20 Apr is in April.
Bede. 688. How Caedwalla king of the West Saxons went to Rome to be baptized; and his successor Ini also devoutly journeyed to the same threshold of the holy Apostles. [688 a.d.]
In the third year of the reign of Aldfrid, Caedwalla [aged 29], king of the West Saxons, having most vigorously governed his nation for two years, quitted his crown for the sake of the Lord and an everlasting kingdom, and went to Rome, Italy [Map], being desirous to obtain the peculiar honour of being cleansed in the baptismal font at the threshold of the blessed Apostles, for he had learned that in Baptism alone the entrance into the heavenly life is opened to mankind; and he hoped at the same time, that being made clean by Baptism, he should soon be freed from the bonds of the flesh and pass to the eternal joys of Heaven; both which things, by the help of the Lord, came to pass according as he had conceived in his mind. For coming to Rome, at the time that Sergius was pope, he was baptized on the Holy Saturday before Easter Day, in the year of our Lord 689, and being still in his white garments, he fell sick, and was set free from the bonds of the flesh on the 20th of April [689], and obtained an entrance into the kingdom of the blessed in Heaven. At his baptism, the aforesaid pope had given him the name of Peter, to the end, that he might be also united in name to the most blessed chief of the Apostles, to whose most holy body his pious love had led him from the utmost bounds of the earth. He was likewise buried in his church, and by the pope's command an epitaph was written on his tomb, wherein the memory of his devotion might be preserved for ever, and the readers or hearers thereof might be stirred up to give themselves to religion by the example of what he had done.
Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. This year Ceadwall [aged 30] went to Rome, and received baptism at the hands of Sergius the pope, who gave him the name of Peter; but in the course of seven nights afterwards, on the twelfth day 20th April 689 before the calends of May, he died in his crisom-cloths, and was buried in the church of St. Peter. To him succeeded Ina [aged 19] in the kingdom of Wessex, and reigned thirty-seven winters. He founded the monastery of Glastonbury [Map]; after which he went to Rome, and continued there to the end of his life. Ina was the son of Cenred, Cenred of Ceolwald; Ceolwald was the brother of Cynegils; and both were the sons of Cuthwin, who was the son of Ceawlin; Ceawlin was the son of Cynric, and Cynric of Cerdic.
On 20th April 689 King Cædwalla of Wessex [aged 30] died. He was buried at St Peter's Basilica.
Annals of Six Kings of England by Nicholas Trivet. 1176. Snow and frost lasted continuously from the Nativity of the Lord until the Feast of the Purification [2nd February 1176]. Richard de Clare of Striguil (Strongbow) died1, leaving a little son by the daughter of the king of Dublin as his heir. This Richard had surrendered Dublin, Waterford, and certain other strongholds to King Henry of England. The Irish promised tribute to the king of England: from each household either a cowhide or twelve pence. On the vigil of Easter [3rd April] a violent wind arose, scattering houses and uprooting the trees of forests.
1176. Nix et gelu a Nativitate Domini usque ad Purificationem continue duraverunt. Obiit Ricardus de Strogoil, relinquens parvulum ex filia regis Dubliniæ successorem. Hic regi Henrico Anglorum reddidit Dubliniam, Waterfordiam, et quasdam alias firmitates. Hibernienses tributum regi Angliæ, de qualibet domo corium bovis, vel duodecim denarios, promiserunt. In vigilia Paschæ factus est ventus vehemens, dissipans domos et eradicans silvarum ligna.
Note 1. Richard de Clare [aged 46], known as 'Strongbow', died on 20th April 1176. He married Aoife MacMurrough [aged 31], daughter of Dermot MacMurrough, King of Leinster. Their son was Gilbert, 3rd Earl of Pembroke, born 1176, died around 1185.
Chronicle of Roger de Hoveden. 20th April 1194. On the twentieth day of April, the King of England ordered that the wealthier prisoners who had been captured in the castles of Nottingham, Tickhill, and other strongholds of Count John be separated from the others and placed in prisons to ransom themselves. As for the remaining captives, he allowed them to go free, provided they secured pledges guaranteeing their return upon summons to stand trial in the king's court. Each of these men had to provide sureties worth 100 marks, ensuring that, if they failed to return, their pledges would be forfeited.
Vicesima die mensis Aprilis fecit rex Angliee segregari ab aliis ditiores, qui capti fuerant in castellis de Notingham, et de Tikehil, et aliis castellis comitis Johannis, et poni in carceribus ad redimendum: cateros autem abire permisit per plegios veniendi ad vocationem suam, et standi judicio curie; et unusquisque illorum invenit plegios de centum marcis, si ipse non rediret in curiam regis.
Adam Murimuth Continuation. In this same year, according to the changed reckoning, that is, in the year of our Lord 1314, on the twentieth day of April, the Roman Curia became vacant through the death of Pope Clement V in the ninth year of his pontificate. He died at Roquemaure, near Avignon, while he was on a journey toward Gascony. And the cardinals were shut up in the palace of the bishop of Carpentras; but afterwards they escaped and dispersed to various places.
Hoc anno mutato, scilicet anno Domini MCCCXIIII XX die Aprilis, vacavit curia Romana per mortem Clementis papæ quinti, pontificatus sui anno IX, apud Rokka Majorem, prope Avinoniam, ubi fuit in itinere versus Vasconiam; et fuerunt eardinales inclusi in palatio episcopi Carpentatorensis qui postea evaserunt et se ad partes varias transtulerunt.
On 20th April 1375 Eleanor of Sicily Queen Consort Aragon [aged 50] died.
On 20th April 1483 King Edward IV of England [deceased] was buried in a Chantry Chapel next to the Altar, St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle [Map]. Archbishop Thomas Rotherham [aged 59] celebrated the mass. John Howard 1st Duke of Norfolk [aged 58] attended. John de la Pole Earl Lincoln 1st [aged 21] was chief mourner. John Savage [aged 39] and Edward Stanley 1st Baron Monteagle [aged 21] were pall-bearers.
Croyland Chronicle 1483. 20th April 1483. The body of the deceased king being accordingly interred with all honor in due ecclesiastical form, in the new collegiate chapel of Windsor [Map], which he had erected of the most elaborate workmanship, from the foundations;
The True Chronicles of Jean le Bel Volume 1 Chapters 1-60 1307-1342
The True Chronicles of Jean le Bel offer one of the most vivid and immediate accounts of 14th-century Europe, written by a knight who lived through the events he describes, and experienced some of them first hand. Covering the early decades of the Hundred Years’ War, this remarkable chronicle follows the campaigns of Edward III of England, the politics of France and the Low Countries, and the shifting alliances that shaped medieval warfare. Unlike later historians, Jean le Bel writes with a strong sense of eyewitness authenticity, drawing on personal experience and the testimony of fellow soldiers. His narrative captures not only battles and sieges, but also the realities of military life, diplomacy, and the ideals of chivalry that governed noble society. A key source for Jean Froissart, Le Bel’s chronicle stands on its own as a compelling and insightful work, at once historical record and literary achievement. This translation builds on the 1905 edition published in French by Jules Viard, adding extensive translations from other sources Rymer's Fœdera, the Chronicles of Adam Murimuth, William Nangis, Walter of Guisborough, a Bourgeois of Valenciennes, Geoffrey le Baker of Swinbroke and Richard Lescot to enrich the original text and Viard's notes.
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Wriothesley's Chronicle [1508-1562]. 20th April 1533. Allso the same day all the craftes in London were called to their halls, and there were swome on a booke to be true to Queene Anne [aged 32] and to beleeve and take her for lawfull wife of the Kinge [aged 41] and rightfull Queene of Englande, and utterlie to thincke the Ladie Marie [aged 17],d daughter to the Kinge by Queene Catherin [aged 47], but as a bastarde, and thus to doe without any scrupulositie of conscience; allso all the curates and priestes in London and thoroweout Englande were allso swome before the Lord of Canterburie [aged 43] and other Bishopps; and allso all countries in Englande were sworne in lykewise, everie man in the shires and townes were they dwelled.
Note d. The Princess Mary, who was no longer admitted to Court.
On 20th April 1534 Elizabeth "Holy Maid of Kent" Barton [aged 28] was hanged for treason at Tyburn [Map]. Five of her supporters were hanged alongside her:
Edward Bocking, Benedictine Monk of Christ Church, Canterbury
John Dering, Benedictine Monk
Henry Gold, Priest
Hugh Rich, Franciscan Friar
Richard Risby, Franciscan Friar
Wriothesley's Chronicle [1508-1562]. 20th April 1534. This yeare, the 20th day of Aprill, beinge Mundaye, 1534, the Holie Maide of Kent [aged 28], beinge a nun of Canterburie,b two munckes of Canterburie of Christes Churche, one of them called Doctor Bockinge, two gray freeres observantes, and a priest, were drawne from the Tower of London to Tiburn, and there hanged,c and after cutt downe and their heades smitten of, and two of their heades were sett on London Bridge, and the other fower at diverse gates of the cittie.
Note b. In the priory of St Sepulchre.
Note c. The persons executed were Elizabeth Barton, Richard Master, parson of Aldington, Dr. Bocking, Richard Dering, Henry Gold, a London minister, and Richard Risby.
Letters and Papers Foreign and Domestic Henry VIII 1535. 20th April 1535. R. O. 567. [John Hale, Vicar of Isleworth, to the Council.]
