Annals of Kings Richard II and Henry IV 1393-1406

The Annals of Kings Richard II and Henry IV offers a vivid contemporary account of one of the most turbulent periods in late medieval England. Covering the reigns of Richard II and Henry IV, the chronicle records royal ceremonies, political conflict, rebellion, war, taxation, religious controversy, executions, popular unrest and remarkable portents. Its pages include a detailed description of Richard II’s coronation, the fall and deposition of the king, Henry IV’s seizure of the throne, the Percy rebellion, the execution of Archbishop Richard Scrope, the campaigns of Owain Glyndŵr, and England’s relations with Scotland, France, Portugal and Scandinavia. Alongside affairs of state, the annalist preserves reports of miracles, eclipses, prophecies, supernatural events and the experiences of ordinary townspeople, clergy, soldiers and travellers. Written from a monastic perspective, the work combines political observation with moral judgement, presenting victories and disasters as evidence of divine favour or punishment. At once a historical record and a reflection of medieval belief, the Annals provides an invaluable window into the challenges, ceremonies and conflicts of England at the turn of the fifteenth century.

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Æalhswith of Mercia Queen Consort of England -902

Æalhswith of Mercia Queen Consort of England was born to Æthelred Mucel Mercia Earldorman Gaini and Eadburh of Mercia.

Assers Life of Alfred 868. 868. 29. Alfred marries.67 In the year of our Lord's incarnation 868, which was the twentieth of King Alfred's life, the aforesaid revered King Alfred, then occupying only the rank of viceroy (secundarii), betrothed68 and espoused a noble Mercian lady69, daughter of [her father] Æthelred, surnamed Mucill, Ealdorman of the Gaini.70 The mother of this lady was named Eadburh, of the royal line of Mercia, whom I often saw with my own eyes a few years before her death. She was a venerable lady, and after the decease of her husband remained many years a chaste widow, even till her own death.

Note 67. Original.

Note 68. 'Subarravit, formed from sub and arrha, represents literally the English verb wed, which refers to the giving of security upon the engagement of marriage.... [It] is glossed by beweddian in Napier's Old English Glosses' (Stevenson).

Note 69. William of Malmesbury calls her Æthelswith.

Note 70. Of the Gaini nothing is known.

In 868 King Alfred "The Great" of Wessex [aged 19] and Æalhswith of Mercia Queen Consort of England were married at Gainsborough [Map]. She the daughter of Æthelred Mucel Mercia Earldorman Gaini and Eadburh of Mercia. He the son of King Æthelwulf of Wessex and Osburgh Queen Consort Wessex.

Around 870 Æthelflæd Lady of the Mercians was born to King Alfred "The Great" of Wessex [aged 21] and Æalhswith of Mercia Queen Consort of England. She married in or before 887 Æthelred Earldorman of Mercia and had issue.

On 4th January 871 King Æthelred of Wessex [aged 24] and Alfred the Great's [aged 22] army attacked, but were repulsed by, the Viking army at Battle of Reading. Æthelwulf Mercia Earldorman Berkshire [aged 46] was killed.

On 8th January 871 King Alfred "The Great" of Wessex [aged 22] defeated the Viking army led by Halfdan Ragnarsson at the Battle of Ashdown in Berkshire. Bagsecg Viking was killed.

Around 22nd March 871 Halfdan Ragnarsson defeated the Wessex army led by King Æthelred of Wessex [aged 24] and King Alfred "The Great" of Wessex [aged 22] at the Battle of Merton. The location of 'Marton' is not known; suggestions include Marden, Wiltshire in Wiltshire and Winterborne St Martin, Dorset. Bishop Heahmund of Wessex was killed.

On 23rd April 871 King Æthelred of Wessex [aged 24] died possibly as a result of wounds received at the Battle of Merton which took place a month earlier.

Around 874 King Edward "Elder" of the Anglo Saxons was born to King Alfred "The Great" of Wessex [aged 25] and Æalhswith of Mercia Queen Consort of England. He married 1. 893 Ecgwynn Unknown Queen Consort Anglo Saxons and had issue 2. 900 Aelfflaed Wiltshire Queen Anglo Saxons, daughter of Æthelhelm Earldorman Wiltshire, and had issue 3. 919 Eadgifu Kent Queen Anglo Saxons and had issue.

In or before 887 [her son-in-law] Æthelred Earldorman of Mercia and Æthelflæd Lady of the Mercians [aged 16] were married. She the daughter of King Alfred "The Great" of Wessex [aged 37] and Æalhswith of Mercia Queen Consort of England.

Around 900 King Edward "Elder" of the Anglo Saxons [aged 26] and Aelfflaed Wiltshire Queen Anglo Saxons [aged 30] were married. She the daughter of Æthelhelm Earldorman Wiltshire. He the son of King Alfred "The Great" of Wessex and Æalhswith of Mercia Queen Consort of England.

