Earl Shaftesbury, 9th Baron Ashley of Wimborne St Giles, 10th Baronet Cooper of Rockbourne in Southampton.
On 13th April 1893 George Whichcote 8th Baronet [aged 75] died. His son George [aged 22] succeeded 9th Baronet Whichcote of the Inner Temple in the City of London.
On 13th April 1910 William Quiller Orchardson [aged 78] died.
On 13th April 1918 William Ashley Webb Ponsonby 3rd Baron de Mauley [aged 75] died unmarried. His brother Maurice [aged 72] succeeded 4th Baron de Mauley.
On 13th April 1918 Thomas Fremantle 2nd Baron Cottesloe [aged 88] died. His son Thomas [aged 56] succeeded 3rd Baron Cottesloe of Swanbourne and Hardwick in Buckinghamshire, 3rd Baronet Fremantle of Swanborne in Buckinghamshire.
On 13th April 1919 Rowland Winn 2nd Baron St Oswald [aged 61] died. His son Rowland [aged 25] succeeded 3rd Baron St Oswald of Nostell in the West Riding of Yorkshire.
On 13th April 1944 Hugh Cecil Lowther 5th Earl Lonsdale [aged 87] died. His brother Lancelot [aged 76] succeeded 6th Earl Lonsdale, 7th Viscount Lowther, 7th Baron Lowther.
On 13th April 1951 Francis Burdett 8th Baronet [aged 81] died. Baronet Burdett of Bramcote in Warwickshire dormant. Some sources describe a Paul Andrew Burdett 9th Baronet born 1964?
Henrici Quinti, Angliæ Regis, Gesta, is a first-hand account of the Agincourt Campaign, and subsequent events to his death in 1422. The author of the first part was a Chaplain in King Henry's retinue who was present from King Henry's departure at Southampton in 1415, at the siege of Harfleur, the battle of Agincourt, and the celebrations on King Henry's return to London. The second part, by another writer, relates the events that took place including the negotiations at Troye, Henry's marriage and his death in 1422.
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On 13th April 1972 Hugh Molyneux 7th Earl of Sefton [aged 73] died without issue. Earl Sefton, Viscount Molyneux, Baronet Molyneux of Sefton extinct.
On 13th April 1973 Beatrice Mary Burrow Lady Prevost [aged 85] died.
On 13th April 1976 John St John 20th Baron St John [aged 58] died unmarried. His first cousin Andrew [aged 57] succeeded 21st Baron St John of Bletso, 18th Baronet St John of Woodford in Northamptonshire.
On 13th April 1979 Thomas Cholmondeley 4th Baron Delamere [aged 78] died. His son Hugh [aged 45] succeeded 5th Baron Delamere of Vale Royal in Cheshire.
On 13th April 2007 Michael Perryman Heathcote 11th Baronet [aged 79] died. His son Timothy [aged 49] succeeded 12th Baronet Heathcote of Hursley in Hampshire.