I fell and hurt my leg at Wyngham, at Allhallowtide was twelvemonth, and remained till about Candlemas next. On Saturday after Ash Wednesday I fell into a fervent ague. How long I continued, with various relapses, the parishioners of Isleworth know, so that I took not my journey through whole five weeks before Michaelmas last, and lost "our Lady's quarter" ended the Midsummer before that by my sickness. I had several falls from my horse, from one of which I was troubled in my wits, as also by age and lack of memory. Will nevertheless report, as well as I can, with whom I talked, and in what manner, of the King's grace. I remember, about two years ago, the fellow of Bristow showed, both to me and others of Syon, the prophecies of Marlyon; for, by my truth, Master Skydmore showed me also the same, with whom I had several conversations concerning the King's marriage and other behaviours of his bodily lust. Once Cownsell the porter "sayd that our suffren had a short of maydons over oon of his chambyres at Farnam while he was with the oold lord of Wynchester." Had also conversations with Skydmore, with Sir Thomas my priest, and with Master Leeke; and once, I think, about two years ago, of the Acts of Parliament made against churchmen, with the prior of Hounslow, who offered to show me a prophecy; but we had no leisure to speak together further, for we only met at the new inn, where Mr. Yowng, Awnsam and his wife, and others, dined with us. Skydmore also used to speak of young Sir Rice, saying that Welshmen and priests were sore disdained nowadays. As to Mr. Ferne, my wits were so troubled with sickness that I cannot perfectly remember what he rehearsed; but by Mr. Bydyll's rehearsal, Mr. Steward of Syon told me it was likely to be enacted that no more tithe corn should be made. I was sick long after, and, being aged and oblivious, did not see him till we met at the Secretary's at the Rolls. Also Mr. Waren, old surveyor, and the master of Ashford, in Kent, sometime steward to the bp. of Canterbury, spoke in the churchyard of Istleworth of the hard statutes made and to be made against the Church. Finally, I confess the four bills by Mr. Feerne, Mr. Leeke, Mr. Skydmore, and Sir Thomas Mody to be true, and that by such seditious ways I have maliciously slandered the King and Queen and their Council; for which I ask forgiveness of God, king Henry VIII., and queen Anne, and shall continue sorrowful during my life, which stands only in the King's will. "Moreover, Mr. Skydmore dyd show to me yongge Master Care [aged 9], saying that he was our suffren Lord the Kynge's son by our suffren Lady the Qwyen's [aged 34] syster [aged 36], whom the Qwyen's grace myght not suffer to be yn the Cowrte."
Pp.3. Headed: Jhus Salvator Mundi, miserere mei quia timor mortis conturbat me. Endd.:
On 20th April 1544 BBRenata Lorraine Duchess Bavaria 1544-1602Renata Lorraine Duchess Bavaria was born to BBFrancis Lorraine I Duke Lorraine 1517-1545Francis Lorraine I Duke Lorraine [aged 26] and Christina Oldenburg Duchess Lorraine [aged 22]. She married 22nd February 1568 her second cousin BBWilliam Wittelsbach V Duke Bavaria 1548-1626William Wittelsbach V Duke Bavaria, son of BBAlbert V Wittelsbach V Duke Bavaria 1528-1579Albert V Wittelsbach V Duke Bavaria and BBAnna Habsburg Spain Duchess Bavaria 1528-1590Anna Habsburg Spain Duchess Bavaria, and had issue.
Henry Machyn's Diary. 20th April 1555. The xx day of Aprell was raynyd at Powlles a-for the bysshope of London [aged 55] and many odur and my lord cheyffe justys and my lord mayre and the shreyffes; ys name was (master Fowler, alias Branch ); he was a monke of Ely; and ther was a goodly sermon, and after he was cast and condemnyd to have ys hand that hurt the prest cut off or he shuld suffer, and after dysgracyd, and after cared to Nuwgatt [Map]ss.
On 20th April 1597 Oliver St John 1st Earl Bolingbroke [aged 17] admitted at Gray's Inn.
Diary of Anne Clifford. 20th April 1617. The 20th being Easter Day my Lord [aged 28] and I and Tom Glenham and most of the folk received the Communion by Mr Ran, yet in the afternoon my Lord and I had had a great falling out, Mathew continuing still to do me all the ill office he could with my Lord. All this time I wore my white satin gown and my white waistcoat.
Diary of Anne Clifford. 20th April 1619. The 20th I went to Parsons Green to my Lady St. John's, where I met the Spanish friar that is the agent here.
This day and the next my Lord [aged 30] had cocking at the Cock Pit where there met him an infinite company.
On 20th April 1641 Bishop John Davenant [aged 68] died. Salisbury Cathedral [Map].
Bishop John Davenant: On 20th May 1572 he was born. In 1621 he was appointed Bishop of Salisbury.
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 20th April 1661. That being done (which was very pleasant to see their habits), I carried my Lady back, and I found my Lord angry, for that his page had let my Lord's new beaver be changed for an old hat; then I went away, and with Mr. Creed to the Exchange [Map] and bought some things, as gloves and bandstrings, &c. So back to the Cockpitt [Map], and there, by the favour of one Mr. Bowman, he and I got in, and there saw the King and Duke of York [aged 27] and his Duchess [aged 24] (which is a plain woman, and like her mother, my Lady Chancellor). And so saw "The Humersome Lieutenant" acted before the King [aged 30], but not very well done.
On 20th April 1661 King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland [aged 30] created a number of new Baronets and Peers:
William Morice 1st Baronet [aged 33] was created 1st Baronet Morice of Werrington in Devon. BBGertrude Bampfylde Lady MoriceGertrude Bampfylde Lady Morice by marriage Lady Morice of Werrington in Devon.
John Crew 1st Baron Crew [aged 63] was created 1st Baron Crew of Stene in Northamptonshire. Jemima Waldegrave Baroness Crew [aged 59] by marriage Baroness Crew of Stene in Northamptonshire.
Edward Hyde 1st Earl Clarendon [aged 52] was created 1st Earl Clarendon at Westminster Abbey [Map] on the occasion of the Coronation Charles II. Frances Aylesbury Countess Clarendon [aged 43] by marriage Countess Clarendon.
BBOliver Fitzwilliam 1st Earl Tyrconnel 1609-1667Oliver Fitzwilliam 1st Earl Tyrconnel [aged 51] was created 1st Earl Tyrconnel. BBEleanore Holles Countess TyrconnelEleanore Holles Countess Tyrconnel by marriage Countess Tyrconnel.
Chronicle of Abbot Ralph of Coggeshall
The Chronicle of Abbot Ralph of Coggeshall (Chronicon Anglicanum) is an indispensable medieval history that brings to life centuries of English and European affairs through the eyes of a learned Cistercian monk. Ralph of Coggeshall, abbot of the Abbey of Coggeshall in Essex in the early 13th century, continued and expanded his community’s chronicle, documenting events from the Norman Conquest of 1066 into the tumultuous reign of King Henry III. Blending eyewitness testimony, careful compilation, and the monastic commitment to record-keeping, this chronicle offers a rare narrative of political intrigue, royal power struggles, and social upheaval in England and beyond. Ralph’s work captures the reigns of pivotal figures such as Richard I and King John, providing invaluable insights into their characters, decisions, and the forces that shaped medieval rule. More than a simple annal, Chronicon Anglicanum conveys the texture of medieval life and governance, making it a rich source for scholars and readers fascinated by English history, monastic authorship, and the shaping of the medieval world.
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Samuel Pepys' Diary. 20th April 1661. But my pleasure was great to see the manner of it, and so many great beauties, but above all Mrs. Palmer [aged 20], with whom the King do discover a great deal of familiarity. So Mr. Creed and I (the play being done) went to Mrs. Harper's, and there sat and drank, it being about twelve at night. The ways being now so dirty, and stopped up with the rayles which are this day set up in the streets, I would not go home, but went with him to his lodging at Mr. Ware's, and there lay all night.
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 20th April 1661. Then with my Lady and my Lady Wright to White Hall; and in the Banqueting-house [Map] saw the King create my Lord Chancellor [aged 52] and several others, Earls, and Mr. Crew [aged 63] and several others, Barons: the first being led up by Heralds and five old Earls to the King, and there the patent is read, and the King puts on his vest, and sword, and coronet, and gives him the patent. And then he kisseth the King's hand, and rises and stands covered before the king. And the same for the Barons, only he is led up but by three of the old Barons, and are girt with swords before they go to the King.
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 20th April 1662. Lord's Day. My intention being to go this morning to White Hall to hear South [aged 27], my Lord Chancellor's [aged 53] chaplain, the famous preacher and oratour of Oxford, (who the last Lord's day did sink down in the pulpit before the King [aged 31], and could not proceed,) it did rain, and the wind against me, that I could by no means get a boat or coach to carry me; and so I staid at Paul's, where the judges did all meet, and heard a sermon, it being the first Sunday of the term; but they had a very poor sermon.
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 20th April 1663. With Sir G. Carteret [aged 53] and Sir John Minnes [aged 64] by coach to my Lord Treasurer's [aged 56], thinking to have spoken about getting money for paying the Yards; but we found him with some ladies at cards: and so, it being a bad time to speak, we parted, and Sir J. Minnes and I home, and after walking with my wife in the garden late, to supper and to bed, being somewhat troubled at Ashwell's desiring and insisting over eagerly upon her going to a ball to meet some of her old companions at a dancing school here in town next Friday, but I am resolved she shall not go.
On 20th April 1663 James Scott 1st Duke Monmouth 1st Duke Buccleuch [aged 14] and Anne Scott Duchess Monmouth and Buccleuch [aged 12] were married. She by marriage Duchess Monmouth. She the daughter of Francis Scott 2nd Earl Buccleuch and Margaret Leslie Countess Buccleuch and Wemyss [aged 42]. He the illegitmate son of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland [aged 32] and Lucy Walter. They were fifth cousins.
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 20th April 1663. So to bed. This day the little Duke of Monmouth [aged 14] was married at White Hall, in the King's chamber; and tonight is a great supper and dancing at his lodgings, near Charing-Cross. I observed his coat at the tail of his coach he gives the arms of England, Scotland, and France, quartered upon some other fields, but what it is that speaks his being a bastard I know not.
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 20th April 1663. After dinner, it raining very hard, by coach to Whitehall, where, after Sir G. Carteret [aged 53], Sir J. Minnes [aged 64], Mr. Coventry [aged 35] and I had been with the Duke, we to the Committee of Tangier [Map] and did matters there dispatching wholly my Lord Teviott, and so broke up.
On 20th April 1663 James Scott 1st Duke Monmouth 1st Duke Buccleuch [aged 14] was created 1st Duke Buccleuch, 1st Earl Dalkeith, 1st Baron Scott of Whitchester and Eskdale. Anne Scott Duchess Monmouth and Buccleuch [aged 12] by marriage Duchess Buccleuch.