In 901 [her brother] Æthelwulf Mercia Earldorman Gaini died.

Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. 902. Collation. This year Elswitha died.

Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. 903. This year died Alderman Ethelwulf, the brother of Elhswitha, mother of King Edward; and Virgilius abbot of the Scots; and Grimbald the mass-priest; on the eighth day of July. This same year was consecrated the new minster at Winchester, on St. Judoc's advent.

In 1110 Hyde Abbey [Map] was consecrated. The bodies of King Alfred "The Great" of Wessex, his wife Æalhswith of Mercia Queen Consort of England, and their son King Edward "Elder" of the Anglo Saxons were carried in state through Winchester to be interred before the high altar. Their royal presence made Hyde Abbey a popular pilgrimage destination.

Royal Descendants of Æalhswith of Mercia Queen Consort of England -902
Number after indicates the number of unique routes of descent. Descendants of Kings and Queens not included.

Agnes de la Marck Queen Consort Navarre [48]

Isabella Burgundy Queen Consort Germany [1]

Blanche Capet Queen Consort Aragon [1]

King Edward "Elder" of the Anglo Saxons [1]

Matilda Flanders Queen Consort England [1]

Baldwin I King Jerusalem [2]

Adela Flanders Queen Consort Denmark [1]

Maud Queen Consort Scotland [2]

Louis VI King of the Franks [1]

Judith Welf Holy Roman Empress [1]

Otto Welf IV Holy Roman Emperor [1]

King Louis VIII of France [2]

Matilda Dammartin Queen Consort Portugal [3]

Violant Árpád Queen Consort Aragon [1]

Rudolph I King Romans [1]

Ottokar "Iron King" II King Bohemia [1]

Blanche Capet Queen Navarre [5]

Yolande of Dreux Queen of Scotland [1]

Charles Martel King Hungary [1]

King Eric VI of Denmark [1]

Henry Luxembourg VII Holy Roman Emperor [5]

Robert "Wise" King Naples [1]

King Christopher II of Denmark [1]

Margaret of France Queen Consort England [7]

Louis Wittelsbach IV Holy Roman Emperor [1]

Elizabeth Burgh Queen Consort Scotland [2]

King Philip "Fortunate" VI of France [1]

Philip "Noble" III King Navarre [13]

Philippa of Hainaut Queen Consort England [12]

Margaret Hainaut Holy Roman Empress [12]

Joan Capet II Queen Navarre [2]

King Robert II of Scotland [2]

Blanche Valois Holy Roman Empress Luxembourg [6]

King John "The Good" II of France [2]

Blanche Dampierre Queen Consort Norway and Sweden [11]

Eleanor of Sicily Queen Consort Aragon [1]

Blanche Bourbon Queen Consort Castile [19]

Martha Armagnac Queen Consort Aragon [2]

Rupert King Germany [2]

Philippa of Lancaster Queen Consort Portugal [2]

Yolande of Bar Queen Consort Aragon [8]

King Richard II of England [2]

King Henry IV of England [2]

Charles "Beloved Mad" VI King France [19]

King Louis of Naples [14]

King Henry V of England [6]

Isabella Valois Queen Consort England [1]

Philippa Lancaster Queen Consort Denmark [6]

Catherine of Valois Queen Consort England [1]

Charles "Victorious" VII King France [1]

Joan Beaufort Queen Consort Scotland [6]

Jacquetta of Luxembourg Duchess Bedford [19]

Margaret of Anjou Queen Consort England [14]

Mary of Guelders Queen Consort Scotland [48]

King Edward IV of England [28]

King Richard III of England [28]

Anne Neville Queen Consort England [40]

King Henry VII of England and Ireland [9]

Christina Queen Consort Denmark Norway and Sweden [13]

Louis XII King France [67]

Jean III King Navarre [18]

Charles VIII King France [34]

Bianca Maria Sforza Holy Roman Empress [34]

Philip "Handsome Fair" King Castile [85]

Joachim "Nestor" Hohenzollern Elector Brandenburg [1]

Germaine Foix Queen Consort Aragon [67]

Marguerite Valois Orléans Queen Consort Navarre [106]

King Francis I of France [106]

Queen Anne Boleyn of England [48]

Christian III King of Denmark [1]

Queen Jane Seymour [64]

Catherine Parr Queen Consort England [46]

Anne of Cleves Queen Consort England [90]

Mary of Guise Queen Consort Scotland [207]

Antoine King Navarre [116]

King Henry II of France [24]

Madeleine Valois [24]

Queen Catherine Howard of England [42]

Augustus Wettin Elector of Saxony [1]

Maximilian Habsburg Spain II Holy Roman Emperor [32]