John Evelyn's Diary. 20th April 1665. To Whitehall [Map], to the King [aged 34], who called me into his bedchamber as he was dressing, to whom, I showed the letter written to me from the Duke of York [aged 31] from the fleet, giving me notice of young Evertzen, and some considerable commanders newly taken in fight with the Dartmouth and Diamond frigates, whom he had sent me as prisoners at war; I went to know of his Majesty how he would have me treat them, when he commanded me to bring the young captain to him, and to take the word of the Dutch Ambassador (who yet remained here) for the other, that he should render himself to me whenever I called on him, and not stir without leave. Upon which I desired more guards, the prison being Chelsea House. I went also to Lord Arlington [aged 47] (the Secretary Bennet lately made a Lord) about other business. Dined at my Lord Chancellor's [aged 56]; none with him but Sir Sackville Crowe [aged 69], formerly Ambassador at Constantinople; we were very cheerful and merry.
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 20th April 1666. Thence to Mr. Hales's [aged 66], and there, though against his particular mind, I had my landskipp done out, and only a heaven made in the roome of it, which though it do not please me thoroughly now it is done, yet it will do better than as it was before.
Jean de Waurin's Chronicle of England Volume 6 Books 3-6: The Wars of the Roses
Jean de Waurin was a French Chronicler, from the Artois region, who was born around 1400, and died around 1474. Waurin’s Chronicle of England, Volume 6, covering the period 1450 to 1471, from which we have selected and translated Chapters relating to the Wars of the Roses, provides a vivid, original, contemporary description of key events some of which he witnessed first-hand, some of which he was told by the key people involved with whom Waurin had a personal relationship.
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Samuel Pepys' Diary. 20th April 1668. Up betimes and to the getting ready my answer to the Committee of Accounts to several questions, which makes me trouble, though I know of no blame due to me from any, let them enquire what they can out1. I to White Hall, and there hear how Henry Brouncker [aged 41] is fled, which, I think, will undo him: but what good it will do Harman [aged 43] I know not, he hath so befooled himself; but it will be good sport to my Chancellor [aged 59] to hear how his great enemy is fain to take the same course that he is. There met Robinson, who tells me that he fears his master, W. Coventry, will this week have his business brought upon the stage again, about selling of places, which I shall be sorry for, though the less, since I hear his standing for Pen the other day, to the prejudice, though not to the wrong, of my Lord Sandwich [aged 42]; and yet I do think what he did, he did out of a principle of honesty.
Note 1. The first part of the entry for April 20th is among the rough notes, and stands as follows: "Monday 20. Up and busy about answer to Committee of Accounts this morning about several questions which vexed me though in none I have reason to be troubled. But the business of The Flying Greyhound begins to find me some care, though in that I am wholly void of blame". This may be compared with the text.
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 20th April 1669. At noon comes my guest, Mr. Hugh May [aged 47], and with him Sir Henry Capell [aged 31], my old Lord Capel's son, and Mr. Parker; and I had a pretty dinner for them; and both before and after dinner had excellent discourse; and shewed them my closet and my Office, and the method of it to their great content; and more extraordinary, manly discourse and opportunity of shewing myself, and learning from others, I have not, in ordinary discourse, had in my life, they being all persons of worth, but especially Sir H. Capell, whose being a Parliament-man, and hearing my discourse in the Parliament-house, hath, as May tells me, given him along desire to know and discourse with me. In the afternoon we walked to the Old Artillery-Ground near the Spitalfields, where I never was before, but now, by Captain Deane's [aged 35] invitation, did go to see his new gun tryed, this being the place where the Officers of the Ordnance do try all their great guns; and when we come, did find that the trial had been made; and they going away with extraordinary report of the proof of his gun, which, from the shortness and bigness, they do call Punchinello. But I desired Colonel Legg to stay and give us a sight of her performance, which he did, and there, in short, against a gun more than as long and as heavy again, and charged with as much powder again, she carried the same bullet as strong to the mark, and nearer and above the mark at a point blank than theirs, and is more easily managed, and recoyles no more than that, which is a thing so extraordinary as to be admired for the happiness of his invention, and to the great regret of the old Gunners and Officers of the Ordnance that were there, only Colonel Legg did do her much right in his report of her. And so, having seen this great and first experiment, we all parted, I seeing my guests into a Hackney coach, and myself, with Captain Deane, taking a Hackney coach, did go out towards Bow, and went as far as Stratford, and all the way talking of this invention, and he offering me a third of the profit of the invention; which, for aught I know, or do at present think, may prove matter considerable to us: for either the King [aged 38] will give him a reward for it, if he keeps it to himself, or he will give us a patent to make our profit of it: and no doubt but it will be of profit to merchantmen and others, to have guns of the same force at half the charge. This was our talk: and then to talk of other things, of the Navy in general: and, among other things, he did tell me that he do hear how the Duke of Buckingham [aged 41] hath a spite at me, which I knew before, but value it not: and he tells me that Sir T. Allen [aged 57] is not my friend; but for all this I am not much troubled, for I know myself so usefull that, as I believe, they will not part with me; so I thank God my condition is such that I can; retire, and be able to live with comfort, though not with abundance. Thus we spent the evening with extraordinary good discourse, to my great content, and so home to the Office, and there did some business, and then home, where my wife do come home, and I vexed at her staying out so late, but she tells me that she hath been at home with M. Batelier a good while, so I made nothing of it, but to supper and to bed.
On 20th April 1678 BBFrancis Seymour 5th Duke of Somerset 1658-1678Francis Seymour 5th Duke of Somerset [aged 20] was killed. He was unmarried and childless. He was shot dead by Genoese Horatio Botti whose wife Seymour was said to have insulted at Lerici. His brother Charles [aged 15] succeeded 6th Duke Somerset, 6th Earl Hertford, 6th Baron Beauchamp of Hatch Beauchamp in Somerset, 4th Baron Seymour of Trowbridge.
On 20th April 1690 BBMaria Anna Victoria Wittelsbach Duchess Burgundy 1660-1690Maria Anna Victoria Wittelsbach Duchess Burgundy [aged 29] died.
On 20th April 1695 Henry Grey 1st Duke Kent [aged 24] and Jemima Crew Marchioness Kent [aged 19] were married. They had five sons and seven daughters of whom only three surviving her. He the son of Anthony Grey 11th Earl Kent [aged 49] and Mary Lucas Countess Kent [aged 51].
St Alban's Shrine, St Albans Cathedral. Ledger stone of John Gape [aged 79], died 20th April 1703, and his wife Ann, died 31st December 1682.
Ann Oxton: she was born to Thomas Oxton of St Albans. On 9th April 1646 John Gape and she were married. On 31st December 1682 she died.
On 20th April 1713 John Rushout 4th Baronet [aged 28] was elected MP Malmesbury with the support of Thomas Wharton 1st Marquess Wharton [aged 64].
On 20th April 1720 BBGeorge Gordon 1st Earl Aberdeen 1637-1720George Gordon 1st Earl Aberdeen [aged 82] died. His son William [aged 41] succeeded 2nd Earl Aberdeen. BBAnne Gordon Duchess Mantua -1786Anne Gordon Duchess Mantua by marriage Duchess Mantua.
On 20th April 1721 BBAmelia Anne Murray 1721-1721Amelia Anne Murray was born to John Murray 1st Duke Atholl [aged 61] and Mary Ross Duchess Atholl [aged 33]. She died aged less than one years old.
On 20th April 1723 Frances Lister [aged 25] died in childbirth. She was buried at Lincoln Cathedral [Map].
Frances Lister: On 7th September 1697 she was born to Thomas Lister of Coleby in Lincolnshire. After 25th July 1719 BBGervase Scrope of Cockeringham 1682-1741Gervase Scrope of Cockeringham and she were married.
Abbot John Whethamstede’s Chronicle of the Abbey of St Albans
Abbot John Whethamstede's Register aka Chronicle of his second term at the Abbey of St Albans, 1451-1461, is a remarkable text that describes his first-hand experience of the beginning of the Wars of the Roses including the First and Second Battles of St Albans, 1455 and 1461, respectively, their cause, and their consequences, not least on the Abbey itself. His text also includes Loveday, Blore Heath, Northampton, the Act of Accord, Wakefield, and Towton, and ends with the Coronation of King Edward IV. In addition to the events of the Wars of the Roses, Abbot John, or his scribes who wrote the Chronicle, include details in the life of the Abbey such as charters, letters, land exchanges, visits by legates, and disputes, which provide a rich insight into the day-to-day life of the Abbey, and the challenges faced by its Abbot.
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After 20th April 1739. Monument to Richard Davies of Stanton Lacy [deceased] and BBEsther Edwardes -1755Esther Edwardes at St Laurence's Church, Ludlow [Map].
Richard Davies of Stanton Lacy: Around 1672 he was born. Before 20th April 1739 he and BBEsther Edwardes -1755Esther Edwardes were married. His second wife. On 20th April 1739 he died.
BBEsther Edwardes -1755Esther Edwardes: she was born to BBFrancis Edwardes 2nd Baronet 1643-1690Francis Edwardes 2nd Baronet and Eleanor Warburton. Her father somewhat speculative. Her gravestone says daughter of Francis Edwardes Baronet but not which Baronet. Her future husband Richard Davies of Stanton Lacy was born in 1672. On 11th June 1755 BBEsther Edwardes -1755Esther Edwardes died.
On 20th April 1757 Elizabeth Anne Burrell Duchess Hamilton Duchess Brandon was born to BBPeter Burrell 1724-1775Peter Burrell [aged 32] and Elizabeth Lewis. She married (1) 1777 Douglas Hamilton 8th Duke Hamilton 5th Duke Brandon, son of James Hamilton 6th Duke Hamilton 3rd Duke Brandon and Elizabeth Gunning Duchess Hamilton and Argyll (2) 1800 Henry Cecil 1st Marquess Exeter.
On 20th April 1759 Thomas William Coke 1st Earl of Leicester [aged 61] died. Earl of Leicester and Baron Lovel of Minster Lovell extinct. Wenman Roberts aka Coke [aged 42] inherited his estates.
On 31st August 1753 BBEdward Coke 1719-1753Edward Coke [aged 34] died.
Monument in Church of St Mary the Virgin, Tittleshall [Map] commissioned by wife and mother Margaret Tufton Countess Leicester [aged 58]. Erected in 1760. Sculpted by Charles Atkinson. Gadrooned sarcophagus on pedestal with a carved and painted achievement above surrounded by extravagant mantling. Flanked by pair of composite columns supporting a dentilated pediment. Carved bust figures to the sides of the Earl and Countess by Louis Francois Roubiliac [aged 56].
BBEdward Coke 1719-1753Edward Coke: On 2nd February 1719 he was born to Thomas William Coke 1st Earl of Leicester and Margaret Tufton Countess Leicester. On 1st April 1747 BBEdward Coke 1719-1753Edward Coke and BBMary Campbell 1727-1811Mary Campbell were married. She the daughter of John Campbell 2nd Duke Argyll and Jane Warburton Duchess of Argyll. He the son of Thomas William Coke 1st Earl of Leicester and Margaret Tufton Countess Leicester.
On 20th April 1785 Hugh Percy 3rd Duke Northumberland was born to Hugh Percy 2nd Duke Northumberland [aged 42] and BBFrances Julia Burrell Duchess Northumberland 1752-1820Frances Julia Burrell Duchess Northumberland [aged 32]. He married 29th April 1817 BBCharlotte Herbert Duchess Northumberland 1787-1866Charlotte Herbert Duchess Northumberland, daughter of Edward Clive 1st Earl Powis and Henrietta Antonia Herbert 3rd Countess Powis.
On 20th April 1804 BBDuke Ernest of Saxe Coburg Altenburg 1745-1804Duke Ernest of Saxe Coburg Altenburg [aged 59] died at Gotha. His son Duke [aged 31] succeeded Duke Saxe Gotha Altenburg. BBKaroline Amalie Hesse-Kassel Duchess Saxe Gotha Altenburg 1771-1848Karoline Amalie Hesse-Kassel Duchess Saxe Gotha Altenburg [aged 32] by marriage Duchess Saxe Gotha Altenburg.
On 20th April 1805 Franz Xaver Winterhalter was born.
On 20th April 1819 BBCharles Scott 4th Duke Buccleuch 6th Duke Queensberry 1772-1819Charles Scott 4th Duke Buccleuch 6th Duke Queensberry [aged 46] died. His son Walter succeeded 5th Duke Buccleuch, 7th Duke Queensberry, 5th Earl Doncaster, 5th Baron Scott of Tynedale.
On 20th April 1845 Thomas Phillips [aged 74] died.
On 20th April 1848 BBKatherine Isabella Manners 1809-1848Katherine Isabella Manners [aged 39] died of smallpox at 47 Eaton Place, Kensington.
Ten Years' Digging. 20th of April, we reopened the third barrow [Musden Third Barrow [Map]] on Musdin Hill, examined on the 19th of May, 1849, by making a wide section through the middle. This time we cut a circular trench around our former excavation, and found some burnt bones near the surface, with a small piece of an urn and two flints. The upper part of the barrow was composed of diflerently coloured earth from the lower, in which we found no interment, although it showed no traces of having been disturbed by former digging.
The History of William Marshal was commissioned by his son shortly after William’s death in 1219 to celebrate the Marshal’s remarkable life; it is an authentic, contemporary voice. The manuscript was discovered in 1861 by French historian Paul Meyer. Meyer published the manuscript in its original Anglo-French in 1891 in two books. This book is a line by line translation of the first of Meyer’s books; lines 1-10152. Book 1 of the History begins in 1139 and ends in 1194. It describes the events of the Anarchy, the role of William’s father John, John’s marriages, William’s childhood, his role as a hostage at the siege of Newbury, his injury and imprisonment in Poitou where he met Eleanor of Aquitaine and his life as a knight errant. It continues with the accusation against him of an improper relationship with Margaret, wife of Henry the Young King, his exile, and return, the death of Henry the Young King, the rebellion of Richard, the future King Richard I, war with France, the death of King Henry II, and the capture of King Richard, and the rebellion of John, the future King John. It ends with the release of King Richard and the death of John Marshal.
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On 20th April 1884 BBBeatrice Windsor Duchess Galliera 1884-1966Beatrice Windsor Duchess Galliera was born to Prince Alfred Windsor [aged 39] and Maria Holstein Gottorp Romanov [aged 30] at Eastwell Park, Kent. She a granddaughter of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom. She married 15th July 1909 Alfonso Orléans Galliera Duke Galliera and had issue.
On 20th April 1896 BBMaud Louisa Emma Cavendish 1896-1975Maud Louisa Emma Cavendish was born to Victor Christian William Cavendish 9th Duke Devonshire [aged 27] and BBEvelyn Emily Mary Petty-Fitzmaurice Duchess Devonshire 1870-1960Evelyn Emily Mary Petty-Fitzmaurice Duchess Devonshire [aged 25].
On 20th April 1898 Brigadier-General Charles Fitz-Clarence [aged 32] and BBViolet Spencer-Churchill 1864-1941Violet Spencer-Churchill [aged 34] were married at the Citadel Church, Cairo. They were sixth cousins. He a great grandson of King William IV of the United Kingdom.
On 20th April 1906 Lieutenant-Colonel Arthur Gray [aged 70] died at East Bolton, Northumberland [Map]. Memorial at the Chapel of St John the Evangelist, Bolton [Map].
Lieutenant-Colonel Arthur Gray: In 1836 he was born to William Gray and Eleanor Ker. On 1st June 1878 Captain Arthur Gray and Louise Victoria Marshall were married at St Luke's Church, Paddington.
On 20th April 1910 Alvaro Antonio Orléans Galliera was born to Alfonso Orléans Galliera Duke Galliera [aged 23] and BBBeatrice Windsor Duchess Galliera 1884-1966Beatrice Windsor Duchess Galliera [aged 26] at Coburg. He a great grandson of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom.
After 20th April 1916. St Bartholemew's Church, Sunderland Bridge [Map]. Grave of 4617 Private William Dunn of the Durham Light Infantry. Died 20 April 1916. Son of Thomas and Jane Dunn. Born at Croxdale.
The London Gazette 31353. Capt. J. H. M. the Marquis of Granby [aged 32], from the 4th Bn., Leicester Regt., to be Capt. 20th Apr. 1919.
On 20th April 1927 Enrique Simonet Lombardo [aged 61] died.
On 20th April 1941 BBFrancis Hope Pelham-Clinton-Hope 8th Duke Newcastle-under-Lyne 1866-1941Francis Hope Pelham-Clinton-Hope 8th Duke Newcastle-under-Lyne [aged 75] died at Clumber Park, Worksop. His son Henry [aged 34] succeeded 9th Duke Newcastle under Lyme, 16th Earl Lincoln.
On 20th April 1947 Christian X King of Denmark [aged 76] died.
On 20th April 1949 BBConstance Mary Butler 1879-1949Constance Mary Butler [aged 70] died. She was buried at St James' Church, Antony [Map].
BBConstance Mary Butler 1879-1949Constance Mary Butler: On 26th March 1879 she was born to BBJames Butler 3rd Marquess Ormonde 1844-1919James Butler 3rd Marquess Ormonde and BBElizabeth Harriet Grosvenor Marchioness Ormonde 1856-1928Elizabeth Harriet Grosvenor Marchioness Ormonde.
On 20th April 1954 BBJohn Henry Wellesley 1954-John Henry Wellesley was born to Arthur Valerian Wellesley 8th Duke Wellington [aged 38].
The True Chronicles of Jean le Bel Volume 1 Chapters 1-60 1307-1342
The True Chronicles of Jean le Bel offer one of the most vivid and immediate accounts of 14th-century Europe, written by a knight who lived through the events he describes, and experienced some of them first hand. Covering the early decades of the Hundred Years’ War, this remarkable chronicle follows the campaigns of Edward III of England, the politics of France and the Low Countries, and the shifting alliances that shaped medieval warfare. Unlike later historians, Jean le Bel writes with a strong sense of eyewitness authenticity, drawing on personal experience and the testimony of fellow soldiers. His narrative captures not only battles and sieges, but also the realities of military life, diplomacy, and the ideals of chivalry that governed noble society. A key source for Jean Froissart, Le Bel’s chronicle stands on its own as a compelling and insightful work, at once historical record and literary achievement. This translation builds on the 1905 edition published in French by Jules Viard, adding extensive translations from other sources Rymer's Fœdera, the Chronicles of Adam Murimuth, William Nangis, Walter of Guisborough, a Bourgeois of Valenciennes, Geoffrey le Baker of Swinbroke and Richard Lescot to enrich the original text and Viard's notes.
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On 16th August 1956 BBMajor Henry Anthony Birkbeck 1885-1956Major Henry Anthony Birkbeck [aged 71] died. On 20th April 1917 BBGervase William Birkbeck 1887-1917Gervase William Birkbeck was killed in action. Memorials in All Saints Church, West Acre [Map].
BBMajor Henry Anthony Birkbeck 1885-1956Major Henry Anthony Birkbeck: On 29th January 1885 he was born to BBHenry Birkbeck 1853-1930Henry Birkbeck.
BBGervase William Birkbeck 1887-1917Gervase William Birkbeck: Around 1887 he was born to BBHenry Birkbeck 1853-1930Henry Birkbeck.
On 20th April 1978 Robert Fellows [aged 37] and Jane Spencer [aged 21] were married at the Royal Military Chapel, Wellington Barracks. Her sister Diana [aged 16] attended as bridesmaid. She the daughter of BBJohn Spencer 8th Earl Spencer 1924-1992John Spencer 8th Earl Spencer [aged 54] and BBFrances Ruth Roche Countess Spencer 1936-2004Frances Ruth Roche Countess Spencer [aged 42].
On 20th April 1352 BBJohn Welles 5th Baron Welles 1352-1421John Welles 5th Baron Welles was born to BBJohn Welles 4th Baron Welles 1334-1361John Welles 4th Baron Welles [aged 17] and BBMaud Ros Baroness Welles -1388Maud Ros Baroness Welles at Conisholme. He married in or before 1385 his fourth cousin BBEleanor Mowbray Countess Rockingham 1361-1417Eleanor Mowbray Countess Rockingham, daughter of BBJohn Mowbray 4th Baron Mowbray Baron Segrave 1340-1368John Mowbray 4th Baron Mowbray Baron Segrave and BBElizabeth Segrave 5th Baroness Segrave Baroness Mowbray 1338-1368Elizabeth Segrave 5th Baroness Segrave Baroness Mowbray, and had issue.