Jane Grey I Queen England and Ireland [88]

Louis VI Elector Palatine [48]

Francis II King France King Consort Scotland [15]

Elizabeth Valois Queen Consort Spain [15]

Charles IX King France [15]

King Henry III of France [15]

Louise Lorraine Queen Consort France [148]

King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland [2]

Maximilian "The Great" Wittelsbach I Duke Bavaria I Elector Bavaria [257]

Maria Anna Wittelsbach Holy Roman Empress [257]

Electress Louise Juliana of the Palatine Rhine [67]

Ferdinand of Spain II Holy Roman Emperor [127]

George Wharton [516]

Margaret of Austria Queen Consort Spain [127]

Anna of Austria Holy Roman Empress [116]

Louis XIII King France [32]

Elisabeth Bourbon Queen Consort Spain [32]

Henrietta Maria Bourbon Queen Consort England [32]

John George Wettin Elector Saxony [123]

Frederick William "Great Elector" Hohenzollern Elector Brandenburg [123]

Sophie Amalie Hanover Queen Consort Denmark [2]

Ernest Augustus Hanover Elector Brunswick-Lüneburg [2]

Eleonora Gonzaga Queen Consort Bohemia [240]

Maria Leopoldine Habsburg Spain Queen Consort Bohemia [127]

Hedwig Eleonora Queen Consort Sweden [123]

Marie Françoise Élisabeth of Savoy Queen Consort of Portugal [335]

Charlotte Amalie Hesse-Kassel Queen Consort Denmark and Norway [125]

Charles Palatinate Simmern II Elector Palatine Rhine [2]

Victor Amadeus King Sardinia [439]

Louise of Mecklenburg Güstrow Queen Consort Denmark and Norway [126]

Maria Anna Neuburg Queen Consort Spain [250]

Frederick I King Sweden [371]

Joseph I Holy Roman Emperor [250]

King George II of Great Britain and Ireland [2]

Sophia Louise Mecklenburg-Schwerin Queen Consort Prussia [4]

Charles Habsburg Spain VI Holy Roman Emperor [250]

Sophia Dorothea Hanover Queen Consort Prussia [2]

Polyxena Hesse Rotenburg Queen Consort Sardinia [2]

Francis I Holy Roman Emperor [179]

Louise Élisabeth Bourbon Queen Consort Spain [2]

Adolph Frederick King Sweden [123]

Elisabeth Therese Lorraine Queen Consort Sardinia [179]

Maria Theresa Habsburg Spain Holy Roman Empress [1]

Juliana Maria Welf Queen Consort Denmark and Norway [2]

President George Washington [19]

King George III of Great Britain and Ireland [279]

William Elector of Hesse [371]

Charlotte Mecklenburg Strelitz Queen Consort England [155]

Charles IV King Spain [2]

Caroline Matilda Hanover Queen Consort Denmark and Norway [279]

Louis XVI King France [2]

Louis XVIII King France [2]

King Charles X of France [2]

Marie Sophie Hesse-Kassel Queen Consort Denmark and Norway [371]

Francis Lorraine II Holy Roman Emperor [2]

Caroline of Brunswick Queen Consort England [281]

Frederick William III King Prussia [125]

King Louis Philippe I of France [2]

Frederica Mecklenburg Strelitz Queen Consort Hanover [280]

Queen Fredrika Dorotea Vilhelmina [250]

King Christian I of Norway and VIII of Denmark [434]

Frederick William IV King Prussia [280]

Caroline Amalie Oldenburg Queen Norway [22]

William I King Prussia [280]

Maria Christina of the Two Sicilies Queen Consort Spain [2]

Frederick VII King of Denmark [713]

Queen Louise Hesse-Kassel of Denmark [805]

King Christian IX of Denmark [404]

Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom [558]

Queen Sophia of Sweden and Norway [665]

Victoria Empress Germany Queen Consort Prussia [1550]

King Edward VII of the United Kingdom [1550]

Maria Christina of Austria Queen Consort Spain [375]

Brigadier-General Charles Fitz-Clarence [1981]

Victoria Mary Teck Queen Consort England [742]

Frederick Charles I King Finland [805]

Constantine I King Greece [416]

Alexandrine Mecklenburg-Schwerin Queen Consort Denmark [1129]

Victoria Eugénie Mountbatten Queen Consort Spain [1925]

Louise Mountbatten Queen Consort Sweden [2300]

Ingrid Bernadotte Queen Consort Denmark [1830]

Philip Mountbatten Duke Edinburgh [2716]

Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom [8177]

Sophia Glücksburg Queen Consort Spain [22]

Constantine II King Hellenes [22]

Carl XVI King Sweden [3806]

Queen Consort Camilla Shand [2817]

Diana Spencer Princess Wales [24365]

Catherine Middleton Princess of Wales [80]