On 20th April 1544 BBRenata Lorraine Duchess Bavaria 1544-1602Renata Lorraine Duchess Bavaria was born to BBFrancis Lorraine I Duke Lorraine 1517-1545Francis Lorraine I Duke Lorraine [aged 26] and Christina Oldenburg Duchess Lorraine [aged 22]. She married 22nd February 1568 her second cousin BBWilliam Wittelsbach V Duke Bavaria 1548-1626William Wittelsbach V Duke Bavaria, son of BBAlbert V Wittelsbach V Duke Bavaria 1528-1579Albert V Wittelsbach V Duke Bavaria and BBAnna Habsburg Spain Duchess Bavaria 1528-1590Anna Habsburg Spain Duchess Bavaria, and had issue.
On 20th April 1608 Bishop Edward Rainbowe was born to Thomas Rainbowe Vicar at Blyton.
On 20th April 1609 BBMary Noel 1609-Mary Noel was born to Edward Noel 2nd Viscount Campden [aged 27] and Juliana Hicks Viscountess Campden [aged 22]. She married before 1633 Erasmus de la Fontaine and had issue.
On 20th April 1721 BBAmelia Anne Murray 1721-1721Amelia Anne Murray was born to John Murray 1st Duke Atholl [aged 61] and Mary Ross Duchess Atholl [aged 33]. She died aged less than one years old.
On 20th April 1725 James Brudenell 5th Earl Cardigan was born to BBGeorge Brudenell 3rd Earl Cardigan 1685-1732George Brudenell 3rd Earl Cardigan [aged 39] and BBElizabeth Bruce 3rd Countess Cardigan 1689-1745Elizabeth Bruce 3rd Countess Cardigan [aged 36]. He married (1) 1760 his half fourth cousin once removed BBAnne Legge Baroness Brudenell Deene -1786Anne Legge Baroness Brudenell Deene, daughter of BBGeorge Legge 1704-1732George Legge and BBElizabeth Kaye Baroness North and Guildford 1707-1745Elizabeth Kaye Baroness North and Guildford (2) 1786 his half fourth cousin once removed BBElizabeth Waldegrave Countess Cardigan 1758-1823Elizabeth Waldegrave Countess Cardigan, daughter of John Waldegrave 3rd Earl Waldegrave and BBElizabeth Leveson-Gower Countess Waldegrave 1724-1784Elizabeth Leveson-Gower Countess Waldegrave.
On 20th April 1726 BBJames Hay 15th Earl Erroll 1726-1778James Hay 15th Earl Erroll was born to BBWilliam Boyd 4th Earl Kilmarnock 1705-1746William Boyd 4th Earl Kilmarnock [aged 20] and BBAnne Livingston Countess Kilmarnock 1709-1747Anne Livingston Countess Kilmarnock [aged 17]. He married (1) 1749 Rebecca Covington Countess Erroll and had issue (2) 1762 Isabella Carr Countess Erroll and had issue.
On 20th April 1757 Reverend William Nelson 1st Earl Nelson was born to Reverend Edmund Nelson [aged 35]. He married 9th November 1786 Sarah Yonge Countess Nelson and had issue.
On 20th April 1757 Elizabeth Anne Burrell Duchess Hamilton Duchess Brandon was born to BBPeter Burrell 1724-1775Peter Burrell [aged 32] and Elizabeth Lewis. She married (1) 1777 Douglas Hamilton 8th Duke Hamilton 5th Duke Brandon, son of James Hamilton 6th Duke Hamilton 3rd Duke Brandon and Elizabeth Gunning Duchess Hamilton and Argyll (2) 1800 Henry Cecil 1st Marquess Exeter.
The True Chronicles of Jean le Bel Volume 1 Chapters 1-60 1307-1342
The True Chronicles of Jean le Bel offer one of the most vivid and immediate accounts of 14th-century Europe, written by a knight who lived through the events he describes, and experienced some of them first hand. Covering the early decades of the Hundred Years’ War, this remarkable chronicle follows the campaigns of Edward III of England, the politics of France and the Low Countries, and the shifting alliances that shaped medieval warfare. Unlike later historians, Jean le Bel writes with a strong sense of eyewitness authenticity, drawing on personal experience and the testimony of fellow soldiers. His narrative captures not only battles and sieges, but also the realities of military life, diplomacy, and the ideals of chivalry that governed noble society. A key source for Jean Froissart, Le Bel’s chronicle stands on its own as a compelling and insightful work, at once historical record and literary achievement. This translation builds on the 1905 edition published in French by Jules Viard, adding extensive translations from other sources Rymer's Fœdera, the Chronicles of Adam Murimuth, William Nangis, Walter of Guisborough, a Bourgeois of Valenciennes, Geoffrey le Baker of Swinbroke and Richard Lescot to enrich the original text and Viard's notes.
Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback format.
On 20th April 1775 BBSpencer Stanley Chichester 1775-1819Spencer Stanley Chichester was born to Arthur Chichester 1st Marquess Donegal [aged 35] and BBAnne Hamilton Countess Donegal 1738-1780Anne Hamilton Countess Donegal [aged 37]. He married before 8th January 1797 his half second cousin BBAnne Harriet Stewart 1769-1850Anne Harriet Stewart, daughter of BBJohn Stewart 7th Earl Galloway 1736-1806John Stewart 7th Earl Galloway and Anne Dashwood Countess Galloway, and had issue.
On 20th April 1785 Hugh Percy 3rd Duke Northumberland was born to Hugh Percy 2nd Duke Northumberland [aged 42] and BBFrances Julia Burrell Duchess Northumberland 1752-1820Frances Julia Burrell Duchess Northumberland [aged 32]. He married 29th April 1817 BBCharlotte Herbert Duchess Northumberland 1787-1866Charlotte Herbert Duchess Northumberland, daughter of Edward Clive 1st Earl Powis and Henrietta Antonia Herbert 3rd Countess Powis.
On 20th April 1789 BBRichard George Quin 1789-1843Richard George Quin was born to Valentine Richard Wyndham-Quin 1st Earl Dunraven and Mount-Earl [aged 36] and BBFrances Muriel Fox-Strangways Baroness Adare -1814Frances Muriel Fox-Strangways Baroness Adare. He married 7th September 1813 BBAmelia Smith -1845Amelia Smith, daughter of John Smith 1st Baronet and Elizabeth Curtis Lady Smith.
On 20th April 1792 BBCaptain George William St John-Mildmay 1792-1851Captain George William St John-Mildmay was born to BBHenry Paulet St John-Mildmay 3rd Baronet 1764-1808Henry Paulet St John-Mildmay 3rd Baronet [aged 27] and Jane Mildmay Lady St-John Mildmay [aged 27]. She was a twin with Judith St John-Mildmay Countess Radnor [aged 2]. He married 29th April 1832 Mary Baillie.
On 20th April 1796 Francis Baring 1st Baron Northbrook was born to BBThomas Baring 2nd Baronet 1772-1848Thomas Baring 2nd Baronet [aged 23] and Mary Ursula Sealy Lady Baring [aged 22]. He married (1) 7th April 1825 BBJane Grey 1804-1838Jane Grey, daughter of BBGeorge Grey 1st Baronet 1767-1828George Grey 1st Baronet and Mary Whitbread Lady Grey, and had issue (2) 1841 BBArabella Georgina Howard Baroness Northbrook 1809-1884Arabella Georgina Howard Baroness Northbrook, daughter of Kenneth Alexander Howard 1st Earl of Effingham and BBCharlotte Primrose Countess Effingham 1776-1864Charlotte Primrose Countess Effingham, and had issue.
On 20th April 1798 Maria Liddell Marchioness Normanby was born to BBThomas Liddell 1st Baron Ravensworth 1775-1855Thomas Liddell 1st Baron Ravensworth [aged 23] and Maria Susannah Simpson Baroness Calthorpe [aged 25]. She married 1818 Constantine Phipps 1st Marquess Normanby, son of Henry Phipps 1st Earl Mulgrave and Martha Sophia Thomson Maling Countess Mulgrave, and had issue.
On 20th April 1801 John Stuart-Wortley-Mackenzie 2nd Baron Wharncliffe was born to James Archibald Stuart-Wortley-Mackenzie 1st Baron Wharncliffe [aged 24] and Elizabeth Caroline Mary Crichton Baroness Wharncliffe [aged 23]. He married 1825 his third cousin once removed BBGeorgiana Elizabeth Ryder Baroness Wharncliffe 1804-1884Georgiana Elizabeth Ryder Baroness Wharncliffe, daughter of BBDudley Ryder 1st Earl of Harrowby 1762-1847Dudley Ryder 1st Earl of Harrowby and Susanna Leveson-Gower Countess Harrowby Lincolnshire, and had issue.
On 20th April 1805 Franz Xaver Winterhalter was born.
On 20th April 1806 BBJoanna Hobhouse 1806-1878Joanna Hobhouse was born to Benjamin Hobhouse 1st Baronet [aged 49] and Amelia Parry. She married before 5th October 1894 BBReverend Adrian Scrope Fane 1810-1894Reverend Adrian Scrope Fane.
On 20th April 1810 BBCharles Henry Dillon 14th Viscount Dillon 1810-1865Charles Henry Dillon 14th Viscount Dillon was born to BBHenry Augustus Dillon Lee 13th Viscount Dillon 1777-1832Henry Augustus Dillon Lee 13th Viscount Dillon [aged 32] at Dublin [Map]. He a great x 4 grandson of King James II of England Scotland and Ireland.
William of Worcester's Chronicle of England
William of Worcester, born around 1415, and died around 1482 was secretary to John Fastolf, the renowned soldier of the Hundred Years War, during which time he collected documents, letters, and wrote a record of events. Following their return to England in 1440 William was witness to major events. Twice in his chronicle he uses the first person: 1. when writing about the murder of Thomas, 7th Baron Scales, in 1460, he writes '… and I saw him lying naked in the cemetery near the porch of the church of St. Mary Overie in Southwark …' and 2. describing King Edward IV's entry into London in 1461 he writes '… proclaimed that all the people themselves were to recognize and acknowledge Edward as king. I was present and heard this, and immediately went down with them into the city'. William’s Chronicle is rich in detail. It is the source of much information about the Wars of the Roses, including the term 'Diabolical Marriage' to describe the marriage of Queen Elizabeth Woodville’s brother John’s marriage to Katherine, Dowager Duchess of Norfolk, he aged twenty, she sixty-five or more, and the story about a paper crown being placed in mockery on the severed head of Richard, 3rd Duke of York.
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On 20th April 1819 Alexander Hood 3rd Baronet was born to Alexander Hood 2nd Baronet [aged 25] and BBAmelia Anne Bateman Lady HoodAmelia Anne Bateman Lady Hood. He married 1849 BBIsabel Harriet Fuller-Palmer-Acland Lady Hood 1832-1903Isabel Harriet Fuller-Palmer-Acland Lady Hood, daughter of BBPeregrine Palmer Fuller-Palmer-Acland 2nd Baronet 1789-1871Peregrine Palmer Fuller-Palmer-Acland 2nd Baronet, and had issue.
On 20th April 1838 BBElizabeth Sophia Heathcote-Willoughby-Drummond 1838-1920Elizabeth Sophia Heathcote-Willoughby-Drummond was born to Gilbert John Heathcote 1st Baron Aveland [aged 43] and Clementina Drummond Willoughby 24th Baroness Willoughby of Eresby Baroness Aveland [aged 28].
On 20th April 1841 BBRear-Admiral Victor Alexander Montagu 1841-1915Rear-Admiral Victor Alexander Montagu was born to John William Montagu 7th Earl Sandwich [aged 29] and Mary Paget Countess Sandwich [aged 28]. He married before 1913 BBAgneta Harriet Yorke 1838-1913Agneta Harriet Yorke, daughter of BBCharles Yorke 4th Earl of Hardwicke 1799-1873Charles Yorke 4th Earl of Hardwicke and BBSusan Liddell Countess Hardwicke 1810-1886Susan Liddell Countess Hardwicke, and had issue.
On 20th April 1847 Claude Champion de Crespigny 4th Baronet was born to Claude Champion de Crespigny 3rd Baronet [aged 28] and BBMary Tyrell Lady Champion de Crespigny 1823-1876Mary Tyrell Lady Champion de Crespigny [aged 24]. He married before 11th September 1873 Louisa Margaret McKerrall and had issue.
On 20th April 1848 BBWilliam Bulkeley Barrington 9th Viscount Barrington 1848-1933William Bulkeley Barrington 9th Viscount Barrington was born to BBPercy Barrington 8th Viscount Barrington 1825-1901Percy Barrington 8th Viscount Barrington [aged 22] and Louisa Higgins. He was educated at Eton College [Map]. He married (1) 1870 Mary Isabella Bogue Viscountess Barrington (2) 1905 Charlotte Stopford Viscountess Barrington and had issue.
On 20th April 1868 BBReverend Francis Cooke Caulfield Heathcote 9th Baronet 1868-1961Reverend Francis Cooke Caulfield Heathcote 9th Baronet was born to BBReverend Gilbert Vyvyan Heathcote 1830-1890Reverend Gilbert Vyvyan Heathcote [aged 37] and Helen Maxwell Cunningham.
On 20th April 1884 BBBeatrice Windsor Duchess Galliera 1884-1966Beatrice Windsor Duchess Galliera was born to Prince Alfred Windsor [aged 39] and Maria Holstein Gottorp Romanov [aged 30] at Eastwell Park, Kent. She a granddaughter of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom. She married 15th July 1909 Alfonso Orléans Galliera Duke Galliera and had issue.
On 20th April 1887 Beatrice Mary Burrow Lady Prevost was born. She was educated at the Clergy Daughters School at Casterton, Cumbria
On 20th April 1896 BBMaud Louisa Emma Cavendish 1896-1975Maud Louisa Emma Cavendish was born to Victor Christian William Cavendish 9th Duke Devonshire [aged 27] and BBEvelyn Emily Mary Petty-Fitzmaurice Duchess Devonshire 1870-1960Evelyn Emily Mary Petty-Fitzmaurice Duchess Devonshire [aged 25].
On 20th April 1905 George Nelson 8th Earl Nelson was born to Edward Nelson 5th Earl Nelson [aged 44].
On 20th April 1910 Alvaro Antonio Orléans Galliera was born to Alfonso Orléans Galliera Duke Galliera [aged 23] and BBBeatrice Windsor Duchess Galliera 1884-1966Beatrice Windsor Duchess Galliera [aged 26] at Coburg. He a great grandson of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom.
On 20th April 1911 BBRichard Hanbury-Tracy 6th Baron Sudeley 1911-1941Richard Hanbury-Tracy 6th Baron Sudeley was born to BBAlgernon Hanbury-Tracy 1871-1915Algernon Hanbury-Tracy [aged 40]. He married 30th November 1940 Elizabeth Mary Bromley.
Chronicle of a Bourgeois of Valenciennes
Récits d’un bourgeois de Valenciennes aka The Chronicle of a Bourgeois of Valenciennes is a vivid 14th-century vernacular chronicle written by an anonymous urban chronicler from Valenciennes in the County of Hainaut. It survives in a manuscript that describes local and regional history from about 1253 to 1366, blending chronology, narrative episodes, and eyewitness-style accounts of political, military, and social events in medieval France, Flanders, and the Low Countries. The work begins with a chronological framework of events affecting Valenciennes and its region under rulers such as King Philip VI of France and the shifting allegiances of local nobility. It includes accounts of conflicts, sieges, diplomatic manoeuvres, and the impact of broader struggles like the Hundred Years’ War on urban life in Hainaut. Written from the perspective of a burgher (bourgeois) rather than a monastery or royal court, the chronicle offers a rare lay viewpoint on high politics and warfare, reflecting how merchants, townspeople, and civic institutions experienced the turbulence of the 13th and 14th centuries. Its narrative style combines straightforward reporting of events with moral and civic observations, making it a valuable source for readers interested in medieval urban society, regional politics, and the lived experience of war and governance in pre-modern Europe.
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On 20th April 1954 BBJohn Henry Wellesley 1954-John Henry Wellesley was born to Arthur Valerian Wellesley 8th Duke Wellington [aged 38].
On 20th April 1958 Crispian Barlow 8th Baronet was born to Christopher Hilaro Barlow 7th Baronet [aged 28].
On 20th April 1965 Catherine Lockwood Countess Spencer was born.
On 20th April 1630 Christopher Yelverton 1st Baronet [aged 28] and BBAnne Twysden -1670Anne Twysden were married.
On 20th April 1636 BBThomas Pope 3rd Earl Downe 1598-1668Thomas Pope 3rd Earl Downe [aged 38] and Beatrix Poole were married at Wroxton, Oxfordshire. He the son of William Pope 1st Earl Downe and BBAnne Hopton Baroness Wentworth 1561-1625Anne Hopton Baroness Wentworth.
On 20th April 1663 James Scott 1st Duke Monmouth 1st Duke Buccleuch [aged 14] and Anne Scott Duchess Monmouth and Buccleuch [aged 12] were married. She by marriage Duchess Monmouth. She the daughter of Francis Scott 2nd Earl Buccleuch and Margaret Leslie Countess Buccleuch and Wemyss [aged 42]. He the illegitmate son of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland [aged 32] and Lucy Walter. They were fifth cousins.
On 20th April 1681 Richard Newport 2nd Earl Bradford [aged 36] and BBMary Wilbraham Countess Bradford 1661-1737Mary Wilbraham Countess Bradford [aged 19] were married. He the son of Francis Newport 1st Earl Bradford [aged 61] and Diana Russell Countess Bradford.
On 20th April 1693 Charles Barrington 5th Baronet [aged 22] and BBBridget Monson Lady Barrington 1674-1699Bridget Monson Lady Barrington [aged 19] were married at St Bride's Church, Fleet Street. She by marriage Lady Barrington of Barrington Hall.
On 20th April 1695 Henry Grey 1st Duke Kent [aged 24] and Jemima Crew Marchioness Kent [aged 19] were married. They had five sons and seven daughters of whom only three surviving her. He the son of Anthony Grey 11th Earl Kent [aged 49] and Mary Lucas Countess Kent [aged 51].
On 20th April 1710 Alan Brodrick 1st Viscount Midleton [aged 54] and Anne Trevor [aged 38] were married. She by marriage Viscountess Midleton of Midleton in Cork.
Anne Boleyn. Her Life as told by Lancelot de Carle's 1536 Letter.
In 1536, two weeks after the execution of Anne Boleyn, her brother George and four others, Lancelot du Carle, wrote an extraordinary letter that described Anne's life, and her trial and execution, to which he was a witness. This book presents a new translation of that letter, with additional material from other contemporary sources such as Letters, Hall's and Wriothesley's Chronicles, the pamphlets of Wynkyn the Worde, the Memorial of George Constantyne, the Portuguese Letter and the Baga de Secrets, all of which are provided in Appendices.
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On 20th April 1736 James Campbell 5th Baronet [aged 58] and Margaret Campbell Lady Campbell [aged 32] were married. She by marriage Lady Campbell of Auchinbreck. The difference in their ages was 25 years.
On 20th April 1757 John Trevelyan 4th Baronet [aged 22] and Louisa Marianne Simond were married at Saint James, Westminster. She brought to the marriage her merchant father's partnership in sugar cane plantations on Grenada, which included the ownership of about 1,000 slaves.
On 20th April 1770 George Keppel 3rd Earl Albermarle [aged 46] and BBAnne Miller Countess Albermarle 1726-1824Anne Miller Countess Albermarle [aged 44] were married at Yattendon Castle [Map]. She by marriage Countess Albermarle. He the son of William Anne Keppel 2nd Earl Albermarle and BBAnne Lennox Countess Albermarle 1703-1789Anne Lennox Countess Albermarle [aged 66].
On 20th April 1771 Thomas Brand Baron Dacre [aged 21] and BBGertrude Trevor Roper 19th Baroness Dacre of Gilsland 1750-1819Gertrude Trevor Roper 19th Baroness Dacre of Gilsland [aged 20] were married. They were fourth cousin once removed. She a great x 2 granddaughter of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland.
On 20th April 1774 BBWilliam Middleton 5th Baronet 1738-1795William Middleton 5th Baronet [aged 36] and Jane Monck Lady Middleton were married. She by marriage Lady Middleton of Belsay Castle in Northumberland.
On 11th March 1799 BBThomas Bruce 11th Earl Kincardine 7th Earl Elgin 1766-1841Thomas Bruce 11th Earl Kincardine 7th Earl Elgin [aged 32] and Mary Nisbet Countess Elgin [aged 20] were married. She by marriage Countess Elgin. They had two sons and three daughters. They divorced before 20th April 1808 she having been accused of having an affair with Robert Ferguson of Raith [aged 29] whom she subsequently married. The Earl sued Ferguson in both England and Scotland and won £10,000. He the son of BBCharles Bruce 9th Earl Kincardine 5th Earl Elgin 1732-1771Charles Bruce 9th Earl Kincardine 5th Earl Elgin.
On 20th April 1800 BBJohn Gladstone 1st Baronet 1764-1851John Gladstone 1st Baronet [aged 35] and Anne MacKenzie Robertson [aged 28] were married at St Peter's Church, Liverpool.
On 20th April 1808 Robert Ferguson of Raith [aged 38] and Mary Nisbet Countess Elgin [aged 30] were married.
On 20th April 1843 Thomas Coke 2nd Earl of Leicester [aged 20] and Juliana Whitbread Countess Leicester [aged 17] were married. She by marriage Countess of Leicester. He the son of Thomas Coke 1st Earl of Leicester and BBAnne Amelia Keppel Countess Leicester 1803-1844Anne Amelia Keppel Countess Leicester [aged 40]. They were half fifth cousin once removed. He a great x 4 grandson of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland. She a great x 5 granddaughter of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland.
On 20th April 1844 Orlando Bridgeman 3rd Earl Bradford [aged 24] and Selina Weld-Forester Countess Bradford were married. He the son of George Bridgeman 2nd Earl Bradford [aged 54] and Georgina Elizabeth Moncrieffe Countess Bradford. They were fifth cousin once removed.
On 20th April 1875 BBReverend George Boughey 5th Baronet 1837-1910Reverend George Boughey 5th Baronet [aged 37] and BBTheodosia Mary Royds 1840-Theodosia Mary Royds [aged 34] were married. They were second cousins.
The True Chronicles of Jean le Bel Volume 1 Chapters 1-60 1307-1342
The True Chronicles of Jean le Bel offer one of the most vivid and immediate accounts of 14th-century Europe, written by a knight who lived through the events he describes, and experienced some of them first hand. Covering the early decades of the Hundred Years’ War, this remarkable chronicle follows the campaigns of Edward III of England, the politics of France and the Low Countries, and the shifting alliances that shaped medieval warfare. Unlike later historians, Jean le Bel writes with a strong sense of eyewitness authenticity, drawing on personal experience and the testimony of fellow soldiers. His narrative captures not only battles and sieges, but also the realities of military life, diplomacy, and the ideals of chivalry that governed noble society. A key source for Jean Froissart, Le Bel’s chronicle stands on its own as a compelling and insightful work, at once historical record and literary achievement. This translation builds on the 1905 edition published in French by Jules Viard, adding extensive translations from other sources Rymer's Fœdera, the Chronicles of Adam Murimuth, William Nangis, Walter of Guisborough, a Bourgeois of Valenciennes, Geoffrey le Baker of Swinbroke and Richard Lescot to enrich the original text and Viard's notes.
Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback format.
On 20th April 1898 Brigadier-General Charles Fitz-Clarence [aged 32] and BBViolet Spencer-Churchill 1864-1941Violet Spencer-Churchill [aged 34] were married at the Citadel Church, Cairo. They were sixth cousins. He a great grandson of King William IV of the United Kingdom.
On 20th April 1899 Robert Offley Ashburton Crewe Milnes 1st Marquess of Crewe [aged 41] and Margaret Etrenne Hannah "Peggy" Primrose Marchioness Crewe [aged 18] were married. She by marriage Countess of Crewe in Cheshire. The difference in their ages was 22 years. She the daughter of Archibald Philip Primrose 5th Earl Rosebery 1st Earl Midlothian [aged 51] and BBHannah Rothschild Countess of Rosebery 1851-1890Hannah Rothschild Countess of Rosebery.
On 20th April 1978 Robert Fellows [aged 37] and Jane Spencer [aged 21] were married at the Royal Military Chapel, Wellington Barracks. Her sister Diana [aged 16] attended as bridesmaid. She the daughter of BBJohn Spencer 8th Earl Spencer 1924-1992John Spencer 8th Earl Spencer [aged 54] and BBFrances Ruth Roche Countess Spencer 1936-2004Frances Ruth Roche Countess Spencer [aged 42].
On 20th April 689 King Cædwalla of Wessex [aged 30] died. He was buried at St Peter's Basilica.
On 20th April 1176 BBRichard "Strongbow" Clare 2nd Earl Pembroke 1130-1176Richard "Strongbow" Clare 2nd Earl Pembroke [aged 46] died at Dublin [Map]. He was buried at Christ Church Cathedral, Dublin [Map]. His son Gilbert succeeded 3rd Earl Pembroke although being a minor he was never invested with the title.
On 20th April 1375 Eleanor of Sicily Queen Consort Aragon [aged 50] died.
On 20th April 1396 BBAlianore Strange Baroness Grey Ruthyn 1331-1396Alianore Strange Baroness Grey Ruthyn [aged 65] died at Ruthyn.
On 20th April 1417 BBElizabeth Mortimer Baroness Camoys 1371-1417Elizabeth Mortimer Baroness Camoys [aged 46] died. She was buried at St George's Church Trotton.
On 20th April 1478 BBMargery Despencer 3rd Baroness Despencer, Baroness Ros 1397-1478Margery Despencer 3rd Baroness Despencer, Baroness Ros [aged 81] died. Her grandson Henry [aged 30] succeeded 4th Baron Despencer. BBAnne Saye Baroness Despencer 1453-1484Anne Saye Baroness Despencer [aged 25] by marriage Baroness Despencer.
On 20th April 1488 Edmund Shaa [aged 52] died.
On 20th April 1541 BBRobert Stewart 1st Earl Albany 1541-1541Robert Stewart 1st Earl Albany died being only eight days old.
Henrici Quinti, Angliæ Regis, Gesta, is a first-hand account of the Agincourt Campaign, and subsequent events to his death in 1422. The author of the first part was a Chaplain in King Henry's retinue who was present from King Henry's departure at Southampton in 1415, at the siege of Harfleur, the battle of Agincourt, and the celebrations on King Henry's return to London. The second part, by another writer, relates the events that took place including the negotiations at Troye, Henry's marriage and his death in 1422.
Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback format.
On 20th April 1566 John Mason [aged 63] died.
On 20th April 1641 Bishop John Davenant [aged 68] died. Salisbury Cathedral [Map].
Bishop John Davenant: On 20th May 1572 he was born. In 1621 he was appointed Bishop of Salisbury.
On 20th April 1647 John Hobart 2nd Baronet [aged 54] died. His nephew John [aged 19] succeeded 3rd Baronet Hobart of Intwood in Norfolk.
On 20th April 1656 BBThomas Palmer 2nd Baronet -1656Thomas Palmer 2nd Baronet died at Wingham, Kent. His son Henry succeeded 3rd Baronet Palmer of Wingham in Kent.
On 20th April 1678 BBFrancis Seymour 5th Duke of Somerset 1658-1678Francis Seymour 5th Duke of Somerset [aged 20] was killed. He was unmarried and childless. He was shot dead by Genoese Horatio Botti whose wife Seymour was said to have insulted at Lerici. His brother Charles [aged 15] succeeded 6th Duke Somerset, 6th Earl Hertford, 6th Baron Beauchamp of Hatch Beauchamp in Somerset, 4th Baron Seymour of Trowbridge.
On 20th April 1685 Archdeacon William Turner [aged 37] died.
On 20th April 1690 BBMaria Anna Victoria Wittelsbach Duchess Burgundy 1660-1690Maria Anna Victoria Wittelsbach Duchess Burgundy [aged 29] died.
On 20th April 1701 Orlando Bridgeman 1st Baronet [aged 51] died. His son Orlando [aged 22] succeeded 2nd Baronet Bridgeman of Ridley in Cheshire.
On 20th April 1702 Anna Maria Brudenell Countess Shrewsbury and Waterford [aged 60] died.
On 20th April 1708 Damaris Cudworth Lady Masham [aged 49] died.
Adam Murimuth's Continuation and Robert of Avesbury’s 'The Wonderful Deeds of King Edward III'
This volume brings together two of the most important contemporary chronicles for the reign of Edward III and the opening phases of the Hundred Years’ War. Written in Latin by English clerical observers, these texts provide a vivid and authoritative window into the political, diplomatic, and military history of fourteenth-century England and its continental ambitions. Adam Murimuth Continuatio's Chronicarum continues an earlier chronicle into the mid-fourteenth century, offering concise but valuable notices on royal policy, foreign relations, and ecclesiastical affairs. Its annalistic structure makes it especially useful for establishing chronology and tracing the development of events year by year. Complementing it, Robert of Avesbury’s De gestis mirabilibus regis Edwardi tertii is a rich documentary chronicle preserving letters, treaties, and official records alongside narrative passages. It is an indispensable source for understanding Edward III’s claim to the French crown, the conduct of war, and the mechanisms of medieval diplomacy. Together, these works offer scholars, students, and enthusiasts a reliable and unembellished account of a transformative period in English and European history. Essential for anyone interested in medieval chronicles, the Hundred Years’ War, or the reign of Edward III.
Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback format.
On 20th April 1712 BBCatherine Cavendish Countess Isle Thanet 1665-1712Catherine Cavendish Countess Isle Thanet [aged 47] died.
On 20th April 1713 John Hay 2nd Marquess Tweeddale [aged 68] died. His son Charles [aged 43] succeeded 3rd Marquess Tweeddale, 4th Earl Tweeddale.
On 20th April 1718 Michael Biddulph 2nd Baronet [aged 64] died. He was buried at Greenwich, Kent [Map] on 1st May 1718. His son Theophilus [aged 33] succeeded 3rd Baronet Biddulph of Westcombe in Kent.
On 20th April 1720 BBGeorge Gordon 1st Earl Aberdeen 1637-1720George Gordon 1st Earl Aberdeen [aged 82] died. His son William [aged 41] succeeded 2nd Earl Aberdeen. BBAnne Gordon Duchess Mantua -1786Anne Gordon Duchess Mantua by marriage Duchess Mantua.
On 20th April 1741 BBHenry O'Brien 8th Earl Thomond 1688-1741Henry O'Brien 8th Earl Thomond [aged 52] died without issue. He was buried in St Mary's Cathedral, Limerick, County Limerick.
On 18th or 20th April 1746 BBGustavus Hamilton 2nd Viscount Boyne 1710-1746Gustavus Hamilton 2nd Viscount Boyne [aged 36] died. His half first cousin Frederick [aged 27] succeeded 3rd Viscount Boyne.
On 20th April 1759 Thomas William Coke 1st Earl of Leicester [aged 61] died. Earl of Leicester and Baron Lovel of Minster Lovell extinct. Wenman Roberts aka Coke [aged 42] inherited his estates.
On 31st August 1753 BBEdward Coke 1719-1753Edward Coke [aged 34] died.
Monument in Church of St Mary the Virgin, Tittleshall [Map] commissioned by wife and mother Margaret Tufton Countess Leicester [aged 58]. Erected in 1760. Sculpted by Charles Atkinson. Gadrooned sarcophagus on pedestal with a carved and painted achievement above surrounded by extravagant mantling. Flanked by pair of composite columns supporting a dentilated pediment. Carved bust figures to the sides of the Earl and Countess by Louis Francois Roubiliac [aged 56].
BBEdward Coke 1719-1753Edward Coke: On 2nd February 1719 he was born to Thomas William Coke 1st Earl of Leicester and Margaret Tufton Countess Leicester. On 1st April 1747 BBEdward Coke 1719-1753Edward Coke and BBMary Campbell 1727-1811Mary Campbell were married. She the daughter of John Campbell 2nd Duke Argyll and Jane Warburton Duchess of Argyll. He the son of Thomas William Coke 1st Earl of Leicester and Margaret Tufton Countess Leicester.
On 20th April 1767 BBJohn St John 12th Baron St John 1725-1767John St John 12th Baron St John [aged 41] died at Nice, France. His son Henry [aged 8] succeeded 13th Baron St John of Bletso, 10th Baronet St John of Woodford in Northamptonshire.
On 20th April 1792 John Bourke 2nd Earl of Mayo [aged 63] died. His brother Joseph [aged 56] succeeded 3rd Earl Mayo. Elizabeth Meade Countess Mayo by marriage Countess Mayo.
On 20th April 1802 BBGeorge Augustus North 3rd Earl Guildford 1757-1802George Augustus North 3rd Earl Guildford [aged 44] died. His brother Francis [aged 40] succeeded 4th Earl Guildford, 6th Baron Guildford. Baron North abeyant between his three daughters BBMaria North Marchioness Bute -1841Maria North Marchioness Bute, BBSusan North 10th Baroness North 1797-1884Susan North 10th Baroness North [aged 5] and BBGeorgiana North -1835Georgiana North.
On 20th April 1804 BBDuke Ernest of Saxe Coburg Altenburg 1745-1804Duke Ernest of Saxe Coburg Altenburg [aged 59] died at Gotha. His son Duke [aged 31] succeeded Duke Saxe Gotha Altenburg. BBKaroline Amalie Hesse-Kassel Duchess Saxe Gotha Altenburg 1771-1848Karoline Amalie Hesse-Kassel Duchess Saxe Gotha Altenburg [aged 32] by marriage Duchess Saxe Gotha Altenburg.
Chronicle of Geoffrey le Baker of Swinbroke
Baker was a secular clerk from Swinbroke, now Swinbrook, an Oxfordshire village two miles east of Burford. His Chronicle describes the events of the period 1303-1356: Gaveston, Bannockburn, Boroughbridge, the murder of King Edward II, the Scottish Wars, Sluys, Crécy, the Black Death, Winchelsea and Poitiers. To quote Herbert Bruce 'it possesses a vigorous and characteristic style, and its value for particular events between 1303 and 1356 has been recognised by its editor and by subsequent writers'. The book provides remarkable detail about the events it describes. Baker's text has been augmented with hundreds of notes, including extracts from other contemporary chronicles, such as the Annales Londonienses, Annales Paulini, Murimuth, Lanercost, Avesbury, Guisborough and Froissart to enrich the reader's understanding. The translation takes as its source the 'Chronicon Galfridi le Baker de Swynebroke' published in 1889, edited by Edward Maunde Thompson.
Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback format.
On 20th April 1809 George Harcourt 2nd Earl Harcourt [aged 72] died without issue. His brother William [aged 66] succeeded 3rd Earl Harcourt of Stanton Harcourt, 4th Viscount Harcourt of Stanton Harcourt in Oxfordshire.
On 20th April 1819 BBCharles Scott 4th Duke Buccleuch 6th Duke Queensberry 1772-1819Charles Scott 4th Duke Buccleuch 6th Duke Queensberry [aged 46] died. His son Walter succeeded 5th Duke Buccleuch, 7th Duke Queensberry, 5th Earl Doncaster, 5th Baron Scott of Tynedale.
On 20th April 1832 BBCharles Tufton 10th Earl of Thanet 1770-1832Charles Tufton 10th Earl of Thanet [aged 61] died. His brother Henry [aged 57] succeeded 11th Earl of Thanet, 11th Baron Tufton, 12th Baronet Tufton of Hothfield.
On 20th April 1845 Thomas Phillips [aged 74] died.
On 20th April 1845 Cecilia Anne Parke Lady Ridley died.
On 20th April 1866 Frederick Adair Roe 1st Baronet [aged 77] died. Baronet Roe of Brundish in Suffolk extinct.
On 20th April 1875 BBJoseph Hawley 3rd Baronet 1814-1875Joseph Hawley 3rd Baronet [aged 60] died. His brother Henry [aged 51] succeeded 4th Baronet Hawley of Leybourne Grange in Kent.
On 20th April 1896 BBJohn Alexander Thynne 4th Marquess of Bath 1831-1896John Alexander Thynne 4th Marquess of Bath [aged 65] died. His son Thomas [aged 33] succeeded 5th Marquess of Bath, 7th Viscount Weymouth, 7th Baron Thynne of Warminster in Wiltshire, 8th Baronet Thynne of Kempsford in Gloucestershire. BBViolet Caroline Mordaunt Marchioness Bath 1869-1928Violet Caroline Mordaunt Marchioness Bath [aged 27] by marriage Marchioness of Bath.
On 20th April 1913 Charles Rose 1st Baronet [aged 65] died. His son Frank [aged 36] succeeded 2nd Baronet Rose of Hardwick House in Oxfordshire.
On 20th April 1920 Louisa Erskine Holmes Viscountess Wolseley [aged 77] died.
Daily Mail (Hull, Humberside, England), Friday, April 16, 1920, Page 3:
"The late Dowager Viscountess Wolseley was buried privately in the crypt of St. Paul's Cathedral yesterday, her expressed wish for a simple burial being fully observed. Admission to the crypt was by ticket, and only about 30 relatives and intimate friends saw the ashes, which had been brought to the cathedral overnight from Golder's Green Crematorium, interred besides Lord Wolseley's tomb."
Adam Murimuth's Continuation and Robert of Avesbury’s 'The Wonderful Deeds of King Edward III'
This volume brings together two of the most important contemporary chronicles for the reign of Edward III and the opening phases of the Hundred Years’ War. Written in Latin by English clerical observers, these texts provide a vivid and authoritative window into the political, diplomatic, and military history of fourteenth-century England and its continental ambitions. Adam Murimuth Continuatio's Chronicarum continues an earlier chronicle into the mid-fourteenth century, offering concise but valuable notices on royal policy, foreign relations, and ecclesiastical affairs. Its annalistic structure makes it especially useful for establishing chronology and tracing the development of events year by year. Complementing it, Robert of Avesbury’s De gestis mirabilibus regis Edwardi tertii is a rich documentary chronicle preserving letters, treaties, and official records alongside narrative passages. It is an indispensable source for understanding Edward III’s claim to the French crown, the conduct of war, and the mechanisms of medieval diplomacy. Together, these works offer scholars, students, and enthusiasts a reliable and unembellished account of a transformative period in English and European history. Essential for anyone interested in medieval chronicles, the Hundred Years’ War, or the reign of Edward III.
Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback format.
On 20th April 1927 Enrique Simonet Lombardo [aged 61] died.
On 20th April 1931 BBCosmo Edmund Duff-Gordon 5th Baronet 1862-1931Cosmo Edmund Duff-Gordon 5th Baronet [aged 68] died without issue. His brother Henry [aged 65] succeeded 6th Baronet Duff-Gordon of Halkin in Aberdeenshire. Maud Emily Hammersley Lady-Duff-Gordon by marriage Lady Duff-Gordon of Halkin in Aberdeenshire.
On 20th April 1935 Lucy "Madame Lucille" Christiana Sutherland Lady Duff-Gordon [aged 71] died.
On 20th April 1941 BBFrancis Hope Pelham-Clinton-Hope 8th Duke Newcastle-under-Lyne 1866-1941Francis Hope Pelham-Clinton-Hope 8th Duke Newcastle-under-Lyne [aged 75] died at Clumber Park, Worksop. His son Henry [aged 34] succeeded 9th Duke Newcastle under Lyme, 16th Earl Lincoln.
On 20th April 1947 Christian X King of Denmark [aged 76] died.
On 20th April 1947 BBWathen Arthur Waller 5th Baronet 1881-1947Wathen Arthur Waller 5th Baronet [aged 65] died. His second cousin Edmund [aged 75] succeeded 6th Baronet Waller of Braywick Lodge in Berkshire. Muriel Grace Adderley Lady Waller [aged 64] by marriage Lady Waller of Braywick Lodge in Berkshire.
On 20th April 1949 BBGeorge Bingham 5th Earl Lucan 1860-1949George Bingham 5th Earl Lucan [aged 88] died.
On 20th April 1977 BBCharles Burnett Buckworth-Herne-Soame 11th Baronet 1894-1977Charles Burnett Buckworth-Herne-Soame 11th Baronet [aged 82] died. His son Charles [aged 44] succeeded 12th Baronet Buckworth-Herne-Soame of Sheen in Surrey.
On 20th April 1985 BBRalph Stawell Dutton 8th Baron Sherborne -1985Ralph Stawell Dutton 8th Baron Sherborne [aged 86] died unmarried. He was buried at All Saints Church, Hinton Ampner [Map]. Baron Sherborne extinct. He gave his estates, including Hinton Ampner House, Winchester, to the National Trust.